Supporting Families with Children Who Display Severe Challenging Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 154079692110198
Author(s):  
V. Mark Durand
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Assessments ◽  
Families With Children

Over the past several decades, we have developed quality behavioral assessments and interventions for challenging behaviors among individuals with a variety of severe developmental and cognitive disorders. These assessments and interventions have been used to educate family members on how to understand and intervene with these behaviors at home and in community settings. However, it has become clear that many families are not able to carry out these procedures adequately. This case describes recent work that is designed to support families so that they can assist their challenging children. Fortunately, we have been able to demonstrate a way of looking at parental difficulties and have designed interventions for families so that they are better able to implement successful behavioral assessments and interventions. We will describe a concession process that can help explain these parental obstacles and can aid with creating specific supports to assist families struggling with these difficulties. We also discuss future directions for follow-up research.

Return of the “Intimate Outsider”

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Ganong
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Research To Practice ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Family Nursing

This article reviews family nursing research published from 1996 to 2011. This is a follow-up to a review published in the Journal of Family Nursing in 1995. Findings from the first review are compared with this one, trends in family nursing scholarship are identified, and predictions and suggestions for future directions are offered. The latest generation of family nursing scholarship is conceptually and methodologically sound, and there is evidence of more multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research conducted by family nursing researchers. Scholars are paying more attention to issues of diversity and family context at present than in the past, although there are still aspects of diversity that need more attention. Strong research programs in family nursing exist worldwide; an international synergism has helped promote rapid expansion of family nursing research and theory development. A vigorous movement to promote research to practice initiatives and greater attention to family interventions are exciting developments.

Function-Based Interventions for Children With Challenging Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Dunlap ◽  
Lise Fox
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Early Childhood Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Childhood Intervention

It is now axiomatic that challenging behaviors are defined more profitably by their functions (their motivations) than by their topographies (what they look like). The notion that challenging behaviors can be defined on the basis of their function has led in the past 30 years to a dramatically reconfigured approach to assessment and intervention. This article provides a description of the conceptual and historical foundations of function-based interventions, with an emphasis on the significance of these developments for the field of early childhood intervention. In addition, the authors consider some of the major issues related to challenging behaviors for current practice and future research.

Family-Based Practices to Promote Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-352
Author(s):  
Laura Lee McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Parenting Skills ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Behavioral Challenges ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Families With Children

Abstract Interventions that promote parent and child well-being in families with children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are important, given the caregiving burden often associated with supporting children with developmental and behavioral challenges. This article summarizes a presentation made at the 2019 AAIDD annual conference and reviews evidence-based interventions that promote parenting skills, enhance caregiver well-being, and reduce child challenging behavior. The article reviews the role that behavioral and mindfulness-based interventions play in enhancing family well-being. A discussion of research gaps and future directions is included, especially as they relate to the role of technology in scaling up interventions and making them accessible to a broader audience.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

Comparison and Analysis of Computational Methods for Identifying N6 - methyladenosine Sites in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengmian Feng ◽  
Lijing Feng ◽  
Chaohui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past

Background and Purpose: N 6 -methyladenosine (m6A) plays critical roles in a broad set of biological processes. Knowledge about the precise location of m6A site in the transcriptome is vital for deciphering its biological functions. Although experimental techniques have made substantial contributions to identify m6A, they are still labor intensive and time consuming. As good complements to experimental methods, in the past few years, a series of computational approaches have been proposed to identify m6A sites. Methods: In order to facilitate researchers to select appropriate methods for identifying m6A sites, it is necessary to give a comprehensive review and comparison on existing methods. Results: Since researches on m6A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are relatively clear, in this review, we summarized recent progresses on computational prediction of m6A sites in S. cerevisiae and assessed the performance of existing computational methods. Finally, future directions of computationally identifying m6A sites were presented. Conclusion: Taken together, we anticipate that this review will provide important guides for computational analysis of m 6A modifications.

scholarly journals The Use of Autogenous Teeth for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
João Cenicante ◽  
João Botelho ◽  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
José João Mendes ◽  
Paulo Mascarenhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ridge Preservation ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alveolar Ridge Preservation ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Teeth Extraction

Alveolar ridge resorption is a natural consequence of teeth extraction, with unpleasant aesthetic and functional consequences that might compromise a future oral rehabilitation. To minimize the biological consequences of alveolar ridge resorption, several surgical procedures have been designed, the so-called alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) techniques. One important characteristic is the concomitant use of biomaterial in ARP. In the past decade, autogenous teeth as a bone graft material in post-extraction sockets have been proposed with very interesting outcomes, yet with different protocols of preparation. Here we summarize the available evidence on autogenous teeth as a biomaterial in ARP, its different protocols and future directions.

scholarly journals Small Molecule Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Zhaoyu Chen ◽  
Qinghua Cui ◽  
Michael Caffrey ◽  
Lijun Rong ◽  
Ruikun Du
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Small Molecule Inhibitors ◽  
Virus Entry ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past

Hemagglutinin (HA) plays a critical role during influenza virus receptor binding and subsequent membrane fusion process, thus HA has become a promising drug target. For the past several decades, we and other researchers have discovered a series of HA inhibitors mainly targeting its fusion machinery. In this review, we summarize the advances in HA-targeted development of small molecule inhibitors. Moreover, we discuss the structural basis and mode of action of these inhibitors, and speculate upon future directions toward more potent inhibitors of membrane fusion and potential anti-influenza drugs.

Penile Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma: A Rare Case With PD-L1 Expression

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692098834
Author(s):  
Raquel Machado-Neves ◽  
Bernardo Teixeira ◽  
Elsa Fonseca ◽  
Pedro Valente ◽  
Joaquim Lindoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Case ◽  
Lymphoplasmacytic Infiltrate

Most malignant tumors of the penis are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), being divided in 2 groups, one human papillomavirus (HPV)-related and another non-HPV-related, with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) being one of the rarest HPV-related SCC. In this article, we report a case of a 50-year-old man who presented testicular swelling and pain for the past 3 months. A penile mass was identified, and the patient was submitted to a total penectomy. The penectomy specimen showed an ulcerated lesion at the glans reaching the cavernous bodies. Microscopic examination showed undifferentiated epithelial cells with syncytial growth pattern mix with a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, consistent with LELC. The tumor cells expressed p16 and all 3 different clones of PDL1 (22C3, SP263, and SP142). The patient is alive and well with a follow-up of 3 months. To our knowledge, this is the third LELC of the penis reported in literature and the first case reported with PDL1 expression.

scholarly journals The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Adrian S. Monthony ◽  
Serena R. Page ◽  
Mohsen Hesami ◽  
Andrew Maxwell P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Type

The recent legalization of Cannabis sativa L. in many regions has revealed a need for effective propagation and biotechnologies for the species. Micropropagation affords researchers and producers methods to rapidly propagate insect-/disease-/virus-free clonal plants and store germplasm and forms the basis for other biotechnologies. Despite this need, research in the area is limited due to the long history of prohibitions and restrictions. Existing literature has multiple limitations: many publications use hemp as a proxy for drug-type Cannabis when it is well established that there is significant genotype specificity; studies using drug-type cultivars are predominantly optimized using a single cultivar; most protocols have not been replicated by independent groups, and some attempts demonstrate a lack of reproducibility across genotypes. Due to culture decline and other problems, the multiplication phase of micropropagation (Stage 2) has not been fully developed in many reports. This review will provide a brief background on the history and botany of Cannabis as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of Cannabis tissue culture. Special attention will be paid to current challenges faced by researchers, the limitations of existing Cannabis micropropagation studies, and recent developments and future directions of Cannabis tissue culture technologies.

Positive Behavioral Support: New Foci in the Management of Challenging Behaviors

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Positive Behavioral Support ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Functional Assessments ◽  
Positive Intervention

Individuals with visual impairments and multiple disabilities often exhibit severe problem behaviors that interfere with their acquisition of skills, limit access to integrated community settings, and cause harm to themselves or others. This article describes a new approach to behavioral control that uses positive intervention strategies, bases treatment on functional assessments of challenging responses, and emphasizes broad changes in the life-styles of individuals.

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