Role of Thiamine in Alzheimer's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 588-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh vinh quốc Lu’o’ng ◽  
Lan Thi Hoàng Nguyễn
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Promoter Gene ◽  
Progressive Neurodegeneration ◽  
The Relationship

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly individuals and is associated with progressive neurodegeneration of the human neocortex. Thiamine levels and the activity of thiamine-dependent enzymes are reduced in the brains and peripheral tissues of patients with AD. Genetic studies have provided the opportunity to determine what proteins link thiamine to AD pathology (ie, transketolase, apolipoprotein E, α-1-antitrypsin, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, p53, glycogen synthetase kinase-3β, c-Fos gene, the Sp1 promoter gene, and the poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase-1 gene). We reviewed the association between histopathogenesis and neurotransmitters to understand the relationship between thiamine and AD pathology. Oral thiamine trials have been shown to improve the cognitive function of patients with AD; however, absorption of thiamine is poor in elderly individuals. In the early stage of thiamine-deficient encephalopathy (Wernicke’s encephalopathy), however, parental thiamine has been used successfully. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the benefits of using parental thiamine as a treatment for AD.

scholarly journals Relationship of Wine Consumption with Alzheimer’s Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reale ◽  
Costantini ◽  
Jagarlapoodi ◽  
Khan ◽  
Belwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most threatening neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by the loss of memory and language function, an unbalanced perception of space, and other cognitive and physical manifestations. The pathology of AD is characterized by neuronal loss and the extensive distribution of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The role of environment and the diet in AD is being actively studied, and nutrition is one of the main factors playing a prominent role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the relationship between dementia and wine use/abuse has received increased research interest, with varying and often conflicting results. Scope and Approach: With this review, we aimed to critically summarize the main relevant studies to clarify the relationship between wine drinking and AD, as well as how frequency and/or amount of drinking may influence the effects. Key Findings and Conclusions: Overall, based on the interpretation of various studies, no definitive results highlight if light to moderate alcohol drinking is detrimental to cognition and dementia, or if alcohol intake could reduce risk of developing AD.

scholarly journals The potential role for sphingolipids in neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Alessenko
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
The Brain

The review discusses the functional role of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Certain evidence exist that the imbalance of sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin, ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and galactosylceramide in the brain of animals and humans, in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease play a crucial role in neuronal function by regulating growth, differentiation and cell death in CNS. Activation of sphingomyelinase, which leads to the accumulation of the proapoptotic agent, ceramide, can be considered as a new mechanism for AD and may be a prerequisite for the treatment of this disease by using drugs that inhibit sphingomyelinase activity. The role of sphingolipids as biomarkers for the diagnosis of the early stage of Alzheimer's disease and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment with new drugs is discussed.

scholarly journals Neurogranin and Neuronal Pentraxin Receptor as Synaptic Dysfunction Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4575
Author(s):  
Maciej Dulewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik ◽  
Agnieszka Słowik ◽  
Renata Borawska ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Synaptic Dysfunction ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Synaptic Loss ◽  
Neuronal Pentraxin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Xmap Technology

Synaptic loss and dysfunction are one of the earliest signs of neurodegeneration associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It seems that by assessing proteins related to synapses, one may reflect their dysfunction and improve the understanding of neurobiological processes in the early stage of the disease. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes the CSF concentrations of two synaptic proteins together, such as neurogranin (Ng) and neuronal pentraxins receptor (NPTXR) in relation to neurochemical dementia biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Ng, NPTXR and classical AD biomarkers concentrations were measured in the CSF of patients with AD and non-demented controls (CTRL) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Luminex xMAP technology. Results: The CSF level of Ng was significantly higher, whereas the NPTXR was significantly lower in the AD patients than in cognitively healthy controls. As a first, we calculated the NPTXR/Ng ratio as an indicator of synaptic disturbance. The patients with AD presented a significantly decreased NPTXR/Ng ratio. The correlation was observed between both proteins in the AD and the whole study group. Furthermore, the relationship between the Ng level and pTau181 was found in the AD group of patients. Conclusions: The Ng and NPTXR concentrations in CSF are promising synaptic dysfunction biomarkers reflecting pathological changes in AD.

Molecular Insight into the Crosstalk of UPS Components and Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1193-1201
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Mosiqur Rahman ◽  
Sonia Zaman ◽  
Mst Shirajum Munira ◽  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cellular Proteins ◽  
Synaptic Dysfunction ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

: The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) targets various cellular proteins for degradation. It has been found that defects in the UPS play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the existence of Ub immunoreactivity in AD-linked neuronal inclusions, including neurofibrillary tangles, is observed in all types of AD cases. Current investigations have shown that components of the UPS can be connected with the early stage of AD, which is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, and to the late phases of the disease, marked by neurodegeneration. Although the significance of UPS in the pathogenesis of AD has been emphasized, targeted treatment at the main components of these pathways has a great perspective in advancing new therapeutic interventions for AD. In this review, we emphasize the relationship between UPS and AD pathology. We also represent the recent therapeutic advancements targeting UPS components in AD.

scholarly journals Involvement of Cholinergic, Adrenergic, and Glutamatergic Network Modulation with Cognitive Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2283
Author(s):  
Yu-Jung Cheng ◽  
Chieh-Hsin Lin ◽  
Hsien-Yuan Lane
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The number of AD cases has been rapidly growing worldwide. Several the related etiological hypotheses include atypical amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles of tau proteins inside neurons, disturbed neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. During AD progression, aberrations in neurotransmission cause cognitive decline—the main symptom of AD. Here, we review the aberrant neurotransmission systems, including cholinergic, adrenergic, and glutamatergic network, and the interactions among these systems as they pertain to AD. We also discuss the key role of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction in AD-associated cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we summarize the results of recent studies indicating that increasing glutamatergic neurotransmission through the alteration of NMDARs shows potential for treating cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment or early stage AD. Future studies on the long-term efficiency of NMDA-enhancing strategies in the treatment of AD are warranted.

Use of the Clock Drawing Task in the Diagnosis of Mild and Very Mild Alzheimer's Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Lee ◽  
Gregory R. J. Swanwick ◽  
Robert F. Coen ◽  
Brian A. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Task ◽  
Severity Of Dementia ◽  
Normal Controls

The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the clock drawing task (CDT) in differentiating between patients with mild and very mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls. Thirty normal elderly individuals and 30 patients with probable AD were entered into the study and asked, in a standard fashion, to draw a clock from memory. All the clocks were scored according to two previously described standardized scoring systems, and the accuracy of classification into normal or AD groups was determined. Both CDT scales could discriminate between moderate AD and normal aging but lacked sensitivity in the very mild AD cases; mild cases showed intermediate sensitivity. In conclusion, the CDT as a test for AD is insensitive in the early-stage cases, but sensitivity improves with increasing severity of dementia. The CDT is unlikely to be useful in distinguishing between AD in its early stages and normal aging.

O3-13-04: FUNCTIONAL EEG BIOMARKER BATTERY FOR EARLY-STAGE PREDICTION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IN ASYMPTOMATIC, AT-RISK, AMYLOID-POSITIVE ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. P235-P236
Author(s):  
Hovagim Bakardjian ◽  
Harald Hampel ◽  
Michel Thiebaut de Schotten ◽  
Simone Lista ◽  
Stéphane Epelbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Elderly Individuals
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