scholarly journals Community-Based Social Marketing in Theory and Practice: Five Case Studies of Water Efficiency Programs in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-344
Author(s):  
Sarah Fries ◽  
Julie Cook ◽  
Jennifer Kristin Lynes
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Benchmark Assessment

Background: Community-based social marketing (CBSM) offers a pragmatic five-step approach to developing a program that fosters sustainable behaviour. However, how the CBSM theoretical framework has been implemented into practice remains largely under-evaluated. To help address this gap, Lynes et al. developed 21 benchmarks to assess CBSM programs. This research builds upon these benchmarks by using both the benchmarks and additional assessment criteria to assess five Canadian programs that have used CBSM principles. Focus: This paper is related to research and evaluation of community-based social marketing. Research Question: How has the CBSM theoretical framework been implemented in practice at the community level? Importance to the Social Marketing Field: By exploring how five Canadian programs have implemented CBSM, this paper enables practitioners to align their programs with CBSM principles more closely. It also contributes to the literature on CBSM effectiveness. Methods: Five qualitative case studies were assessed, each featuring a Canadian community program seeking to influence residential water efficiency behaviour. In order to systematically assess each program’s adherence to the CBSM theoretical framework, a CBSM benchmark assessment tool that proposes additional assessment criteria to Lynes et al.’s 21 benchmarks was developed. The assessment tool allowed for replicable benchmark assessments across multiple programs. Triangulation of data from both primary (survey and interview) and secondary (peer-reviewed literature, gray literature, and online reporting) data sources informed the assessment of each case study. Results: On average, over the five case studies, just over half of the 21 benchmark criteria were fully integrated into the programs, whereas just under a third were partially integrated, and approximately one fifth were not integrated at all. Recommendations for Research or Practice: While the benchmarks were fairly well integrated overall, this paper outlines several recommendations that programs may consider to improve alignment with the CBSM theoretical framework and benchmarks. Recommendations for future research to explore CBSM effectiveness are also made. Limitations: Lack of generalizability due to small sample size, unable to make assessments of programmatic success, and inherent limitations of the benchmark assessment tool.

Coping with the big data dump: Towards a framework for enhanced information representation

First Monday ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kratky ◽  
Virginia Kuhn ◽  
Jon Olav Eikenes
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Information Representation ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Efficient Access ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Multimodal Information

Easy and efficient access to large amounts of data has become an essential aspect of our everyday life. In this paper we investigate possibilities of supporting information representation through the combined use of multiple modalities of perceptions such as sight, touch and kinesthetics. We present a theoretical framework to analyze these approaches and exemplify our findings with case studies of three emergent projects. The results are a contribution to a larger discussion of multimodal information representation at the intersection of theory and practice.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of a Culturally Tailored Lifestyle Intervention for Chinese American Cancer Survivors

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327481989548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furjen Deng ◽  
Danhong Chen ◽  
Maria C. Swartz ◽  
Helen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Community Based

Although Asian Americans generally have the lowest cancer incidence rates and mortality rates, cancer is the leading cause of death among Asian Americans. The goal of this pilot study was to engage Chinese American cancer survivors (CACS) in systematic changes toward desired health behaviors through a healthy lifestyle intervention delivered by a community-based organization. The Reach out to ENhanceE Wellness (RENEW) program workbook was translated into Mandarin Chinese with additional physical activity (PA) and dietary information that are culturally appropriate (RENEW-C). Fifty-five Chinese cancer survivors were recruited from the greater Houston area to participate in this 50-week program and 50 of them completed both the baseline and postintervention surveys in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Paired sample t tests were used to assess changes in 5 groups of outcomes: (1) patient knowledge (measured by Health Education Impact Questionnaire [heiQ]), (2) dietary intake (Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour [ASA24] Dietary Assessment Tool), (3) PA (Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors [CHAMPS]), (4) body mass index, and (5) quality of life (36-item Short-Form Survey [SF-36]). Compared with the baseline, participants reported significantly higher consumption of vegetables and higher frequency of PAs at the postintervention survey. They also showed improved mental health and lower limitation in doing their work or other activities due to physical health or emotional problems. Despite the small sample size, this pilot study demonstrated the effectiveness of using a community-based participatory approach in a healthy lifestyle intervention tailored for CACS.

Inter-rater reliability of the Bereavement Risk Assessment Tool

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caelin Rose ◽  
Wendy Wainwright ◽  
Michael Downing ◽  
Mary Lesperance
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Initial Development

AbstractObjective:The Bereavement Risk Assessment Tool (BRAT) was designed to consistently communicate information affecting bereavement outcomes; to predict the risk for difficult or complicated bereavement based on information obtained before the death; to consider resiliency as well as risk; and to assist in the efficacy and consistency of bereavement service allocation. Following initial development of the BRAT's 40 items and its clinical use, this study set out to test the BRAT for inter-rater reliability along with some basic validity measures.Method:Case studies were designed based on actual patients and families from a hospice palliative care program. Bereavement professionals were recruited via the internet. Thirty-six participants assessed BRAT items in 10 cases and then estimated one of 5 levels of risk for each case. These were compared with an expert group's assignment of risk.Results:Inter-rater reliability for the 5-level risk scores yielded a Fleiss’ kappa of 0.37 and an intra-class correlation (ICC) of 0.68 (95% CI 0.5-0.9). By collapsing scores into low and high risk groups, a kappa of 0.63 and an ICC of 0.66 (95% CI 0.5-0.9) was obtained. Participant-estimated risk scores yielded a kappa of 0.24. Although opinion varied on the tool's length, participants indicated it was well organized and easy to use with potential in assessment and allocation of bereavement services. Limitations of the study include a small sample size and the use of case studies. Limitations of the tool include the subjectivity of some items and ambiguousness of unchecked items.Significance of results:The collapsed BRAT risk levels show moderately good inter-rater reliability over clinical judgement alone. This study provides introductory evidence of a tool that can be used both prior to and following a death and, in conjunction with professional judgment, can assess the likelihood of bereavement complications.

scholarly journals Pocket Guide to Health Promotion

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
James Woodall
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Activism ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
International Issues

The Pocket Guide to Health Promotion by Glenn Laverack is a book that has been written for the practitioner and undergraduate student market. The combination of communicating complex concepts in easy-to-understand ways and the use of international case studies to contextualise theory makes this a very attractive text. The book is expertly written by one of the leading commentators in the field and, reflecting the author’s expertise, the book is particularly strong on international issues; community-based health promotion; policy and health activism; and empowerment. While The Pocket Guide to Health Promotion is very comprehensive, it does stop short of discussing some issues – the book, for example, does not discuss behaviour change and social marketing in detail. However, the book remains a must have for practitioners and for undergraduate students studying courses with a health promotion element.

Human Rights and Community-led Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Cislaghi
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
West African ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Actual Change ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
Education And Development

How can we best empower people living in the most economically disadvantaged areas of the world to improve their lives in ways that matter to them? This book investigates work of the NGO Tostan as a working model of human development. The study is grounded in the ethnographic study of the actual change that happened in one West African village. The result is a powerful mix of theory and practice that questions existing approaches to development and that speaks to both development scholars and practitioners. Divided into three parts, the book firstly assesses why top-down approaches to education and development are unhelpful and offers a theoretical understanding of what constitutes helpful development. Part two examines Tostan's community-based participatory approach as an example of a helpful development intervention, and offers qualitative evidence of its effectiveness. Part three builds a model of how community-led development works, why it is helpful, and what practitioners can do to help people at the grassroots level lead their own human development.

Lost in Translation or a Work in Progress? Developing Desistance-Informed Youth Justice Practice in the Welsh Context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Deering ◽  
Jonathan Evans
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Practice Model ◽  
Case File ◽  
Justice Practice ◽  
Lost In Translation

Abstract This article draws upon empirical research conducted within a Welsh Youth Offending Service (YOS) in 2017–2018. It captured staff responses to the introduction of AssetPlus, an assessment tool intended to complement a corresponding move to desistance-informed practice. Given that YOSs are now expected to develop practice underpinned by desistance theories, the article focuses on how desistance theories were interpreted and translated into one YOS. It was concluded that the introduction of the new practice model suffered from inadequate planning and AssetPlus assessment did little to enhance this shift. In an exercise in Utopianism, the views of practitioners and managers were sought on what constituted ‘ideal’ practice with children in conflict with the law. The researchers found some evidence of support for holistic child-centred social work practice that addressed contextual factors. The study was conducted with a small sample of practitioners and operational managers, involving seven semi-structured interviews, two focus groups (a total of eighteen respondents), case file analysis, document reading and observation. Given the size of the sample, the findings are not regarded as generalisable, but rather as raising important issues and pointers for further research.

scholarly journals Community-Based Conservation for the Sustainable Management of Conservation Conflicts: Learning from Practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7557
Author(s):  
Juliette Claire Young ◽  
Justine Shanti Alexander ◽  
Ajay Bijoor ◽  
Deepshikha Sharma ◽  
Abhijit Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Strategic Support

We explore the role of community-based conservation (CBC) in the sustainable management of conservation conflicts by examining the experiences of conservation practitioners trying to address conflicts between snow leopard conservation and pastoralism in Asian mountains. Practitioner experiences are examined through the lens of the PARTNERS principles for CBC (Presence, Aptness, Respect, Transparency, Negotiation, Empathy, Responsiveness, and Strategic Support) that represent an inclusive conservation framework for effective and ethical engagement with local communities. Case studies from India, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Pakistan show that resilient relationships arising from respectful engagement and negotiation with local communities can provide a strong platform for robust conflict management. We highlight the heuristic value of documenting practitioner experiences in on-the-ground conflict management and community-based conservation efforts.

scholarly journals All Is Good, but Not Really: Daily Reports of Satisfaction With Home- and Community-Based Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 639-640
Author(s):  
Jyoti Savla ◽  
Karen Roberto ◽  
Aubrey Knight ◽  
Rosemary Blieszner ◽  
Brandy Renee McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Use ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Rural Caregivers ◽  
Service Expectations ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Barriers To Health ◽  
Community Based Services

Abstract An extensive body of literature documents correlates of and barriers to health service use, yet much less is known about satisfaction with home- and community-based services for persons with dementia (PwD). Daily diary data from 122 rural caregivers (CG) of PwD (814 daily diaries) were used to assess everyday service use experiences. At the last diary interview, CG identified areas where service use expectations were and were not being met. CGs reported problems with services used on fewer than 5% of study days (e.g., service provider was delayed because of car trouble). In contrast, 82% of CG identified areas where service expectations were not being met. Their most common concerns were lack of control over service availability and lack of adequate training among service providers. Recommendations for alternative ways for capturing service use satisfaction will be offered, and implications for theory and practice will be discussed.

scholarly journals Implementing the Mindfulness-Based Interventions; Teaching Assessment Criteria (MBI:TAC) in Mindfulness-Based Teacher Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 216495612199834
Author(s):  
GM Griffith ◽  
RS Crane ◽  
R Baer ◽  
E Fernandez ◽  
F Giommi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Effective Feedback ◽  
Teaching Assessment ◽  
Teaching Competence

The Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Teaching Assessment Criteria (MBI:TAC) was originally developed as a tool to assess the teaching competence of mindfulness-based program (MBP) teachers. The tool was made freely available and has since been used by mindfulness-based teacher training organisations internationally. During this time the MBI:TAC has evolved in its usage, from an assessment tool to one which informally supports how MBP teachers are trained. In this article, we first examine the rationale for implementing the MBI:TAC in MBP teacher training; second, we offer practical guidance on ways of integrating the tool into teacher training pathways with awareness of its potential and possible pitfalls; and third, we offer guidance on using the tool as a framework for giving effective feedback to trainees on their teaching practice. Implementing the MBI:TAC in teacher training may support the quality and integrity of MBP teacher training, and thus ensure high quality MBP teachers graduating. In turn this may help avoid the ‘implementation cliff’ – that is, the quality of an intervention delivery is delivered in optimal conditions when it is being researched, and drops in quality when delivered in sub-optimal, ‘real world’ conditions.

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