Plant Layout Ergonomics: Impact of Problem and Solver Features on Layout Quality

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M. Clough ◽  
James R. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Facility Layout ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Problem Size ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Empirical Experiment

A study of people solving facility layout problems was made to estimate the effects of problem features on the quality of solutions obtained by novice and experienced subjects. An empirical experiment was conducted. Three features of these problems which were systematically varied in this study were: 1. Problem size, 2. Fraction of strong inter-departmental relationships, and 3. Fraction of departments requiring a non-standard amount of floor space. Both quantitative and subjective layout evaluations were made. It was found that layout quality was not affected by feature 3 for any values of the other features, using either evaluation method, and with either novice or experienced subjects. However, feature 2 proved to be significant for all experimental conditions, both evaluation methods, and with both subject groups. Feature 1 was a significant feature in some situations, but was not significant in others. Some differences in problem solving approaches were observed. There was a significant relationship between the design of higher quality layouts by experienced subjects and the use of a Relationship Diagram. Reducing the problem size and/or percentage of strong inter-departmental relationships in a problem may make a higher quality layout easier to achieve.

Limitations of Procedures for Improving Group Problem Solving

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman R. F. Maier ◽  
James A. Thurber
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Group Problem ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Group Problem Solving ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Idea Evaluation

These experiments were designed to test whether the quality of group problem solving could be improved by instructing groups to follow certain procedures. 192 groups of 2 male and 1 female S each solved Maier's Sewing Room Case under 4 different experimental conditions: I—no instructions regarding processes or procedures to follow; II—instructions for carrying out idea-evaluation in two separate stages; III—instructions requesting diagnosis and factual support for each solution generated; and IV—instructions requiring locating obstacles before generating solutions. The results show limited support for the value of such instructions. These marginally significant results were due to a relatively small number of groups conforming to the experimental manipulation rather than to the inadequacy of the principles on which the manipulations were based. Some directed training in use of problem-solving principles, rather than a mere knowledge of them, seems to be essential in achieving high qualiry solutions. Idea-evaluation seems to suffer in group problem solving. Brainstorming, which stresses idea-getting, has its limitations because it leaves the evaluation to outside judges.

scholarly journals An exploratory test of an intuitive evaluation method of perceived argument strength

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Hornikx ◽  
Annemarie Weerman ◽  
Hans Hoeken
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strength Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Measures ◽  
Argument Strength ◽  
Validity Measures ◽  
Evaluation Measure

According to Mercier and Sperber (2009, 2011, 2017), people have an immediate and intuitive feeling about the strength of an argument. These intuitive evaluations are not captured by current evaluation methods of argument strength, yet they could be important to predict the extent to which people accept the claim supported by the argument. In an exploratory study, therefore, a newly developed intuitive evaluation method to assess argument strength was compared to an explicit argument strength evaluation method (the PAS scale; Zhao et al., 2011), on their ability to predict claim acceptance (predictive validity) and on their sensitivity to differences in the manipulated quality of arguments (construct validity). An experimental study showed that the explicit argument strength evaluation performed well on the two validity measures. The intuitive evaluation measure, on the other hand, was not found to be valid. Suggestions for other ways of constructing and testing intuitive evaluation measures are presented.

An Assessment of the Effect of Remuneration on the Construction Performances of the Professionals in the Nigerian Building Industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
J.A.B. Awoles ◽  
C.A. Ayedun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Resource Manager ◽  
Environmental Resource ◽  
Other Hand

Construction professionals are the authors on one hand and co-executors of constructionprojects on the other, therefore, the quality of the services expected of them in constructionproject delivery as environmental resource manager is key. This paper investigated whetherquality of service of the construction professionals in Nigeria is influenced by the level ofprofessional fees receivable for services rendered hence their resource management role. Thedeterminants of service quality are identified and their means of evaluation examined usingthe SERVQUAL; instrument used for measurement of the service quality on responses gotfrom a set of questionnaires administered on the construction stakeholders comprising of theconstruction clients on one hand and the construction professionals on the other hand inLagos, Nigeria with a view to assessing the perception of the clients regarding the quality ofservices being received from their construction professionals vis-a-vis clients expectations.The study revealed that there was no significant relationship between the level of fees paidand the quality of service rendered by the construction professionals as the result of theanalysis of variance between service quality gap and the various methods of fees paid is notreflected in the service quality of construction professionals.

scholarly journals Coping in Centenarians: Patterns and Correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
Kim Uittenhove ◽  
Daniela Jopp ◽  
Kathrin Boerner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coping Pattern ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
Strategy Types

Abstract Coping strategies are a source of resilience, yet little is known about their use in centenarians. We examined patterns in coping strategy use and determined how these patterns were associated with characteristics such as personality, cognitive status, quality of life, and health. We analyzed data from the Fordham Centenarian Study (N = 119), where centenarians responded to 40 items covering 10 coping dimensions (e.g., active problem-solving, support seeking, reappraisal). Findings revealed two clusters which differed in amount and strategy types: One was characterized by high use of many strategies which addressed the problem and its appraisal. The other was characterized by a smaller strategy repertoire, with very limited use of problem-focused strategies. The more varied and problem-focused coping pattern was associated with other characteristics, such as personality (e.g., extraversion) and quality of life (e.g., well-being). Findings suggest variation in coping profiles associated with resilience in centenarians.

scholarly journals Integrasi Literasi Matematika Berdasarkan Self-Efficacy Pada Discovery Learning-Hots

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1072-1080
Author(s):  
Wihdati Martalyna
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Discovery Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Mathematical Literacy ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Positive Effect

Mathematical literacy is mathematical thinking to examine and analyze a phenomenon, and solve problems for many scientific disciplines. The development of mathematical literacy based on HOTS allows students to ask questions, identify problems, and engage problem solving discussions. Soft skills of self-efficacy belief in self-ability also contributes to the students’ problem solving. The purposes of this study were to describe the quality of Discovery Learning-HOTS on mathematical literacy, to describe students' mathematical literacy based on self-efficacy, and to analyze the effect of self-efficacy on mathematical literacy. The research subjects were students of grade X of SMA 1 Slawi Senior High School. The result of this research showed that Discovery Learning-HOTS had positive effect towards students' mathematical literacy. Students with high self-efficacy mastered four aspects of the process in mathematical literacy very well, and mastered the other three aspects well with few mistakes. Students with medium self-efficacy mastered one aspect very well, and the other six aspects well with some mistakes. Furthermore, students with low self-efficacy, mastered five aspects not as well as the medium, and had not been able to master the other two aspects. Self-efficacy had positive effect of 34.6% towards mathematical literacy in Discovery Learning-HOTS

RENDIMENTO DE CARCAÇAS EM LINHAGENS COMERCIAIS DE FRANGOS DE CORTE

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ SIDNEY FLEMMING ◽  
STEPHAN A. JANZEN ◽  
MÁRCIA AKENI ENDO
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Experimental Conditions

O presente trabalho de pesquisa visou básicamente o estudo do rendimento de partes da carcaça com e sem ossos entre as cinco linhagens de frango de corte mais utilizadas hoje no Brasil (Ross Cobb, Hubbard, Arbor Acres e Isa Vedette) com o intuito de identificar a linhagem de maior potencial de rendimento assegurando suas vantagens em relação às outras linhagens comerciais de frango de corte. O experimento foi conduzido na Cooperativa Agrícola Consolata Ltda. (COPACOL), sendo constituído por 5 tratamentos, com 4 repetições, sendo que cada repetição continha 160 aves. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em T1 (Ross), T2 (Cobb), T3 (Hubbard), T4 (Arbor Acres), T5 (Isa Vedette); a ração comercial foi a de uso normal na integração avícola. Foram analisados ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, peso de carcaça, viabilidade do lote e índice de eficiência. A linhagem Ross mostrou-se superior às demais com resultados significativamente melhores (P < 0,10), a segunda melhor linhagem testada foi a Cobb sendo inferior apenas à Ross. As linhagens Hubbard, Arbor Acres e Isa Vedette praticamente não apresentaram diferenças entre si, sendo que a Isa e Arbor Acres são as que apresentaram uma tendência a piores resultados. Abstract The main purpose of this research was to identify the best lineage of poultry among the main ones currently used today in Brazil (Ross, Cobb, Hubbard, Arbor Acres, Isa Vedette) in terms of quality of the carcass and of the bone removed parts. The experiment was carried out at Cooperativa Agrícola Consolata Ltda. (COPACOL). Five groups of 160 broilers each, with four repetitions of the same experimental conditions, were assembled. The groups were disposed as T1 (Ross), T2 (Cobb), T3 (Hubbard), T4 (Arbor Acres), and T5 (Isa Vedette). Commercial ration was used throughout the experiment. Weight gain, ration consumption, food conversion, carcass weight, viability and efficiencies were recorded and analyzed. Ross lineage showed to be superior in regard to the other ones, with significant results (p < 0.10), followed by Cobb and Hubbard lineages, the two latter ones showing no differences among them, while Isa Vedette and Arbor Acres, show a tendency for less satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Tavuklarda Yumurta Şekil İndeksinin Kuluçka Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erol Aşcı ◽  
İsmail Durmuş
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Egg Weight

In this study, the effects of egg shape index on hatching characteristics (fertility rate, embryo mortality, hatchability of fertile eggs and hatchability), egg weight loss, chick weight, sex ratio and quality of chicks were investigated. A total of 960 eggs of ATAK- S hybrid parents obtained from Ankara Poultry Research Station were divided into three different groups (SI≤71, 72≤SI≤76, SI≤77) based on shape index and were used. A significant relationship between fertility rate and late embryonic mortality was found in the shape index groups. On the other hand, no differences were found in the rate of weight loss at 18 day, early and middle embryonic mortality, malposition rate, hatchability, sex ratio and chick quality among the shape index groups. It was concluded that shape index affected the hatching results and also that eggs of abnormal shape index should not be used for hatching.

Einstellung: Knowledge of the Phenomenon Facilitates Problem Solving

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (18) ◽  
pp. 1277-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lane ◽  
Dean G. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Unexpected Event ◽  
The Third ◽  
Easy Problem ◽  
Problem Solvers

If subjects are given a series of problems that all have the same type of solution, they often have great difficulty with a subsequent problem that would ordinarily be solved very easily. This phenomenon is referred to as psychic blindness or Einstellung. This study explored whether knowledge of the Einstellung phenomenon facilitates problem solving. Eight subjects in each of three experimental conditions were given set-inducing problems followed by an otherwise easy “critical” problem that could not be solved by the strategy used on the set-inducing problems. Subjects in one condition worked on the easy problem without interruption. Subjects in a second condition were interrupted by an unexpected event. Subjects in a third condition were interrupted by a message explaining how the ability to solve an otherwise easy problem could be inhibited after solving a series of problems with more difficult solutions. Subjects given this hint were three times more likely to solve the easy problem than were subjects in the other experimental conditions. Four subjects in the No-Set Control condition all solved the easy problem by the third trial. The implications for training electronics technicians, computer programmers and other problem solvers are discussed.

scholarly journals Education Curriculum of Learning In Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Vedamoni Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Visual Learners

To develop in children a broad range of skills, including the problem solving, interpersonal and communication skills that are essential for successful living in a rapidly changing society. The curriculum encourages student initiative by providing children with materials, equipment, and time to pursue activities they choose. At the same time, it provides teachers with a framework for guiding children’s independent activities toward sequenced learning goals. There are seven specific types of learning styles. Visual learners prefer to learn mathematics through pictures, diagrams etc. A well-balanced intelligent child is able to develop all the types of learning styles. The students have to understand and accept their type of learning style earlier so that learning becomes easier and less stressful in the future. But it is important to train and practice the other types of learning styles so that the children can utilize them as effectively as possible. The teacher plays a key role in instructional activities by selecting appropriate, developmentally sequenced material and by encouraging children to adopt an active problem-solving approach to learning. This teacher-student interaction teachers helping students achieve developmentally sequenced goals while also encouraging them to set many of their own goals uniquely distinguishes the High/Scope Curriculum from direct-instruction and child-centered curricula (high/Scope Educational Research Foundation, 1989). Teachers keep notes about significant behaviors, changes, statements, and things that help them better understand a child’s way of thinking and learning. Teachers use two mechanisms to help them collect data: the key experiences note form and a portfolio. The High/Scope Child Observation Record is also used to assess children’s development. According to Ronald Barnett, learning may or may not take place when a subject is taught. While discussing this point he has presented two contrasting images of quality. They are institutional performance and student experience, student learning or student achievement. The teacher in his opinion is central to higher education. Teaching may be able to improve the quality of student’s learning but the teacher should remind himself that it may also impair the quality of student’s learning. This is partly because student’s learning strategies vary under two polarities, one between deep and surface understanding and the other between holistic and atomistic understanding of their learning experiences. He goes on to add that for a student, learning has three distinct aspects: learning style, motivation and curriculum demands. Therefore teachers have to pursue, beyond teaching strategies to enable their students to attain certain specific skills.

scholarly journals Electrical Conductivity, pH, Minerals, and Sensory Evaluation of Airag (Fermented Mare’s Milk)

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Ryouta Tsuchiya ◽  
Takayuki Kawai ◽  
Tserenpurev Bat-Oyun ◽  
Masato Shinoda ◽  
Yuki Morinaga
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taste Changes ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
Taste Evaluation ◽  
Production Areas

Traditional airag (fermented mare’s milk) is a sour, slightly alcoholic drink handmade by Mongolian nomads. As airag is not heated after production, the fermentation continues to proceed and the taste changes rapidly. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of the sensory taste evaluation of airag with some properties—electrical conductivity (EC), pH and concentrations of macro minerals (calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and sodium (Na))—of airag. We held an airag contest in Mogod county, one of the most famous airag production areas, in order to collect samples of airag for the analysis of airag properties and to conduct an airag taste evaluation by Mongolian people. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the EC-value was related to the evaluation score of airag. Except for EC, no statistically significant relationship between the taste score and the other properties was found in this study. It was concluded that the EC-value would be a simple measurement indicator for evaluating the quality of airag on site.

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