On Redundancy in the Design of Spatial instruments

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 1561-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Information Displays ◽  
Types Of Information

Alternative formats for information displays are sometimes identified as being best suited for presentation of particular types of information. This view is assessed in terms of the role of noise and distortion in the presentation of spatial information. It is shown that introduction of redundant elements may compensate for weaknesses in different formats. Consequently, it is argued that the observed differences among formats may in fact arise from specific design decisions relating to the redundancy in the presented information rather than features inherent to the formats themselves.

scholarly journals Abductive Inferences in Strategic Design Decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1055-1064
Author(s):  
Ehud Kroll ◽  
Lauri Koskela
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design Task ◽  
Strategic Design

AbstractThe overall strategy of designing is addressed. The design decisions that have a major impact on the direction in which the process evolves are termed “strategic”, and here we study them from the perspective of abduction. The aim is to clarify the role of abduction (in the sense of inference to the best explanation) in strategic decision making in design. Four cases are used for demonstration and discussion: functional decomposition in novel situations; the ordering of subfunctions in a function structure; the order of development of design tasks; and managing the design iterations. We focus on two specific design strategies: systematic design and parameter analysis, and show that strategic abductions often take place within the chosen strategy for the sake of efficiency of the process. Such abductions are often triggered by rules (like focusing first on the issue with greatest uncertainty in the total design task) that derive from Peirce's principle for economy of research. It is found that strategic abductions may have a decisive impact on the outcome of a design process. Two potential ways of improving design strategies and related strategic abductions are discussed.

Intrinsic Reference Systems in Map Displays

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. 1628-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Werner ◽  
Melanie Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
Cognitive Organization ◽  
Information Displays ◽  
Spatial Frames Of Reference ◽  
Fixed Orientation

Within the area of navigation displays, the distinction between track-up display and fixed-orientation displays ( north-up) has received a lot of attention. Theoretically, this distinction has been linked to different spatial frames of reference. Using alignment effects, recent studies on the role of different reference systems in human spatial memory have identified the important role of environmental and intrinsic reference systems for the cognitive organization of spatial information. In the first experiment of its kind, we tested the effects of alignment of an observer with the visible, local environment and the global, large-scale environment depicted in a You-are-Here type of map display while holding the usually emphasized relation between map orientation and observer orientation constant. Our results show that both alignments have a strong and additive effect on memory performance, suggesting a new and important dimension for the design of spatial information displays such as maps.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

Organisational aspects of spatial information infrastructure in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Bielecka ◽  
Agnieszka Zwirowicz-Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Class Diagram ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Polish Law

Abstract One of the more important elements of spatial information infrastructure is the organisational structure defining the obligations and dependencies between stakeholders that are responsible for the infrastructure. Many SDI practitioners and theoreticians emphasise that its influence on the success or failure of activities undertaken is significantly greater than that of technical aspects. Being aware of the role of the organisational structure in the creating, operating and maintenance of spatial information infrastructure (SII), Polish legislators placed appropriate regulations in the Spatial Information Infrastructure Act, being the transposition of the INSPIRE Directive into Polish Law. The principal spatial information infrastructure stakeholders are discussed in the article and also the scope of cooperation between them. The tasks and relationships between stakeholders are illustrated in UML, in both the use case and the class diagram. Mentioned also are the main problems and obstructions resulting from imprecise legal regulations.

scholarly journals The Role of Spatio-Temporal Information to Govern the COVID-19 Pandemic: A European Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Hartmut Müller ◽  
Marije Louwsma
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The Covid-19 pandemic put a heavy burden on member states in the European Union. To govern the pandemic, having access to reliable geo-information is key for monitoring the spatial distribution of the outbreak over time. This study aims to analyze the role of spatio-temporal information in governing the pandemic in the European Union and its member states. The European Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) system and selected national dashboards from member states were assessed to analyze which spatio-temporal information was used, how the information was visualized and whether this changed over the course of the pandemic. Initially, member states focused on their own jurisdiction by creating national dashboards to monitor the pandemic. Information between member states was not aligned. Producing reliable data and timeliness reporting was problematic, just like selecting indictors to monitor the spatial distribution and intensity of the outbreak. Over the course of the pandemic, with more knowledge about the virus and its characteristics, interventions of member states to govern the outbreak were better aligned at the European level. However, further integration and alignment of public health data, statistical data and spatio-temporal data could provide even better information for governments and actors involved in managing the outbreak, both at national and supra-national level. The Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) initiative and the NUTS system provide a framework to guide future integration and extension of existing systems.

scholarly journals Data Warehouse Perusahaan Bidang Geomatika dan Manajemen Informasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Ambar Tri Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
Desktop Application ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
A Company

PT. Duta Astakona Girinda is a company in the field of geomatics and spatial information management. This company was founded in early 1987 to provide consulting services for spatial information management applications, hardware, software, implementation and communication. As the experience of PT. Duta Astakona Girinda as an information and communication technology management application consulting service provider, continues to innovate. Providing services such as mapping planning, thematic maps of various needs, cartography, digitizing services, scanning, plotting. This company also provides GIS market application development services, GIS and MIS integration. Other services include conducting training, seminars and creating a spatial database. The company needs a warehouse information system to make it easier for warehouse administrators to manage incoming and outgoing goods at PT Duta Astakona Girinda. The role of this Information System is also inseparable from the users of equipment that are able to overcome the inability of human labor. The desktop application created here is internal in nature, which can only be accessed by employees.

scholarly journals Biases in object location estimation: the role of camera rotations and translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislava Segen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Location Estimation ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Object Locations ◽  
Age Related

The current study investigated a systematic bias in spatial memory in which people, following a perspective shift from encoding to recall, indicated the location of an object further to the direction of the shit. In Experiment 1, we documented this bias by asking participants to encode the position of an object in a virtual room and then indicate it from memory following a perspective shift induced by camera translation and rotation. In Experiment 2, we decoupled the influence of camera translations and camera rotations and examined also whether adding more information in the scene would reduce the bias. We also investigated the presence of age-related differences in the precision of object location estimates and the tendency to display the bias related to perspective shift. Overall, our results showed that camera translations led to greater systematic bias than camera rotations. Furthermore, the use of additional spatial information improved the precision with which object locations were estimated and reduced the bias associated with camera translation. Finally, we found that although older adults were as precise as younger participants when estimating object locations, they benefited less from additional spatial information and their responses were more biased in the direction of camera translations. We propose that accurate representation of camera translations requires more demanding mental computations than camera rotations, leading to greater uncertainty about the position of an object in memory. This uncertainty causes people to rely on an egocentric anchor thereby giving rise to the systematic bias in the direction of camera translation.

scholarly journals Iberoamerica in network, GIS & TIC

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Antonio Vazquez Perez ◽  
Vicente Veliz Briones ◽  
Carlos G. Villacreses Viteri ◽  
Maria Rodriguez Gamez
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Spatial Databases ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
International Level ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Social Scale ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Network Gis

The paper presents a proposal related to the implementation of an Inter-University Network and Research Centers in the Ibero-American area, related to the management of spatial information using the Techniques of Information Technology and Communications (ICT), where it is proposed as a coordinating center and manager of knowledge to the Technical University of Manabí for having special geographical conditions and professionals with experience in the management of spatial databases and Geoportals. Universities and research centers are a reservoir of knowledge with high potential for the scientific and technical development of society. The Technical University of Manabí in Ecuador is an institution committed to the future of society, which outlines its vision of work in the implementation of projects that allow the use of technical and professional skills of students and teachers. In the current decade, projects are being developed at an international level aimed at strengthening the role of spatial information for the management of sustainable development on a social scale. Geographic information systems (GIS) and computer and communications (TIC) techniques have demonstrated their versatility to be applied to different lines of work and projects.

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