Saddle Seats for Tractor Drivers – A Conceptual Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (22) ◽  
pp. 624-627
Author(s):  
Kurt Öberg ◽  
Anna Torén ◽  
Malin Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Free Rotation ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Seat Comfort ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Agricultural Tractors ◽  
The One

Tractor drivers have quite often musculoskeletal problems because of bad sitting postures. It has been found that a good sitting posture is the one obtained when sitting on a horse with the hips in a muscle balanced rest position of 45°. A natural curvature of the spine is acquired as well as a perfectly balanced position in which the body obtains a good position of the centre of gravity. To improve the sitting posture of the driver of agricultural tractors, different types of saddle seats were adapted to fit in a tractor, and tested upon their comfort, work function and sitting posture. The saddle seats occupied less space in the horizontal plane compared to the conventional chair, and they were rotating freely during driving. Ten subjects employed as tractor drivers volunteered for the study. They harrowed and ploughed with three different saddle seats and one conventional tractor chair. Questions on experienced chair comfort and work function were asked. The drivers were video filmed from above and from the side in order to register their sitting posture. On a scale from 1 to 5 the conventional chair received a mean score of 3.6 and the saddle seats received mean score around 2. The difference is regarded to depend on differences in seat comfort. The saddle seats free rotation was mainly used during ploughing and reduced the spinal twisting 50%. The seat height adjusted by the tractor drivers was for the saddle seats 13 cm higher than for the conventional chair. This meant that the drivers received a sitting posture advantageous for the spine curvature. A future design of a tractor chair should have the possibility of varying raised sitting posture and free rotation. The seat should have a shape which gives a better seat comfort than any of the tested saddle seats.

scholarly journals Mental Preparation of Students Preceding the Course

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Alice Florentin
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Teacher College ◽  
Inner Experiences ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Mental Preparation ◽  
Muscular Development ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Abstract In the preparation of”complete actors” only the technical aspects are not decisive, they will not only train them for the level of mastery. Aerobic exercises, forexample, can only play a part in recreation and muscular development, but when we talk about the scenic movement that uses actors’ preparation, the situation changes; the future actor has to work out physical exercises by passing through the mental as well as the spiritual filter. Each student should think about how the exercises indicated by the teacher feel in their bodies, the reception may be different from the way the teacher / college actors / dancers experience the movement. In this context, the student is the only expert in what he likes to do with the movements indicated by the one in front of him, or what emotions are evoked when he experiences a choreographic phrase. This makes the study of acting or dance a form of art, and the difference is given by their inner experiences. the uniqueness of the body on the move.”

scholarly journals Predictive variables for sleep quality in professional drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-402
Author(s):  
María-José Serrano-Fernández ◽  
Joan Boada-Grau ◽  
Lluís Robert-Sentís ◽  
Andreu Vigil-Colet
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Professional Drivers ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Seat Suspension ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Seat Comfort ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Driver Stress

Antecedentes: Los conductores profesionales suelen padecer problemas para dormir o descansar correctamente. Esto puede deberse a diversos factores tanto personales como específicos de las condiciones laborales. En el presente trabajo nos hemos planteado desarrollar un modelo predictivo sobre la calidad del sueño en conductores profesionales utilizando los indicadores siguientes: Edad, Género, Confort del asiento, suspensión del asiento, Soporte lumbar ajustable del asiento del conductor, Horas de conducción, Problemas musculoesqueléticos, Drivers Stress, Irritación, Personalidad resistente, Burnout, conductas de seguridad e Impulsividad. Método: Los participantes han sido 369 conductores profesionales, de distintos sectores del transporte, obtenidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se han utilizado el programa SPSS 25.0. Resultados: Se determina la capacidad predictiva de algunas variables que afectan a los conductores sobre la calidad del sueño. Conclusiones: La calidad del sueño se puede predecir a través de determinadas variables, siendo la mejor predictora Exhaustion (Burnout). Esta investigación contribuye a un mayor conocimiento de la calidad del sueño y a la mejora de la salud de los conductores profesionales. Background: Professional drivers often have problems sleeping or resting properly. This may be due to various factors, both personal and specific to their working conditions. In this study, we set out to develop a predictive model for the quality of sleep in professional drivers using the following indicators: Age, Gender, Seat Comfort, Seat Suspension, Adjustable Lumbar Support of the Driver’s Seat, Driving Hours, Musculoskeletal Problems, Driver Stress, Irritation, Resistant Personality, Burnout, Safety Behaviors and Impulsivity. Method: The participants were 369 professional drivers from different transport sectors, obtained through non-probabilistic sampling. The SPSS 25.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Results: The predictive capacity of certain variables that affect drivers’ sleep quality is determined. Conclusions: Sleep quality can be predicted by means of certain variables, the best predictor of which is Exhaustion (Burnout). This research contributes to the body of knowledge on sleep quality and on improving the health of professional drivers.

scholarly journals Me and My Body: The Relevance of the Distinction for the Difference between Withdrawing Life Support and Euthanasia

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McGee
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Case ◽  
Lethal Injection ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

In a paper that has recently attracted discussion, David Shaw has attempted to criticize the distinction the law has drawn between withdrawing and withholding life-sustaining measures on the one hand, and euthanasia on the other, by claiming that the body of a terminally ill patient should be seen as akin to life support. Shaw compares two cases that we might, at least at first, regard as distinct, and argues that they are not. In the first case, Adam, who is dying of lung cancer, is connected to a ventilator and requests to be disconnected. In the second case, Brian, also dying of cancer, is not connected to anything, and so he requests his doctor to provide him with a lethal injection. In the first case, Shaw contends, Adam is being kept alive by a ventilator. In the second case, Brian is being kept alive by his body.

Materialism in Ancient Greek Philosophy and in the Writings of the Young Marx

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Burns
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
De Anima ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhat is the young Marx's attitude towards questions of psychology? More precisely, what is his attitude towards the human mind and its relationship to the body? To deal adequately with this issue requires a consideration of the relationship between Marx and Feuerbach. It also requires some discussion of the thought of Aristotle. For the views of Feuerbach and the young Marx are (in some respects) not at all original. Rather, they represent a continuation of a long tradition which derives ultimately from ancient Greek philosophy, and especially from the philosophy of Aristotle. As is well known, Aristotle's thought with respect to questions of psychology are mostly presented, by way of a critique of the doctrines of the other philosophers of his day, in his De Anima. W.H. Walsh has made the perceptive observation that Aristotle's views might be seen as an attempt to develop a third approach which avoids the pitfalls usually associated with the idealism of Plato, on the one hand, and the materialism of Democritus on the other. It might be argued that there is an analogy between the situation in which Aristotle found himself in relation to the idealists and materialists of his own day and that which confronted Marx in the very early 1840s. For, like Aristotle, Marx also might be seen as attempting to develop such a third approach. The difference is simply that, in the case of Marx, the idealism in question is that of Hegel rather than that of Plato, and the materialism is the ‘mechanical materialism’ of the eighteenth century rather than that of Democritus. This obvious parallel might well explain why Marx took such a great interest in Aristotle's De Anima both during and shortly after doing the preparatory work for his doctoral dissertation – the subject matter of which, of course, is precisely the materialist philosophy of the ancient Greek atomists Democritus and Epicurus.

A Comparison of the Biology of Echinus esculentus in Different Habitats

1934 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 869-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Characteristic Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Reserve Food

There are two types of ground at Port Erin, differing widely in the general environmental conditions, and each with a characteristic type of urchin on it. The difference is sufficiently well marked for the local fishermen, who collect the urchins for sale to summer visitors, to distinguish them as different types. The littoral urchins from the Breakwater are larger and thicker shelled than those from the Breast. Their gonads reach a greater maximum size, and, in fact, never fall as low even as the maximum volume for the Breast urchin gonads. This difference is probably correlated with the much greater food supply on the Breakwater, since the gonad is the one organ of the body in which the animal can store reserve food material. Spawning commences in March or April and lasts for about two months, but is slightly earlier on the Breakwater than on the Breast. Ripening also takes place considerably earlier in both sexes on the littoral ground. Spawning seems to set in at a temperature of about 7° C., and the colder winter of 1931, compared with 1932, was associated with a later ripening and spawning, i n the former year. Similarly it is suggested that the slightly later spawning on the Breast than on the Breakwater is correlated with the slightly later rise in the temperature of the water on the deeper water ground in the spring.

To the pathogenesis of anemia in children

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
E. P. Krever
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Diseases that cause anemia are very diverse, and therefore it is very difficult to classify anemias according to their etiology, and due to various constitutional and other characteristics of the organism, the same cause can cause different phenomena. It is easier to approach the question of the cause of anemia by determining whether erythropoiesis suffers from this disease or whether there is an increased breakdown of red blood cells. In the body, the state of the blood is composed of two processes: on the one hand, erythropoiesis, on the other hand, the decay of erythrocytes. Demonstrative formula Yerringer'a E R D (Blutmauserung), where E is the number of erythrocytes, P is their production and D ~ destruction. As long as P balances M, the difference E. remains unchanged. If D, that is, hemolysis, increases more than P, then we get a hemolytic type of anemia. If D hemolysis remains unchanged, but P decreases we get an aplastic type of anemia.

Bodily Souls? Paradoxical Bodies in Origen’s Theology of Progress

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Lavinia Cerioni
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Abstract This article analyses and discusses the Origenian terminology concerning the creation, existence and resurrection of the body. Starting from a close analysis of the textual evidence, it proposes the working definitions of those terms – such as εἶδος, σῶμα πνευματικὸν, χιτῶνες δερμάτινοι, ὑλικὸν ὑποκείμενον – which constitute the intricate vocabulary of Origen’s doctrine of the body. In particular, it stresses the difference between the εἶδος (corporeal form) and the ὑλικὸν ὑποκείμενον (material substratum). On the one hand, the εἶδος is the corporeal form of the body, which is strictly intertwined with the λογικός and represents the individuality of each intelligence. On the other hand, the ὑλικὸν ὑποκείμενον represents the materiality of the body, which changes according to different qualities and is destined to be eschatologically destroyed. In summary, this article suggests that Origen distinguishes corporeality from materiality, thus envisioning both the destruction of the flesh and the resurrection of the body.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Disorders In Dentistry

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 066-070
Author(s):  
Ruby Singla ◽  
Hemant Gupta ◽  
Inderpreet Kaur ◽  
Kapil Singla ◽  
Jatinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Repetitive Movements ◽  
The One

AbstractMusculoskeletal disorders (MSD) represent an important occupational health issue in dentistry. Prolonged static postures, repetitive movements, excessive contraction of short muscles could cause musculoskeletal disorders. Even when the sitting posture is the one recommended by ISO, there is a high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. Each member of the dental team is predisposed to pain or injury in different areas of the body, depending on their tasks and position in relation to the patient. MSD is prevalent world over and is one of the commonest causes of long-term pain and disability affecting hundreds of millions of people. This article shows the causes and the mechanisms that lead to musculoskeletal disorders and some methods for prevention.

Before the Stone Age Existed

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Devil

What is the difference between temptation and geological time? The one is a wile of the devil and the other is a devil of a while. (Dawkins to Hughes, 17 March 1870: SMC: TMH) In the early eighteenth century, John Conyers, an apothecary and antiquary of London, discovered the body of an elephant as he was digging for gravel at Gray’s Inn Lane. Nearby lay a flint implement (Fig. 1.1). Today we might well call his elephant a ‘mammoth’ and refer the implement to the ‘Palaeolithic’ period; in 1715, however, Conyers’s beast was dated to the reign of Claudius, the Roman Emperor. This was the belief of John Bagford, an old friend of Conyers, a bookseller and one of the founder members of a tavern-based antiquarian club that was soon to become the Society of Antiquaries of London. At the time, a Roman elephant attacked by an Ancient Briton seemed a likely scenario to account for the curious occurrence of this animal in London, far from its hot and distant homeland. It would be a century and a half later when our ancestors were acknowledged as the contemporaries of such enormous animals: they would then be pictured in a newly-discovered geological world, more ancient than the time of the Romans or even the British natives described by Caesar. For Bagford and his contemporaries, the time allotted to humans, and even to the Earth itself, was not long. Their knowledge about the distant past was gathered from folklore or historical texts, and the Bible supplied a particularly important source of chronological information. Back in the seventeenth century, James Ussher (1581–1656) had famously calculated the age of the Earth and the Creation to date to 4004 BC. But Ussher did not, as is often believed, reach this date by counting back through the generations of the Bible; indeed, he could not. As John Fuller has observed, there is no fixed point from which to start counting: a vague gap divides the last of the Hebrew books from the year AD 1.

scholarly journals A Lacanian Reading of the Two Novels The Scarlet Letter And Private Memoirs And Confessions of A Justified Sinner

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Marjan Yazdanpanahi
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Lacan ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
Mirror Stage ◽  
Scarlet Letter ◽  
The Scarlet Letter ◽  
James Hogg ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

This paper discusses two novels The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner and The Scarlet Letter written by James Hogg and Nathaniel Hawthorn from the perspective of Jacques Lacan theories: the mirror stage, the-name-of-the-father and desire. The mirror stage refers to historical value and an essential libidinal relationship with the body-image. The-name-of-the-father is defined as the prohibitive role of the father as the one who lays down the incest taboo in the Oedipus complex. Meanwhile, desire is neither the appetite for satisfaction, nor the demand for love, but the difference that results from the subtraction of the first from the second.Keywords: Lacanian Reading; The Mirror Stage; The-Name-Of-The-Father And Desire 

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