An Iterative Approach to Qualitative Data Analysis: Using Theme, Cultural Models, and Content Analyses to Discover and Confirm a Grounded Theory of How Gaming Inculcates Resilience

Field Methods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-415
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Snodgrass ◽  
Kaylin R. Clements ◽  
William Cody Nixon ◽  
Cynthia Ortega ◽  
Samantha Lauth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Video Gamers

We present a qualitative data analysis framework that integrates perspectives from theme analysis, cultural models analysis, grounded theory, and content analysis. We demonstrate how these research traditions are united in their aim to, first, uncover meaningful themes and, subsequently, to understand those themes’ relationships to each other. To illustrate our approach, we present research on video gamers’ understandings of productive and detrimental responses to failure. Initial themes, cultural models, and grounded theory analysis of 10 semi-structured interviews led us to the theory that video games help players learn to cope more productively with failure, which we confirmed in a subsequent content analysis of text extracts from an online survey ( N = 64). Overall, we propose that commonly employed approaches for analyzing qualitative data can be usefully conceptualized as research steps or stages, which move from the initial identification of themes to understanding their relationships, and from inductive exploration to deductive confirmation.

Operant Resources of Young Independent Travelers

2020 ◽  
pp. 286-312
Author(s):  
Ana Cláudia Campos ◽  
Sofia Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Independent Travel ◽  
Operant Resources

In this chapter, the construct of operant resource is explored in the context of young independent travel. The main purposes of the study are to analyze young travelers' perceptions about independent travel and operant resources that contribute the most to its success. A qualitative design was adopted, given the explorative nature of the research. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted to a sample of young travelers, using the snowball sampling procedure. Qualitative data analysis was conducted subsequently and main findings indicate that freedom, being in control, and authenticity are predominant feelings within this sample. They also show that most valued operant resources in the context of independent travel are informational and human. Conclusions drawn contribute to a better understanding of independent travel by youths and may help tourism businesses and destinations to strategically approach this market segment.

Introduction to Qualitative Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-172
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Constant Comparative ◽  
Analytic Induction

This chapter introduces readers to the basics of data analysis and the practical handling of open, axial, and selective coding within and outside the grounded theory. Readers are introduced to segmentation/reassembling, constant comparative, and analytic induction concepts in qualitative data analysis in the first section of this chapter. They should be able to trace the origin of coding of qualitative data in qualitative research. The stages of qualitative data analysis are discussed in the second section. The third section takes readers through the practical steps of open, axial, and selective coding, and detailed examples are given.

User Engagement in the Context of Qualitative Data Analysis Software

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. O'Brien ◽  
Raewynn Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis Software ◽  
Analyse De Contenu ◽  
Data Analysis Software

This research explores the qualitative researchers’ perceptions of computer assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) through content analysis of blogs. The purpose of this exploratory work is to understand the existing relationships that scholars have with CAQDAS, and how the use of these tools promotes or hinders engagement during the research process.Au moyen d’une analyse de contenu de blogues, cette recherche explore les perceptions qu’ont les chercheurs qui emploient des techniques qualitatives à l’égard d’un logiciel (CAQDAS) d’analyse de données qualitatives assistée par ordinateur. L’objectif de cette phase exploratoire est de comprendre la relation existante entre les chercheurs et CAQDAS et comment l’utilisation de ce type d’outils engendre ou empêche l’engagement durant le processus de recherche. 

Qualitative Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-223
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Grounded Theory Methodology ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Axial Coding

This chapter illustrates how to do qualitative data analysis. The principles of grounded theory methodology are taken as the main reference for developing a rigorous analysis of the data. Several examples and case studies are discussed to show the practicalities of qualitative data analysis. While explaining the mechanisms of qualitative data analysis, this chapter frames data analysis as part of the overall research process. Methods used in qualitative research give access to people's stories and experiences through language and captures the complexities of social processes. Grounded theory methodology is used to illustrate an approach to coding. Coding is about finding key themes in qualitative data in the form of a text and developing explanations of the research questions. Several approaches to coding—from open and axial coding to selective coding—are systematically presented. Issues of validity and reliability of qualitative data are also addressed within the overall process of research and data analysis leading to the writing-up.

scholarly journals Ensuring Rigor in Qualitative Data Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 160940691878636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Maher ◽  
Mark Hadfield ◽  
Maggie Hutchings ◽  
Adam de Eyto
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Software Packages

Deep and insightful interactions with the data are a prerequisite for qualitative data interpretation, in particular, in the generation of grounded theory. The researcher must also employ imaginative insight as they attempt to make sense of the data and generate understanding and theory. Design research is also dependent upon the researchers’ creative interpretation of the data. To support the research process, designers surround themselves with data, both as a source of empirical information and inspiration to trigger imaginative insights. Constant interaction with the data is integral to design research methodology. This article explores a design researchers approach to qualitative data analysis, in particular, the use of traditional tools such as colored pens, paper, and sticky notes with the CAQDAS software, NVivo for analysis, and the associated implications for rigor. A design researchers’ approach which is grounded in a practice which maximizes researcher data interaction in a variety of learning modalities ensures the analysis process is rigorous and productive. Reflection on the authors’ research analysis process, combined with consultation with the literature, would suggest digital analysis software packages such as NVivo do not fully scaffold the analysis process. They do, however, provide excellent data management and retrieval facilities that support analysis and write-up. This research finds that coding using traditional tools such as colored pens, paper, and sticky notes supporting data analysis combined with digital software packages such as NVivo supporting data management offer a valid and tested analysis method for grounded theory generation. Insights developed from exploring a design researchers approach may benefit researchers from other disciplines engaged in qualitative analysis.

scholarly journals Directed qualitative content analysis: the description and elaboration of its underpinning methods and data analysis process

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolghader Assarroudi ◽  
Fatemeh Heshmati Nabavi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Armat ◽  
Abbas Ebadi ◽  
Mojtaba Vaismoradi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Descriptive Knowledge

Qualitative content analysis consists of conventional, directed and summative approaches for data analysis. They are used for provision of descriptive knowledge and understandings of the phenomenon under study. However, the method underpinning directed qualitative content analysis is insufficiently delineated in international literature. This paper aims to describe and integrate the process of data analysis in directed qualitative content analysis. Various international databases were used to retrieve articles related to directed qualitative content analysis. A review of literature led to the integration and elaboration of a stepwise method of data analysis for directed qualitative content analysis. The proposed 16-step method of data analysis in this paper is a detailed description of analytical steps to be taken in directed qualitative content analysis that covers the current gap of knowledge in international literature regarding the practical process of qualitative data analysis. An example of “the resuscitation team members' motivation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation” based on Victor Vroom's expectancy theory is also presented. The directed qualitative content analysis method proposed in this paper is a reliable, transparent, and comprehensive method for qualitative researchers. It can increase the rigour of qualitative data analysis, make the comparison of the findings of different studies possible and yield practical results.

scholarly journals Comprehensive and Clear: A Review of H. Russell Bernard and G.W. Ryan's Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Victor
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Schema Analysis

In their book Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches, Bernard and Ryan (2010) present a thorough review of qualitative data analysis. Main topic areas include data collection, coding, development of themes, qualitative analysis of words and detailed descriptions of grounded theory, content analysis, and schema analysis. This book is applicable and appropriate for a variety of professionals in the social sciences.

scholarly journals Narrating Literacy Practices at an Urban Secondary School in Surabaya

JET ADI BUANA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Fajar Susanto ◽  
Irfan Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Literacy Programme ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Urban Secondary School

This study is aimed at narrating the implementation of literacy programme at an urban secondary school in Surabaya, focusing of how the school integrates and accommodates the concept of multilingualism (Java, Indonesian Language, English, French, and Japan) on its creative application and how the integration and accommodation of multilingual literacy is carried out on the day-to-day literacy practices. Drawing on qualitative data analysis gathered mainly through semi structured interviews with four teachers and two students and observations, the research findings suggest that school literacy programme is not only aimed at socializing and habituating the literacy culture within the school, but literacy programme facilitates spaces to accommodate the students’ creativity in the literacy practices through their participation, involvement and engagement in designing, managing and disseminating the school programme. It can be argued, therefore, that the literacy programme at the school transcends the expectations of the school in which the initial thought and expectation are only within the boundary of socializing and habituating the literacy culture within the school, but it transforms into more advance creative spaces for the students to learn languages and gain 21 century skills.

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