scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Hazelnut Peels on the Contents of Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Tocopherols, and on the Shelf-Life of Ripened Ewe Cheese

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Vita Maria Marino ◽  
Teresa Rapisarda ◽  
Margherita Caccamo ◽  
Bernardo Valenti ◽  
Alessandro Priolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Chocolate Industry ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Hazelnut peel (HNP), a by-product from the chocolate industry, is considered to be a suitable ingredient to be included in the diet of ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding dairy ewes with a diet containing HNP on ripened cheese quality, including fatty acid (FA) profile, cholesterol, and tocopherol content, as well as stability during storage under commercial conditions. In total, 10 experimental cheeses were produced with bulk milk obtained from ewes fed a commercial concentrate (C group; n = 5) or a concentrate containing 36% HNP in dry matter (HNP group; n = 5). After 40 days of aging, each cheese was sub-sampled into three slices: one was analyzed immediately (C0 and HNP0), and the other two were refrigerated and analyzed after seven days (C7 and HNP7) and 14 days (C14 and HNP14), respectively. Compared to C, HNP cheese had more than twice as many tocopherols and mono-unsaturated FA and respectively 38% and 24% less of cholesterol and saturated FA. Tocopherols and cholesterol levels remained rather stable up to 14 days of storage regardless of the experimental group, suggesting no cholesterol oxidation. Therefore, the inclusion of HNP in ewe diets could be a valid resource to produce cheese with a healthier lipid profile and higher tocopherols content.

scholarly journals Effect of storage on the fatty acids of dried ryegrass

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Czerkawski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mould Growth ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Types Of Change ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

1. The compositions of the fatty acids in ryegrass were determined in fresh samples, and in samples dried at room temperature for 26 h, at 50° and for 18 h or at 100° for 12 h. The drying of grass resulted in a small increase in palmitic acid and a decrease in linolenic acid in the total fatty acids.2. Samples of grass dried at 50° and 100° were stored at three relative humidities (rh < 3%, 47% and 80%) for 13 months.3. There were marked changes in the samples stored at 80% rh, with an onset of mould growth and a loss of dry matter. The samples stored at lower humidities had no mould.4. There were two types of change in the fatty acids during storage. The deterioration brought about and mould was accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of linolenic acid and an increase in the concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids. The other type of change observed at the lower humidities resulted in a decrease in the content of linolenic and an increase in the content of palmitic, and did not affect the amounts of oleic and linoleic cells.5. There was little difference between the changes that occurred in the composition of the total fatty acids of the grass dried at 50° and of that dried at 100°. The changes that were at all significant appeared to occur less rapidly, particularly in the early months of storage, in the grass dried at the higher temperature for the shorter time.

The effect of feeding organically bound selenium and α-tocopherol to dairy cows on susceptibility of milk to oxidation

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
A.-M. St-Laurent ◽  
R. E. McQueen ◽  
E. Charmley
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Tocopherol Acetate ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows were used to compare the effect of two sources of supplemental selenium with or without supplemental dl-α-tocopherol acetate, on oxidative stability of their milk. The Se sources were inorganic Se mixed in the concentrate ration or alfalfa sprayed with 20 g Se ha−1 four wk before ensiling. Half of the cows on each treatment received 3000 IU d−1 of dl-α-tocopherol acetate for the first 4 wk (Period 1) and the other half received the tocopherol for the second 4 wk (Period 2). Improvement (P < 0.01) in flavour scores due to α-tocopherol supplementation were apparent only when 0.1 mg Cu kg−1 was added to the milk to catalyze oxidation. Plasma tocopherol content was increased (P < 0.01) when tocopherol was fed regardless of Se treatment Milk tocopherol content increased (P < 0.01) when the cows were fed both supplemental Se and tocopherol; however, the increase was not significant (P > 0.05) when the tocopherol was fed without Se. Plasma and milk Se contents were higher (P < 0.01) for cows fed the Se-fertilized alfalfa than for the control cows or those fed the inorganic Se. In whole blood there were no significant differences in Se content in Period 1 but levels were higher (P < 0.01) for the cows fed Se-fertilized alfalfa in Period 2. Although feeding Se-fertilized alfalfa (802 ± 128 μg Se kg−1 DM) resulted in higher milk Se than feeding either the unsupplemented diet or the inorganic Se (398 ± 44 μg Se kg−1 DM in the concentrate) this had no effect on the oxidative stability of the milk. The results suggest adequate Se improves the transfer of dietary tocopherol to milk. Key words: Oxidized milk, tocopherol, selenium, cows

scholarly journals Dietary Fats Are Vital For Human Long-Term Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Sumathy. T ◽  
Maheshkumar V.P ◽  
Jaikumar. S
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Chronic Health Problems

Lipids are the major contributors of taste, texture and energy of a diet. Changes in the intake of dietary fats bring about varied serum cholesterol levels as well the other factors that cause risk of chronic diseases. It has been established over years that the risk of CAD and other chronic health problems are not significantly influenced by the dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Many recent researches also reported that the SFAs present in dairy products and coconut oil are very helpful in improving the health of an individual. Even though enhancement of inflammation and augmentation of the chronic ailments by V6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported widely, the V3 PUFA’s take the other side and act to counter the ill effects. Obesity and other associated health issues arise mainly due to the use of diets rich in carbohydrates instead of saturated fats. The benefits of replacing these carbohydrates and others with alternative nutrients have been well established with known mechanisms which bring down the adverse effects. The quality of fat may bring about chronic degenerative effects in the later stages. The use of fat and its types is shifted towards a pattern of healthy diet wherein the food may include a variety of different fats even at high levels. The present scenario of the researches in public health is mainly centered with the analysis of the association between dietary fat, level and quality, its impact on the risk of chronic diseases and cure. Thus, this review focuses on the need to re-examine the use of dietary fats and their clinical implications.

scholarly journals Milk Quality Characteristics of Native Southern Yellow and South Anatolian Red between Early and Late lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Aylin Oluk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Botanical Diversity

South Anatolian Red (SAR) and Native Southern Yellow (NSY) cattle are commonly reared in the southern region of Turkey. Although physical characteristics of these significant races that are under protection are similar, it is determined in various studies that they have different racial characteristics. The goal of this study is to evaluate lactation characteristics of two different breeds in the same region. It is observed that NSY milk has higher dry matter (%), fat (%), protein (%), lactose (%), total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (g 100g-1) ratios than SAR milk. In the study, eight volatiles (indoles, ketones, terpenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, alcohols) of the cattle types are researched and analyzed and they are compared during lactation periods. At the end of lactation, esters and carboxylic acids increased in NSY milk, while ketones and aldehydes in SAR milk increased. It is seen that alcohols are the most abundant volatile components found in milk of cattle. On the other hand, it is observed that lactation stages, forage type and botanical diversity affect milk flavor and quality.

EFFECT OF FEEDING ETHINYLOESTRADIOL FOR VARIOUS PERIODS BEFORE MATING ON REPRODUCTION IN THE HAMSTER

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-590
Author(s):  
B. K. Davis ◽  
I. Noske ◽  
M. C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Schedule ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

ABSTRACT Ethinyloestradiol (EO) fed for various periods before mating to female hamsters affected the timing of mating and pregnancy rate. Slight effects on ovulation, foetal-crown rump length and resorption may have occurred, but effects on implantation were not apparent among pregnant hamsters. The response observed depended upon the feeding schedule adopted: hamsters fed 2.5 mg EO in a single dose, on day 3 before mating, mated normally but had a significantly lower pregnancy rate; on the other hand, animals fed 2.5 mg EO (0.21 mg/day) over three oestrous cycles, days 14–3 before mating, showed variations in the time of mating but had an essentially normal pregnancy rate; and, a group of hamsters who received the same total amount of EO (0.63 mg/day) over one oestrous cycle, days 6–3 premating, showed untowards effects by the steroid on both the timing of mating and pregnancy rate. The implications of these results are considered in relation to fertility control.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

scholarly journals The effect of feeding frequency and meal size on amounts of total and parotid saliva secreted by sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Carter ◽  
O. Brian Allen ◽  
W. Larry Grovum
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Production Response ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Saliva Production

Total and unilateral parotid saliva production during eating were measured in response to offering sheep a fixed amount of lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay as one, two, four or eight meals. Total saliva measurements were obtained using sham-fed oesophageal-fistulated sheep. Unilateral parotid saliva was collected from sheep fitted with reversible re-entrant cannulas. Dry matter intakes and eating times were measured for each meal but were not constrained to particular values. Total and unilateral parotid saliva production during eating increased linearly with the log of the number of meals (p = 0.0001). The amounts corresponding to one, two, four and eight meals of lucerne hay were 1553, 1737, 1851 and 2087 ml during total collections and 209, 248, 307 and 352 ml during unilateral parotid collections. The time-period spent eating and the amount of food consumed both increased as meal number increased. Total saliva collections when lucerne hay was sham-fed as one, two, four or eight meals were associated with eating times of 56.9, 57.4, 70.8 and 86.0 min and intakes of 562, 622, 629 and 638 g dry matter respectively. For unilateral parotid collections, eating times and dry matter intakes were 64.2, 71.3, 78.0, 82.1 min and 515, 579, 614 and 627 g for one, two, four and eight meals of lucerne hay respectively. The saliva production response appeared to be determined through the effects of the time-period spent eating and amounts consumed, but other undetermined effects of feeding frequency contributed to the response. The importance of meal duration on total saliva production was assessed by sham-feeding of 800 g lucerne as stem, leaf, hay, chopped hay or ground and pelleted hay. Increasing meal duration by feeding with stems resulted in the production of 1808 ml saliva, whereas the rapid consumption of pellets resulted in only 442 ml being produced.

EEG and Behavioral Changes following Neurofeedback Treatment in Learning Disabled Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fernández ◽  
W. Herrera ◽  
T. Harmony ◽  
L Díaz-Comas ◽  
E. Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Value ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socioeconomical Status ◽  
Experimental Group

Neurofeedback (NFB) is an operant conditioning procedure, by which the subject learns to control his/her EEG activity. On one hand, Learning Disabled (LD) children have higher values of theta EEG absolute and relative power than normal children, and on the other hand, it has been shown that minimum alpha absolute power is necessary for adequate performance. Ten LD children were selected with higher than normal ratios of theta to alpha absolute power (theta/alpha). The Test Of Variables of Attention (TOVA) was applied. Children were divided into two groups in order to maintain similar IQ values, TOVA values, socioeconomical status, and gender for each group. In the experimental group, NFB was applied in the region with highest ratio, triggering a sound each time the ratio fell below a threshold value. Noncontingent reinforcement was given to the other group. Twenty half-hour sessions were applied, at a rate of 2 per week. At the end of the 20 sessions, TOVA, WISC and EEG were obtained. There was significant improvement in WISC performance in the experimental group that was not observed in the control group. EEG absolute power decreased in delta, theta, alpha and beta bands in the experimental group. Control children only showed a decrease in relative power in the delta band. All changes observed in the experimental group and not observed in the control group indicate better cognitive performance and the presence of greater EEG maturation in the experimental group, which suggests that changes were due not only to development but also to NFB treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Variability of Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Brunschwig ◽  
François Xavier Collard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bianchini ◽  
Phila Raharivelomanana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In order to establish a chemical fingerprint of vanilla diversity, thirty samples of V. planifolia J. W. Moore and V. tahitensis G. Jackson cured beans from seven producing countries were examined for their aroma and fatty acid contents. Both fatty acid and aroma compositions were found to vary between vanilla species and origins. Vanillin was found in higher amounts in V. planifolia (1.7-3.6% of dry matter) than in V. tahitensis (1.0-2.0%), and anisyl compounds were found in lower amounts in V. planifolia (0.05%) than in V. tahitensis (1.4%-2.1%). Ten common and long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCFA) were identified and were found to be characteristic of the vanilla origin. LCFA derived from secondary metabolites have discriminating compositions as they reach 5.9% and 15.8% of total fatty acids, respectively in V. tahitensis and V. planifolia. This study highlights the role of the curing method as vanilla cured beans of two different species cultivated in the same country were found to have quite similar fatty acid compositions.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fat Composition and 2’Fucosyllactose on Neonatal Piglet Growth and Organ Lipid Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1038-1038
Author(s):  
Michael Miklus ◽  
Pedro Prieto ◽  
Cynthia Barber ◽  
Robert Rhoads ◽  
Samer El-Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of 2’fucosyllactose (2’FL) and fat blends on growth, body composition and fatty acid profile of the liver and brain using the neonatal pig as a model for the human infant. Methods Pigs (3 d old) were randomly assigned to either: 1. control, 2. Palm Olein (PO) fat blend – Low 2'-FL, 3. PO – High 2'-FL, 4. High oleic acid (HO) – Low 2'-FL, 5. HO FB – High 2'-FL, 6. PO FB – GLA, or 7. kept with their sows. Pigs in groups 1 to 6 received 250 ml·kg−1·d−1 of formula in 5 equal meals for 15 d. On day 14 of the study, groups 1–6 received intraperitoneal E. coli LPS challenge at 100 µg·kg−1 weight. Results Body weight was greater for piglets fed by sows than those in the other groups (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, % fat and bone mineral content were higher in the sow-fed group while lean % was less sow-fed piglets (group 7) compared with those in the other groups (P &lt; 0.05). Only longissimus weight expressed as a % of body weight, was greater for group 7 compared with all other groups (P &lt; 0.001). Soleus, semitendinosus, brain, heart and spleen weights as a % of body weight were similar across all groups. However, liver weight as a % of body weight was greater in groups 1–6 (3.7%) compared with group 7 (2.8%; P &lt; 0.001). The proportion of brain 16:1 fatty acid was less (0.83%) for groups 1–6 than for group 7 pigs (1.08%; P &lt; 0.0001). The proportion of 20:3 N6 was greatest (0.66%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 4 (0.55%; P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the proportion of 20:5 N3 was greatest (0.12%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 7 (0.07%; P &lt; 0.05). The proportion of liver 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 cis-11 fatty acids were greater for group 7 (2.3, 23, 2.2%) than groups 1–6 (0.2, 20, 1.2%; P &lt; 0.0001). Conversely, the contribution of 14:0, 18:1 cis-9, 18:3 N6 cis-6,9,12, and 22:6 N3 were greater for pigs in groups 1–6 (1.3, 0.6, and 14, 7.8%) compared with those in group 7 (0.5, 8.5, 0.2 and 3.5%; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions Our data suggest that feeding 2’fucosyllactose had no effect on the body weight gain and composition in neonatal pigs. Our data also suggest that dietary fatty acids have a greater effect on liver than on brain fatty acid composition. Funding Sources Funding for the work was provided by Perrigo Nutritionals, LLC.

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