Gamma radiation shielding effectiveness of cellular woven fabrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Özdemir ◽  
Berkay Camgöz
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Fabric Thickness ◽  
Core Yarn ◽  
Shielding Material

Lead-shielding products, such as lead aprons, are important materials for personal protection of physicians and patients from X-ray (gamma) radiation during medical operations. However, lead has environmental disadvantages such as high toxicity. The aim of this study was to manufacture an environmentally friendly and flexible textile-based radiation shielding material. In this work, 3/1 twill and some cellular woven fabrics were produced with conductive core yarns, and gamma radiation shielding effectiveness of these cellular woven fabrics were investigated and compared with that of the 3/1 twill woven fabric, which are commonly used as uniforms and were not studied previously in any other literature. The effects of weave on the structural characteristics of fabric such as the conductive weft yarn density, fabric thickness, and fullness were analyzed graphically and statistically. It is observed that with indenting and protruding, structure cellular woven fabrics performed better gamma radiation shielding performance than the 3/1 twill woven fabrics. The sample B1, woven with cellular weave 1, has the highest gamma radiation shielding effectiveness, thanks to the highest fabric thickness. In addition, the increase in the conductive core yarn density improved the gamma radiation shielding effectiveness of the woven fabrics.

scholarly journals The gamma radiation shielding effectiveness of textured steel yarn based fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
ÖZDEMIR HAKAN ◽  
CAMGÖZ BERKAY
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Shielding ◽  
Shielding Material

Lead aprons that are lead-shielding products are generally used for personal protection of physicians and patients from X-ray (gamma) radiation during medical operations; lead has environmental disadvantages, with high toxicity, though. Therefore, the aim of this research was to produce an environmentally friendly and flexible textile-based radiation shielding material. In this work, 2/2 twill, 3/1 twill, Herringbone, Whipcord, which are twill derivatives, Barathea and Crêpe woven fabrics, which are sateen derivatives, woven with textured steel yarns, which have soft feeling and flexibility, and gamma radiation shielding effectiveness of these fabrics were investigated and were not studied in the references. The effects of fabric structural characteristics such as weave, conductive weft yarn density, fabric thickness and porosity on these properties were analysed graphically and statistically. It is observed that with the biggest thicknesses and lowest porosities, Barathea and Crêpe woven fabrics performed better gamma radiation shielding performance than other woven fabrics. The samples F1 and E1, woven with Barathea and Crêpe weave, have the highest gamma radiation shielding effectiveness, thanks to the highest fabric thicknesses and lowest porosities. In addition, the increases of textured steel yarn density improved the gamma radiation shielding effectiveness of woven fabrics.

Comparison of Lead, Copper and Aluminium as Gamma Radiation Shielding Material through Experimental Measurements and Simulation Using MCNP Version 4c

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 20193-20206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Akhlak Bin Aziz ◽  
Md. Faisal Rahman ◽  
Md. Mahidul Haque Prodhan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Simulation Monte Carlo ◽  
Shielding Material ◽  
Code Version

The paper compares  Lead, Copper and Aluminium as gamma radiation shielding material using both experimental and simulation techniques. Cs- 137 (662KeV), Na-22 (511KeV) and Na- 22(1274KeV) were used as gamma radiation sources and a sodium iodide (NaI) detector was used to detect the radiation. Variations were noted for detected gamma count rates by changing shielding material thickness. In the experimental approach, thickness was varied by placing sheets of a particular test material one by one. For simulation, Monte Carlo n- Particle (MCNP) code version 4c was used and the geometry of the whole experimental setup was plotted in it. The results were then compared for each test material and it was found that lead is the best shielding material for gamma radiation followed by copper and aluminium.

Manufacturing Process and Property Evaluation of Functional Composite Yarn-Dyed Woven Fabrics Made from Bamboo Charcoal/Stainless Steel and TPU

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.I. Huang ◽  
C.I. Su ◽  
Ching Wen Lou ◽  
Wen Hao Hsing ◽  
Jia Horng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
Functional Composite ◽  
Composite Yarn ◽  
Composite Fabrics

Recently, development of technology increases human life quality and gradually raises the value of health protection in human’s concept. Bamboo has multi-functional including far infrared radiation, deodorization and anion generation. Therefore, bamboo charcoal has been widely used in textile industry. Moreover, development of technology also increased the electromagnetic hazard in human’s daily life. This study aims to develop a manufacturing process of functional composite yarn-dyed woven fabrics. In the manufacturing process, the materials included pure cotton yarn, stainless steel fiber(called metallic yarn) and viscose rayon yarn containing bamboo charcoal (called bamboo charcoal yarn) were used for making the bamboo charcoal/stainless steel composite woven fabric. The composite woven fabrics were woven by using same warp yarn and two kinds of weft yarn that contained bamboo charcoal and stainless steel. The composite fabrics had two different structures. Those fabrics were changed the order of bamboo charcoal yarn and metallic yarn. The ratios of weft yarn were 1 end of bamboo charcoal yarn to 1 end of metallic yarn and 3 ends of bamboo charcoal yarn to 1 end of metallic yarn. Furthermore, the fabrication of composite fabrics that included plain, 2/2 twill and dobby were changed. The composite woven fabrics were finished and laminated by TPU film to enhance the waterproof and vapor permeable functions. The laminated composite fabrics were evaluated by far-infrared coefficient, anion generation rate, water vapor permeability, water resistance, surface electric resistance and electromagnetic shelter property to obtained optimal manufacturing process.

scholarly journals Surface Characteristics of Seersucker Woven Fabrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Matusiak ◽  
Vladimir Bajzik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Surface Parameters

AbstractThe surface characteristics of fabrics are important from the point of view of the sensorial comfort of clothing users. Surface friction and surface roughness are the most important surface parameters of fabrics. These parameters can be measured using different methods, the most important and well-accepted method being that using the Kawabata evaluation system (KES)-FB4 testing instrument. In this work, the surface roughness and surface friction of the seersucker woven fabric have been determined using the KES-FB4. However, the measurement procedure needs modification. On the basis of the results, the influence of the repeat of the seersucker effect and the linear density of the weft yarn on the surface parameters has been determined.

The effects of the structural parameters of three-dimensional warp interlock woven fabrics with silver-based hybrid yarns on electromagnetic shielding behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1354-1371
Author(s):  
Marzieh Javadi Toghchi ◽  
Carmen Loghin ◽  
Irina Cristian ◽  
Christine Campagne ◽  
Pascal Bruniaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Conductive Material ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Multifilament Yarns

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the increase in the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of a set of five variants of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock woven fabrics containing silver multifilament yarns arranged in a 3D orthogonal grid. The EMSE enlargement as a factor of increasing the quantity of the conductive material per unit area was investigated. The quantity of the conductive material per unit area in a 3D woven fabric can be enlarged by increasing either the yarn undulation or the number of conductive yarn systems, while the yarn density and yarn fineness are fixed. Thus, the binding depth of the conductive warp was gradually increased for the first four variants in order to increase the yarn undulation. Alternatively, the conductive weft system was doubled for the last variant with the aim of increasing the quantity of the conductive component. It should be noted that changing the weave structure requires less effort and energy while keeping the same threading of warps in the reed compared to altering the warp density. The EMSE was measured in an anechoic chamber and the shielding was satisfactory for all the variants in the frequency range of 1–6 GHz (19–44 dB). The results revealed that increasing only 7% of the waviness degree of the conductive warps led to 17% EMSE improvement due to increasing of the conductive yarns through the thickness of the variants. Moreover, no upward EMSE was detected for the last variant, despite the fact that the conductive weft system was doubled.

Shaped Seamless Woven Garments

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam ◽  
Sanaa S. Saleh ◽  
Mamdouh Y. Sharkas ◽  
Heba Z. AbouHashish
Keyword(s):  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Yarn Tension ◽  
Differential Shrinkage ◽  
Fabric Construction ◽  
The Relationship

A range of intricate finished seamless shaped garments have been developed with the aim to fit predetermined sizes. The shape is created by using woven tubular fabrics with differential shrinkage in the same garment. The differential shrinkage is obtained by altering the fabric construction parameters at strategic locations along the length of the garment. The construction arameters include different weaves (plain, 2/2 basket, 1/3 twill, 2/2 twill, and crowfoot), weft densities, weft yarn counts, and weft yarns with different shrinkages (cotton, cotton that contains spandex, and cotton/polyester yarns). The weft yarn tension is used as an additional parameter to influence fabric shrinkage. A total of thirty-three woven fabrics are formed to establish the relationship between the construction parameters, weft tension, and shrinkage of the finished woven fabric. The relationship is used to produce a range of intricate garments with inherent shapes and predetermined sizes.

Effect of weave structure on the slicing cut resistance of woven fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1477-1494
Author(s):  
Magdi El Messiry ◽  
Shaimaa El-Tarfawy
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Cutting Processes

Cutting processes using blades have found applications in many industries; for example, in garments, fiber–polymer composites, and high-performance fabric forming. In recent decades, the process of cutting the material using a robotic-controlled blade has raised concern about the value of the pressure and the cut force required for a certain type of woven fabric and the estimation of its value before the pressing and cutting process. A simple theoretical relation was established based on the fabric structure and yarn shear stress. The model formulation and experimental results to describe the basic theory of blade cutting fracture for woven fabric of different designs was derived. In this work, the experimental investigation of the effect of the fabric specifications, normal load, and the cutting speed on the cutting force was carried out, which indicates that the value of the specific cutting resistance of the fabric was found to be highly correlated with the fabric structure, warp and weft yarn count, Young’s modulus of the fabric, and fractional cover factors ratio ζ.

scholarly journals The effects of metal type, number of layers, and hybrid yarn placement on the absorption and reflection properties in electromagnetic shielding of woven fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501986096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkan Özkan ◽  
Abdurrahman Telli
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Hybrid Yarn ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Absorbed Power ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness

In this study, stainless steel, copper, and silver wires were intermingled with two polyamide 6.6 filaments through the commingling technique to produce three-component hybrid yarns. The produced hybrid yarns were used as weft in the structure of plain woven fabric samples. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness parameters of samples were measured in the frequency range of 0.8–5.2 GHz by the free space technique. The effects of metal hybrid yarn placement, number of fabric layers, metal types, and wave polarization on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and absorption and reflection properties of the woven fabrics were analyzed statistically at low and high frequencies separately. As a result, the samples have no shielding property in the warp direction. Metal types show no statistically significant effect on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. However, fabrics containing stainless steel have a higher absorption power ratio than copper and silver samples. Double-layer samples have higher electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values than single-layer fabrics in both frequency ranges. However, the number of layers does not have a significant effect on the absorbed and reflected power in the range of 0.8–2.6 GHz. There was a significant difference above 2.6 GHz frequency for absorbed power ratio. An increase in the density of hybrid yarns in the fabric structure leads to an increase in the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values. Two-metal placement has a higher absorbed power than the full and one-metal placements, respectively. The samples which have double layers and including metal wire were in their all wefts reached the maximum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values for stainless steel (78.70 dB), copper (72.69 dB), and silver composite (57.50 dB) fabrics.

Multi-Functional Metallic/FIR-PET Wrapped Yarn and Woven Fabric: Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness, Mechanical and Electrical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Horng Lin ◽  
Ting An Lin ◽  
Chien Teng Hsieh ◽  
Jan Yi Lin ◽  
Ching Wen Lou
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Surface Resistivity ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness

This study uses 0.08mm copper wire and nickel-coated copper wire as the core and 75 D far infrared filament as the wrapped material to manufacture Cu/FIR-PET wrapped yarn, Ni-Cu/FIR-PET wrapped yarn and Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET wrapped yarn. The three optimum metallic/FIR-PET wrapped yarns are then weaving into Cu/FIR-PET woven fabrics, Ni-Cu/FIR-PET woven fabrics and Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET woven fabrics. Tensile property of metallic/FIR-PET wrapped yarns, electrical resistance of metallic/FIR-PET wrapped yarns, surface resistivity of metallic/FIR-PET woven fabrics and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of metallic/FIR-PET woven fabric are discussed. According to the results, the optimum tenacity and elongation are chosen as 7 turns/ cm, electrical resistance of Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET wrapped presents the best value, Cu/FIR-PET woven fabric has the lowest surface resistivity and Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET woven fabric shows the best EMSE at 37.61 dB when the laminating-layer number is double layer and laminating at 90 ̊. In this study, three kinds of metallic/FIR-PET woven fabrics are successfully manufactured and looking forward to applying on industrial domains.

Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness and Manufacture Technique of Functional Bamboo Charcoal/Metal Composite Woven

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Pang Chen ◽  
Chin Mei Lin ◽  
Ching Wen Lin ◽  
Chien Teng Hsieh ◽  
Ching Wen Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far Infrared ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Core Yarn ◽  
Metal Wires ◽  
Incident Waves ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness

In order to fabricate textiles with electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) and far infrared emissivity, we fabricated bamboo charcoal/metal (BC/M) composite wrapped yarns with metal wires (stainless steel wires or copper wires) as the core yarn and bamboo charcoal textured yarn as the wrapped yarns using a rotor twister machine. The optimum manufacture parameters included: the speed of the rotor twister was 8000 rpm and the wrapped amounts of the BC/M composite wrapped yarns were 4 turns/cm. The BC/M composite wrapped yarns were made into the BC/M composite woven fabrics using a loom machine. Moreover, we tested the BC/M composite woven fabrics in EMSE and then changed the lamination angles. When the lamination amount was 6, laminated angles were 0°/45°/90°/-45°/0°/45°, 0°/ 90°/0°/ 90°/0°/ 90°, and the frequencies of the incident waves were between 1.83 and 3 GHz, the EMSE of the BC/M composite woven fabrics reached 50 to 60 dB which was satisfactory.

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