Driver Responses to Augmented Reality Warnings and Alternatives at Urban Signalized Intersections

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1924-1928
Author(s):  
Ke Liu ◽  
Paul Green
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Warning Tone ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Yellow Arrow

This study examined an augmented reality warning system that highlighted threats with a yellow arrow pointing towards the potential threat and a red bar below it. Sixteen drivers drove a fixed base driving simulator in a world with 61 intersections, 10 of which contained threats. Threats could appear from any direction, and go straight or turn. Each subject completed 3 test blocks of those intersections in a different random order – no warning, a warning tone, or a warning tone accompanied by the augmented reality warning. Warnings led to significantly fewer crashes (14 for augmented reality, 24 for warning tone, 30 for no warning). When compared to no warnings, augmented reality warnings also led to shorter response times (23%/35% less, depending upon how RT was measured), greater maximum brake pressures (42%) and greater maximum decelerations (18%). These results indicate that augmented reality warnings can be beneficial to drivers.

Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Glare from following Vehicles on Target Detection in Driving Simulator

1996 ◽  
Vol 1550 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Ranney ◽  
Anthony J. Masalonis ◽  
Lucinda A. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Episode Duration

Nine hypotheses concerning the immediate and long-term effects of glare were tested in a fixed-base truck simulator. Eight subjects completed two 4-hr sessions. During one session, simulated headlight glare from following vehicles was presented intermittently in the cab's side mirrors. Designated targets, including pedestrians and vehicles in the mirrors, were presented at the beginning, middle, end, or 5 sec following glare episodes. Response times and accuracy for detecting targets were recorded. Target detection in the presence of glare was slower than in the absence of glare. Pedestrians appearing in the middle of a glare episode were detected faster than those appearing at glare onset, indicating adaptation to glare. Target detection following a 5-sec recovery period was faster than for targets appearing immediately following the glare episode. A longer recovery period did not provide an additional benefit. Glare episode duration did not affect target-detection speed following the glare. Performance did not deteriorate over the course of the glare session, indicating no cumulative effect of glare on target detection. Overall, the impairment effects associated with glare were not as strong and consistent as in previous laboratory studies. Differences in attentional demands between laboratory studies and driving were used to explain these differences.

A solution to the rear-vision problem in a fixed-base driving simulator

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Yang ◽  
Farnaz Baniahmad ◽  
Beverly K. Jaeger ◽  
Ronald R. Mourant
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Fixed Base

scholarly journals The concept of an early warning system for the use of nuclear technology in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Dewi Prima Meiliasari ◽  
Berton Suar Panjaitan ◽  
Toto Heryanto ◽  
Wilopo
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Warning Services

The application of nuclear power plants in the world is increasing and has the potential for accidents, including nuclear weapons tests from outside the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, thus allowing radioactive releases to fall into Indonesian territory, which is a potential threat. Indonesia also utilizes nuclear power in many fields, thus also potentially becoming a national threat. To prevent the threat of radiation potential requires a nuclear disaster Early Warning System (EWS) that can be accessed by the community. This research analysed the EWS that Indonesia needed, using qualitative methods by describing the results of research obtained from interviews and secondary data. Results and research discussions starting from observation and monitoring of radiation exposure, warning services, information dissemination, and supported by countermeasures for the effectiveness of the EWS. The results showed that the development of an integrated nuclear disaster EWS that is easily accessible to the community quickly and continuously under the development of an emergency is a strategy as a decision to reduce the risk of nuclear disaster. The development of the strategy requires a legal basis that regulates coordination between ministries/institutions, from planning to information dissemination to ensure the safety of the public and Indonesian people's security.

The Effects of Cognitive and Visual Workload on Peripheral Detection in the Detection Response Task

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim van Winsum
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Detection Response ◽  
Response Task ◽  
Stimulus Eccentricity

Objective: The independent effects of cognitive and visual load on visual Detection Response Task (vDRT) reaction times were studied in a driving simulator by performing a backwards counting task and a simple driving task that required continuous focused visual attention to the forward view of the road. The study aimed to unravel the attentional processes underlying the Detection Response Task effects. Background: The claim of previous studies that performance degradation on the vDRT is due to a general interference instead of visual tunneling was challenged in this experiment. Method: vDRT stimulus eccentricity and stimulus conspicuity were applied as within-subject factors. Results: Increased cognitive load and visual load both resulted in increased response times (RTs) on the vDRT. Cognitive load increased RT but revealed no task by stimulus eccentricity interaction. However, effects of visual load on RT showed a strong task by stimulus eccentricity interaction under conditions of low stimulus conspicuity. Also, more experienced drivers performed better on the vDRT while driving. Conclusion: This was seen as evidence for a differential effect of cognitive and visual workload. The results supported the tunnel vision model for visual workload, where the sensitivity of the peripheral visual field reduced as a function of visual load. However, the results supported the general interference model for cognitive workload. Application: This has implications for the diagnosticity of the vDRT: The pattern of results differentiated between visual task load and cognitive task load. It also has implications for theory development and workload measurement for different types of tasks.

Passenger-Driver Distinguishing Test for Pokémon Go

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal Khanade ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
University Students ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Distracted Driving ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Pokémon Go

Distracted driving while gaming is a serious hazard especially for young drivers. Increasing popularity of augmented reality games may increase distracted driving incidents. The main purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of an identification test to differentiate between drivers and passengers to prevent drivers from playing augmented reality games while driving to reduce distracted driving incidents. We hypothesized that increased cognitive burden will reduce vigilance on the secondary task which will reduce attention and increase the risk associated with the secondary task. An experiment with a driving simulator tested university students’ performance to evaluate the efficacy of the distinguishing test. The results show that the test shows promise to distinguish between drivers and passengers. Such tests can be used in applications when users perform two tasks that require the same modality leading to decreased performance in both tasks.

Use of Micro-Scenarios to Reduce the Effects of Simulator Sickness in Training Intervention Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1946-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Schneider ◽  
Foroogh Hajiseyedjavadi ◽  
Jingyi Zhang ◽  
Matthew Romoser ◽  
Siby Samuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Potential Threat

Older drivers are overrepresented in intersection crashes primarily because they fail to scan for potential threat vehicles after they enter a stop-controlled intersection. Existing simulator-based older driver training programs double the frequency of secondary glances that older drivers take up to two years after training. However, the simulator sickness dropout rate for this training is 40%. Two contributing factors to simulator sickness are 1) configuration of the driving simulator, and 2) duration of continuous simulator training. In this experiment, 91 older drivers were assigned to one of five groups: 3 simulator training groups, one passive training group, and one control group. Simulator training sessions were broken into segments of only 30-45 s in length. The effectiveness of the training was evaluated in the field. The most effective training was on a 3 screen simulator which doubled the frequency of secondary glances in the field and reduced simulator drop-out rates to 14.3%.

scholarly journals The unperceived risk to Europe's coasts: tsunamis and the vulnerability of Cadiz, Spain

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2659-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Birkmann ◽  
K. v. Teichman ◽  
T. Welle ◽  
M. González ◽  
M. Olabarrieta
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The North ◽  
Reduction Strategies

Abstract. The development of appropriate risk and vulnerability reduction strategies to cope with tsunami risks is a major challenge for countries, regions, and cities exposed to potential tsunamis. European coastal cities such as Cadiz are exposed to tsunami risks. However, most official risk reduction strategies as well as the local population are not aware of the probability of such a phenomenon and the potential threat that tsunami waves could pose to their littoral. This paper outlines how tsunami risks, and particularly tsunami vulnerability, could be assessed and measured. To achieve this, a vulnerability assessment framework was applied focusing on the city of Cadiz as a case study in order to highlight the practical use and the challenges and gaps such an assessment has to deal with. The findings yield important information that could assist with the systematic improvement of societal response capacities of cities and their inhabitants to potential tsunami risks. Hazard and vulnerability maps were developed, and qualitative data was obtained through, for example, focused group discussions. These maps and surveys are essential for the development of a people-centred early warning and response system. Therefore, in this regard, the Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System in the North Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and connected seas promoted by the UNESCO-Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) should encompass these assessments to ensure that action is particularly intensified and fostered by those potentially exposed. That means that besides the necessary technical infrastructure for tsunami detection, additional response and adaptation measures need to be promoted – particularly those that reduce the vulnerability of people and regions exposed – in terms of national systems. In addition, it is important to develop emergency preparedness and awareness plans in order to create an integrated regional Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) by 2011. The findings of the paper are based on research conducted within the framework of the EC funded project TRANSFER: "Tsunami Risk ANd Strategies For the European Region", a project that aims to improve the understanding of tsunami processes in the Euro-Mediterranean region, to develop methods and tools to assess vulnerability and risk, and to identify strategies for the reduction of tsunami risks.

scholarly journals Dynamic Eco-Driving Speed Guidance at Signalized Intersections: Multivehicle Driving Simulator Based Experimental Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Cong Yan ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Yunpeng Wang ◽  
Shenyang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Dynamic Programming Approach ◽  
Driving Speed

Variations in vehicle fuel consumption and gas emissions are usually associated with changes in cruise speed and the aggressiveness of drivers’ acceleration/deceleration, especially at traffic signals. In an attempt to enhance vehicle fuel efficiency on arterials, this study developed a dynamic eco-driving speed guidance strategy (DESGS) using real-time signal timing and vehicle positioning information in a connected vehicle (CV) environment. DESGS mainly aims to optimize the fuel/emission speed profiles for vehicles approaching signalized intersections. An optimization-based rolling horizon and a dynamic programming approach were proposed to track the optimal guided velocity for individual vehicles along the travel segment. In addition, a vehicle specific power (VSP) based approach was integrated into DESGS to estimate the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the overall strategy, 15 experienced drivers were recruited to participate in interactive speed guidance experiments using multivehicle driving simulators. It was found that compared to vehicles without speed guidance, those with DESGS had a significantly reduced number of stops and approximately 25% less fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.

Evaluation of augmented reality cues to improve the safety of left-turn maneuvers in a connected environment: A driving simulator study

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 105793
Author(s):  
Alessandro Calvi ◽  
Fabrizio D’Amico ◽  
Chiara Ferrante ◽  
Luca Bianchini Ciampoli
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Simulator Study
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