An Examination of Projective versus Post-Task Subjective Workload Ratings for Three Psychometric Scaling Techniques

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Masline ◽  
David W. Biers
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Projective Group ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Verbal Descriptions ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Laboratory Task

The validity of three projective workload techniques-magnitude estimation, equal appearing intervals, and the subjective workload assessment technique (SWAT)- was examined using a simple laboratory task. Ratings of workload by subjects who received only written and verbal descriptions of the task (projective group) were compared to ratings from subjects who performed the task (experimental group). Results indicated that, for all rating scale techniques, subjects were able to validly project ratings of workload. Magnitude estimation possessed a higher degree of correspondence between both groups than the other two scales. This finding offers workload researchers involved with system predesign considerations more options in the choice of an appropriate projective workload metric.

Effects of the Interpersonal Game upon Intra- and Interpersonal Concepts, Personality Characteristics, and Interpersonal Relationships

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darhl M. Pedersen ◽  
Brian R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

Playing The Interpersonal Game (IG) should result in (a) increased congruence between a player's self-concept and his self-ideal, between his ideal concept of the other player and the other player's self-ideal, and between his concept of the other player and the other player's self-concept, (b) lowered scores on the MMPI scales of Ai, D, Hy, Sc, Hs, and Pa, and an increased score on the MMPI Es scale, and (c) an improved relationship with the other player. Two groups were formed at random, an experimental group which played the IG consisting of 15 boy-girl pairs and a control group of 16 boy-girl pairs which did not play the game. Pre- and posttests, using a Self and Others Rating Scale, the MMPI, and an Interpersonal Relationship Rating Scale were administered to all Ss. Appropriate t tests comparing the mean change scores for the game group with the controls failed to confirm any of the hypotheses.

The Effect of Intervening Task Performance on Subjective Workload Ratings

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 954-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thomas Eggemeier ◽  
Brian E. Melville ◽  
Mark S. Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
Subjective Workload

Thirty subjects performed a short-term memory task and used the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) to provide workload ratings under one of five conditions. Ratings were provided either immediately following task performance, after a delay period during which no additional tasks were performed, or after a delay period during which an additional set of memory tasks at one of three levels of difficulty was performed. Neither the delay interval nor the requirement to perform a set of intervening tasks significantly affected mean SWAT ratings relative to the immediate rating control condition. Patterns in the data suggested that performance of a set of difficult intervening tasks had the greatest tendency to affect memory task ratings, and indicate that the potential influence of intervening task performance should not be completely discounted in workload rating scale applications.

House–Tree–Person drawing therapy as an intervention for prisoners' prerelease anxiety

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhan Yu ◽  
Cong Yu Ming ◽  
Ma Yue ◽  
Jiang Hai Li ◽  
Li Ling
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ◽  
House Structure ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Experimental Group

We examined the feasibility of using the House–Tree–Person Test as an intervention to reduce prisoners' prerelease anxiety, and tested its effectiveness. In the first phase, 15 prison officers completed the other-evaluation Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) individually and 105 male prisoners completed the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) in groups. After screening, 72 of the prisoners who would be released within the next 2 to 6 months were selected as participants. Then, a quasiexperimental design was applied and 36 participants completed the House–Tree–Person Test 10 times over a period of 5 weeks. The results of quantitative analysis indicated that, during the prerelease period, more than 80% of prisoners had suffered from anxiety at some level. More important, in the posttest the total HAM-A and standard SAS scores for the prisoners in the experimental group were both significantly lower than their scores in the pretest. On the contrary, the total score on the HAM-A for the prisoners in the control group in the posttest was significantly higher than their score in the pretest. Simultaneously, the result of qualitative analysis of 2 of a prisoner's drawings, especially the positive change in house structure, the increasing number of trees, the clarity of the self-image, and the appearance of significant others, also indicated that his anxiety level had reduced.

Unidimensional versus Multidimensional Workload Scales and the Effect of Number of Rating Scale Categories

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1084-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Anthony ◽  
David W. Biers
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
Subjective Workload

The present study investigated why the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) (a multidimensional scale) has been found to be less sensitive than Overall Workload Scale (OW) (aunidimensional scale) in previous research. It was hypothesized that previous results could be attributed to number of points on the rating scale. To that end, four rating scale groups were employed in which the dimensionality (unidimensional vs multidimensional) and number of rating scale points (7 vs. 19) on the overall workload scale were varied. Forty-eight subjects performed a continuous recognition task composed of 12 levels of difficulty and then rated workload under one of four rating scale conditions (OW-7, OW-19, MOD-SWAT-7, MOD-SWAT-19). Results indicated that: (1) the preponderance of evidence favored equal sensitivity; (2) previous differences between OW and SWAT could not be due to differences in the number of points on the rating scale; and (3) dimensionality affected overall workload ratings in subtle ways. However, the differences found between the unidimensional (OW) and multidimensional (MOD-SWAT) scales is probably attributed to the nature of the task itself where increases in the difficulty in one dimension were accompanied by decreases in another dimension.

Absolute Magnitude Estimation and Relative Judgement Approaches to Subjective Workload Assessment

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Vidulich ◽  
Pamela S. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Two rating scale techniques employing an absolute magnitude estimation method, were compared to a relative judgement method for assessing subjective workload. One of the absolute estimation techniques used was an unidimensional overall workload scale and the other was the multidimensional NASA-Task Load Index technique. Thomas Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process was the unidimensional relative judgement method used. These techniques were used to assess the subjective workload of various of single- and dual-tracking conditions. The validity of the techniques was defined as their ability to detect the same phenomena observed in the tracking performance. Reliability was assessed by calculating test-retest correlations. Within the context of the experiment, the Saaty Analytic Hierarchy Process was found to be superior in validity and reliability. These findings suggest that the relative judgement method would be an effective addition to the currently available subjective workload assessment techniques.

Adjunctive Therapy to Manage Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Moderate and Severe Dementia: Randomized Clinical Trial Using an Outpatient Version of Tailored Activity Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Alexandra Martini Oliveira ◽  
Marcia Radanovic ◽  
Patricia Cotting Homem de Mello ◽  
Patricia Cardoso Buchain ◽  
Adriana Dias Barbosa Vizzotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Caregiver Training ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as aggression, apathy, agitation, and wandering may occur in up to 90%of dementia cases. International guidelines have suggested that non-pharmacological interventions are as effective as pharmacological treatments, however without the side effects and risks of medications. An occupational therapy method, called Tailored Activity Program (TAP), was developed with the objective to treat NPS in the elderly with dementia and has been shown to be effective. Objective: Evaluate the efficacy of the TAP method (outpatient version) in the treatment of NPS in individuals with dementia and in the burden reduction of their caregivers. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial for the treatment of NPS in dementia. Outcome measures consisted of assessing the NPS of individuals with dementia, through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician rating scale (NPI-C), and assessing the burden on their caregivers, using the Zarit Scale. All the participants were evaluated pre-and post-intervention. Results: 54 individuals with dementia and caregivers were allocated to the experimental (n = 28) and control (n = 26) groups. There was improvement of the following NPS in the experimental group: delusions, agitation, aggressiveness, depression, anxiety, euphoria, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, motor disturbance, and aberrant vocalization. No improvement was observed in hallucinations, sleep disturbances, and appetite disorders. The TAP method for outpatient settings was also clinically effective in reducing burden between caregivers of the experimental group. Conclusion: The use of personalized prescribed activities, coupled with the caregiver training, may be a clinically effective approach to reduce NPS and caregiver burden of individuals with dementia.

EEG and Behavioral Changes following Neurofeedback Treatment in Learning Disabled Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fernández ◽  
W. Herrera ◽  
T. Harmony ◽  
L Díaz-Comas ◽  
E. Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Value ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socioeconomical Status ◽  
Experimental Group

Neurofeedback (NFB) is an operant conditioning procedure, by which the subject learns to control his/her EEG activity. On one hand, Learning Disabled (LD) children have higher values of theta EEG absolute and relative power than normal children, and on the other hand, it has been shown that minimum alpha absolute power is necessary for adequate performance. Ten LD children were selected with higher than normal ratios of theta to alpha absolute power (theta/alpha). The Test Of Variables of Attention (TOVA) was applied. Children were divided into two groups in order to maintain similar IQ values, TOVA values, socioeconomical status, and gender for each group. In the experimental group, NFB was applied in the region with highest ratio, triggering a sound each time the ratio fell below a threshold value. Noncontingent reinforcement was given to the other group. Twenty half-hour sessions were applied, at a rate of 2 per week. At the end of the 20 sessions, TOVA, WISC and EEG were obtained. There was significant improvement in WISC performance in the experimental group that was not observed in the control group. EEG absolute power decreased in delta, theta, alpha and beta bands in the experimental group. Control children only showed a decrease in relative power in the delta band. All changes observed in the experimental group and not observed in the control group indicate better cognitive performance and the presence of greater EEG maturation in the experimental group, which suggests that changes were due not only to development but also to NFB treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Hazelnut Peels on the Contents of Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Tocopherols, and on the Shelf-Life of Ripened Ewe Cheese

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Vita Maria Marino ◽  
Teresa Rapisarda ◽  
Margherita Caccamo ◽  
Bernardo Valenti ◽  
Alessandro Priolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Chocolate Industry ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Hazelnut peel (HNP), a by-product from the chocolate industry, is considered to be a suitable ingredient to be included in the diet of ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding dairy ewes with a diet containing HNP on ripened cheese quality, including fatty acid (FA) profile, cholesterol, and tocopherol content, as well as stability during storage under commercial conditions. In total, 10 experimental cheeses were produced with bulk milk obtained from ewes fed a commercial concentrate (C group; n = 5) or a concentrate containing 36% HNP in dry matter (HNP group; n = 5). After 40 days of aging, each cheese was sub-sampled into three slices: one was analyzed immediately (C0 and HNP0), and the other two were refrigerated and analyzed after seven days (C7 and HNP7) and 14 days (C14 and HNP14), respectively. Compared to C, HNP cheese had more than twice as many tocopherols and mono-unsaturated FA and respectively 38% and 24% less of cholesterol and saturated FA. Tocopherols and cholesterol levels remained rather stable up to 14 days of storage regardless of the experimental group, suggesting no cholesterol oxidation. Therefore, the inclusion of HNP in ewe diets could be a valid resource to produce cheese with a healthier lipid profile and higher tocopherols content.

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