Abstract
Objectives
Food literacy, the interrelated knowledge, skills, and behaviors needed to successfully navigate a complex food-choice environment, has yet to be formally explored in athletes. However, it is important for this population to understand and apply specialized food-related recommendations to optimize health and performance outcomes. The goal of this study was to develop and test the validity of the Sports Food Literacy Assessment Tool (SFLAT) to evaluate food literacy concepts relevant to National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes.
Methods
The SFLAT was developed based on current food literacy definitions, items from validated food literacy and sports nutrition knowledge assessment tools, and current sports nutrition recommendations. Content validity was assessed using a 2-round modified Delphi expert panel of Registered Dietitians (RDs, n = 16) who gave comments and rated items based on importance. Content Validity Ratios (CVRs) were calculated for each item based on these ratings and used along with participant comments to improve items after each round of rating. In-depth interviews (n = 5) and written comments (n = 6) from collegiate athletes were used to assess face validity, and feedback was used to improve item wording and clarity.
Results
The first draft of the SFLAT contained demographic, food frequency, behavior frequency, self-efficacy, and nutrition knowledge questions. The expert panel of RDs had 2 to 27 years of experience working with NCAA Division I athletes. Their expert feedback led to addition, adjustment, and removal of items, and an increase in average CVR of the SFLAT from 0.58 to 0.68. Comprehension was high among face validity participants, all of which were NCAA Division 1 collegiate athletes. Comments were used to make minimal wording changes and combine two questions. The final draft of the SFLAT contained 108 items.
Conclusions
The SFLAT has adequate content and face validity and, with further reliability tests, may be used to identify gaps in food choice-related knowledge, skills, and behaviors specific to collegiate athletes, which can inform the development of more effective nutrition interventions in this population.
Funding Sources
No funding.