Measuring the Impact of Advanced Technologies and Reorganization on Human Performance in a Combat Information Center

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (37) ◽  
pp. 642-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared T. Freeman ◽  
Gwendolyn E. Campbell ◽  
Greg Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Information Center ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Systematically evaluating the impact of novel technology and organizational structure on team performance is a complex, multidimensional task. We define several of these dimensions that are of particular interest in the development of new command and control teams and technologies for the U.S. Navy. In addition, we describe an approach to stimulating and measuring human behavior on these dimensions, and an experiment in which this approach is applied. Preliminary data are presented.

Feasibility and preliminary data for a State-wide South Carolina Lupus Registry

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 096120332110145
Author(s):  
Brittany L Smalls ◽  
Trevor D Faith ◽  
Hetlena Johnson ◽  
Edith M Williams
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Prospective Survey ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or lupus is an autoimmune disorder whose cause and reason for disproportionate impact on minorities remains enigmatic. Furthermore, statistics describing lupus incidence and prevalence are outdated and often based on small samples. To begin to address this disparity this report describes preliminary data to be utilized in the development of a state-wide lupus registry in South Carolina. Methods A prospective survey and retrospective data from the South Carolina Budget and Control Board Office of Research & Statistics were used to capture data pertaining to knowledge of lupus, prevalence, and access to lupus care. Results Retrospective ORS data indicated there were 11,690 individuals living with lupus in 2014 with the average direct cost of $69,999.40 in medical care. Prospective surveys (N = 325), in over 16 locations in South Carolina, showed 31% knew someone with lupus, 16% had been diagnosed with lupus, and 50% did not know of a medical facility that treated lupus. Conclusion A lupus registry and repository will provide ongoing access for researchers on the impact of lupus on communities in South Carolina. Lupus is highly prevalent, but disproportionately represented in terms of patient information and participation in clinical trials, so it is also expected that this preliminary work will provide an ongoing process in which the medical community can better engage lupus patients.

A Mini-Network Simulation Approach to Investigate the Capacity and Safety Aspects of National Rail Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Pouryousef ◽  
Monique Stewart ◽  
Som P. Singh ◽  
Anand Prabhakaran
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Network Simulation ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Over the last decades there have been major technology advancements in the railroad industry to improve the operational safety as well as performance of freight trains in shared-use corridors. This study was focused on developing a methodology that allows evaluation of the impact of such advanced technologies over the safety and capacity aspects of the U.S. rail network using a benchmark mini-network simulation approach. A hypothetical mini-network of 5,000 miles of track with characteristics typical of the North American rail network was developed. Two hundred thirty two (232) daily trains, including a mix of intercity passenger, commuter, High Speed Rail and 78 freight trains, were used to simulate the traffic flow. Several network capacity and safety related parameters; network delay, network velocity, track utilization level, number of stops at stations, number of braking for route reservations, and number of stops at signals were analyzed in this study. The results of the benchmark network simulations were then extended to the U.S. rail network, using an analytical technique with assumptions for important parameters and impact factors such as total route miles, freight train-miles, number of sidings/yards, congestion level and age of fleets. The results indicate that the methodology is able to quantify the improvement in network capacity and safety features that can be obtained when advanced technologies are deployed on freight trains.

The Impact of Information Integration in a Simulation of Future Submarine Command and Control

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110458
Author(s):  
Steph Michailovs ◽  
Stephen Pond ◽  
Megan Schmitt ◽  
Jessica Irons ◽  
Matthew Stoker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Human Centered Design ◽  
Control Rooms ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operator Workload

Objective Examine the extent to which increasing information integration across displays in a simulated submarine command and control room can reduce operator workload, improve operator situation awareness, and improve team performance. Background In control rooms, the volume and number of sources of information are increasing, with the potential to overwhelm operator cognitive capacity. It is proposed that by distributing information to maximize relevance to each operator role (increasing information integration), it is possible to not only reduce operator workload but also improve situation awareness and team performance. Method Sixteen teams of six novice participants were trained to work together to combine data from multiple sensor displays to build a tactical picture of surrounding contacts at sea. The extent that data from one display were available to operators at other displays was manipulated (information integration) between teams. Team performance was assessed as the accuracy of the generated tactical picture. Results Teams built a more accurate tactical picture, and individual team members had better situation awareness and lower workload, when provided with high compared with low information integration. Conclusion A human-centered design approach to integrating information in command and control settings can result in lower workload, and enhanced situation awareness and team performance. Application The design of modern command and control rooms, in which operators must fuse increasing volumes of complex data from displays, may benefit from higher information integration based on a human-centered design philosophy, and a fundamental understanding of the cognitive work that is carried out by operators.

scholarly journals Study of the Impact of Delay on Human Remote Navigators with Application to Receding Horizon Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad R. Burns ◽  
Ranxiao F. Wang ◽  
Dušan M. Stipanović
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Receding Horizon Control ◽  
Delay Compensation ◽  
Receding Horizon ◽  
Remote Navigation ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of delays on human performance and human strategies when remotely navigating autonomous vehicles, and develops a robust human inspired delay compensation. Vehicles chosen for the study are ground autonomous vehicles which are allowed to stop, providing an instrumental feature that enables it to capture some important human behavior. The effects of delay on human behavior when remotely navigating autonomous vehicles have been captured by a nonlinear model predictive (also known as receding horizon) controller. This study provides some insights into designing human in-the-loop systems for remote navigation of autonomous vehicles when the delays are not negligible. We offer a human inspired strategy for dealing with delay in a fully autonomous receding horizon controller which we show to be safe and convergent for bounded delays.

KNOWING MORE AS KNOWING LESS? ALTERNATIVE HISTORIES OF COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN THE U.S. AND THE U.K.

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith W. Hoskin ◽  
Richard H. Macve
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Disciplinary Power ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

In attempting to understand the genesis and scope of modern cost and management accounting systems, accounting historians adopting what has been labeled a “Foucauldian” approach have been rewriting the history of key 18th and 19th century developments in the U.K. and U.S. through new evidence, new interpretation, and a refocusing of attention on familiar events. This is a “disciplinary” history which sees modern cost and management accounting as articulating a new kind of “expert disciplinary knowledge,” as well as exercising a “disciplinary power,” in the construction of a new human accountability. However, this “disciplinary” view has been challenged by more “economic rationalist” historians, e.g., Boyns and Edwards [1996] for the British Industrial Revolution and Tyson [1998] for the U.S., as being too narrowly concerned with labor control. This paper takes up the gauntlet. It addresses the theoretical issues and seeks to clarify the import of the “disciplinary view” and its contribution to understanding how 19th century accounting practices shaped emerging managerial discourses, initially in the U.S. It argues that, until businesses adopted this new disciplinarity, there remained an absence of practices focused on calculating human performance, and accounting was not fully deployed to construct that system of “administrative coordination” [Chandler, 1977] which distinguishes modern management action and control.

Human Factors Considerations for Enhancing Performance in the Naval Airship

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-413
Author(s):  
Lauren B. Leveton ◽  
Bethany H. Drum ◽  
Peter Engel ◽  
Timothy K. O'Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Mission Duration ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Leisure And Recreation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Recommendations ◽  
The U.S

The purpose of this research and review effort was to make recommendations for enhancing human performance on a conceptual airship under consideration for maritime use by the U.S. Navy. The major intent was to determine an optimal work/rest schedule and corresponding crew size (See Figure 1). These recommendations assumed an inflight mission duration of 30 days with crew exchange after the mission is completed, continuous operations throughout the mission, and certain pre-determined crew positions. Based on an analysis of analogous systems and review of state-of-the-art research, recommendations for optimal and alternative work/rest cycles were made and the impact on crew size was identified. The authors concluded that a specifically sized crew can maintain acceptable levels of performance during airship missions of 30 to 60 days duration if an appropriate work/rest schedule is followed and minimum habitability requirements are met. Accordingly, recommendations for habitability requirements were made for the following areas: volume, temperature and humidity, lighting, noise and vibration, decor, privacy, personal hygiene and waste management, food, medical support, and leisure and recreation.

scholarly journals Brain and learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Angelica Maria Sabando Suarez ◽  
Maria Elena Moya Martinez ◽  
Luis Raul Meza Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Bibliographic Reference ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Coordination And Control

The brain is an important organ that directs all the actions of the body and the intervention that it has in human behavior, is fundamental for the analysis of the subject since by means of its study it can be analyzed its structure, functioning, coordination, and control. Exercises in different actions, where they link the knowledge of What is the brain?. What is learning?. And What is neuroscience? to recognize the impact they exert on the daily actions of the human being. The present work uses the bibliographic reference where the information will have sustained, which aims to define the importance of the Brain and its relationship in learning activities, through experience and knowledge. Finally, the conclusions of the work ha exposed, where technological and scientific advances have detailed with respect to the importance of the brain in the learning and teaching processes, from different sciences, understanding the importance and development of the knowledge.

scholarly journals Human Behavior Models for Agents in Simulators and Games: Part I: Enabling Science with PMFserv

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry G. Silverman ◽  
Michael Johns ◽  
Jason Cornwell ◽  
Kevin O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on challenges to improving the realism of socially intelligent agents and attempts to reflect the state of the art in human behavior modeling with particular attention to the impact of personality/cultural values and affect as well as biology/stress upon individual coping and group decision making. The first section offers an assessment of the state of the practice and of the need to integrate valid human performance moderator functions (PMFs) from traditionally separated subfields of the behavioral literature. The second section pursues this goal by postulating a unifying architecture and principles for integrating existing PMF theories and models. It also illustrates a PMF testbed called PMFserv created for implementating and studying how PMFs may contribute to such an architecture. To date it interconnects versions of PMFs on physiology and stress; personality, cultural and emotive processes (Cognitive Appraisal-OCC, value systems); perception (Gibsonian affordance); social processes (relations, identity, trust, nested intentionality); and cognition (affect- and stress-augmented decision theory, bounded rationality). The third section summarizes several usage case studies (asymmetric warfare, civil unrest, and political leaders) and concludes with lessons learned. Implementing and interoperating this broad collection of PMFs helps to open the agenda for research on syntheses that can help the field reach a greater level of maturity. The companion paper, Part II, presents a case study in using PMFserv for rapid scenario composability and realistic agent behavior.

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