The Long and the Short of It: Influence of Interstimulus Interval on Auditory P300 Abnormalities in Schizophrenia

Event-related brain potentials were recorded from 10 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia (9 men) and 10 healthy control subjects (9 men) during the performance of two auditory oddball tasks, one using a 1.5 second interstimulus interval (ISI), the other using an 8 second ISI. P300 amplitude to target tones (.20 probability) and standard tones (.80 probability) were measured from midline electrodes Fz, Cz, and Pz. Results showed different effects of ISI in the two groups. Controls showed a slight decrease in P300 amplitude to targets but a marked increase in P300 to standards with the increase in ISI. In contrast, schizophrenic patients showed no change in the P300 to targets and a relatively small increase in P300 to standards with the ISI increase. Moreover, relative to the controls, P300 amplitude to targets was reduced in the schizophrenic patients at the short but not the long ISI. Implications for the cognitive significance of the P300 and its reduction in schizophrenia are discussed.

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Attachment disorganization in different clinical groups: What underpins unresolved attachment?

Psihologija ◽

10.2298/psi1302127j ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 127-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Florian Juen ◽

Lisa Arnold ◽

Dominik Meissner ◽

Tobias Nolte ◽

Anna Buchheim

Keyword(s):

Personal Experience ◽

The Other ◽

Disorganized Attachment ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Attachment Pattern ◽

Attachment Disorganization ◽

High Degree

This paper summarizes findings and clinical implications of research on attachment disorganization in diverse clinical groups. Disorganized/unresolved attachment is overrepresented in these groups compared to healthy control participants, but disorder specific characteristics of this attachment pattern are still poorly understood. The focus of this study was to explore defensive processes in participants whose narratives were classified as disorganized/unresolved using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). Besides the predominance of disorganized attachment, clinical participants demonstrated more ?segregated system material? especially in stories representing aloneness and more ?Personal Experience material? compared to healthy individuals. Within the disorganized/ unresolved clinical individuals, BPD and PTSD patients showed the highest proportion of attachment disorganization and were less able to use other attachment-related defenses to maintain organized. Furthermore, PTSD patients were emotionally overwhelmed by the projective attachment scenes compared to the other clinical groups as indexed by an incapacity to complete sections of the AAP. BPD and addicted patients were characterized by a high degree of self-other boundary confusion. Depressive and schizophrenic patients showed a high overall defensive intensity to remain organized.

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Counterfactual thinking in schizophrenia patients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72121-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 413-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Caño ◽

F. Contreras ◽

J.M. Menchón

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Mental Representations ◽

Counterfactual Thinking ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Behavioral Regulation ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

The Mean

IntroductionCounterfactual thoughts (CFT) are mental representations of alternatives to past events, actions or states. For example, “If only I had studied, I would have passed the exam”).CFT in healthy subjects is associated with learning, behavioral regulation and planning.Damage to the prefrontal brain regions has been related to decreased generation and use of CFT. Due to the fact that frontal deficits are documented in patients with schizophrenia, it is expected that these patients could also present impairments in CFT.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to examine the role of the generation of CFT in schizophrenia patients.MethodsForty subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and 40 healthy control participants were recruited. The two groups were matched in age, education, and handedness.To investigate the generation of CTF we used an adaptation of the task made by Wells, Taylor & Turtle (1987). In this task, we presented to the subjects one history with 4 different scenarios. After the presentation of the history, we asked to the subjects that list alternatives to solve the problem presented in the history.ResultsThe schizophrenic patients generated less responses of CTF that controls. The patients obtained a mean of responses of 1.48 (1 SD). The mean for the controls was 2.08 (.971 SD). The control subjects generated significantly more counterfactual responses than schizophrenic patients ([t (78) = −2.670, p = .269]).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that patients with schizophrenia have impoverished the generation of CFT compared to normal control participants.

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Event-related potentials and white matter lesions in bipolar disorder

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.140102.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. F. P. M. Vuurman ◽

A. Honig ◽

T. H. Lamers ◽

J. Wiersma ◽

L. Krabbendam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

White Matter ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Brain Disorder ◽

Auditory Oddball ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Bipolar Patients

Objectives:To investigate neurophysiological parameters which possibly distinguish subtypes I and II of patients with a bipolar disorder, and contrast the findings with observations from a group of schizophrenic patients and a group of healthy controls.Methods:Sixty-six volunteers underwent a MRI scan to determine the number and location of white matter lesions (WSL). A electrophysiological registration was made while all volunteers performed a auditory ‘oddball’ task, and the amplitude of the resulting P300 wave was compared.Results:Earlier reports of higher numbers of WSL in bipolar disorder were not replicated in this study. Subtypes I and II showed a different P300 amplitude and subtype I resembled the results of the schizophrenia group.Conclusion:Bipolar patients in remission have a functional brain disorder that is expressed by a change in physiological response to external stimuli.

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Comparative Dermatoglyphic Study Between Schizophrenic Patients and Healthy Controls

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v10i2.42781 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 66-72

Author(s):

Rashed Mustafa ◽

Akhtari Afroze ◽

Sabrina Sobnom ◽

Abdullah Al Mamun Hossain ◽

Md Shameem Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Science ◽

Control Loop ◽

Ridge Pattern ◽

Fingerprint Pattern ◽

Loop Pattern ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Being There ◽

Genetically Determined ◽

Selection Of

Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is the branch of medical science that is concerned with the study of dermal ridges present on fingers, palms, toes and the soles of the human being. There may have some association between fingerprints and schizophrenia regarding the developmental background of skin ridge pattern and brain.So this study was conducted to find out the fingerprint patterns in schizophrenic patients and also to find out sex variation of fingerprint patterns in between schizophrenic male and schizophrenic female. Objective: This study was carried out with a view to find out the fingerprint patterns in schizophrenic patients. Methodology: A total of 200 samples were selected. Among them, 100 were schizophrenic and 100 were normal healthy control. Samples were taken in between 15 to 40 years of age. Selection of schizophrenic sample was performed by a qualified psychiatrist. Fingerprints were taken by Ink and pad method, described by Cummins. Fingerprint patterns were observed by using a magnifying glass. Results: The frequency of common fingerprint pattern was reduced in schizophrenia. In healthy control loop pattern was predominant. But in schizophrenia frequency of loop pattern was reduced and there was an increased frequency of whorl and arch pattern. Conclusion: Asdermatoglyphics is genetically determined, predominant whorl and arch pattern found among the schizophrenic patients might provide a presumptive value which would aid in diagnosis of the disease. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-2, July 2019, Page 66-72

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Ghrelin and orexin levels in infertile male: evaluation of effects on varicocele pathophysiology, relationship seminal and hormonal parameter

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2020-0084 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Üçler Kısa ◽

M. Murad Başar ◽

Timuçin Şipal ◽

Özlem Doğan Ceylan

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Infertile Male ◽

Seminal Parameters ◽

Other Hand ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

Serum Ghrelin ◽

Infertile Patients ◽

Group 1

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate serum ghrelin and orexin levels in patients with varicocele and compare these levels with idiopathic infertile male and healthy control cases.MethodsThis study enrolled 24 men with varicocele, 24 males having idiopathic infertility, and 21 fertile men as the control group. Hormonal analyses, ghrelin and orexin levels were measured samples. Semen was analyzed after 3 and 5 days of sexual abstinence.ResultsSerum ghrelin levels were statistically different among the three groups (p=0.015), and it was due to a statistically lower level in group-1 than the level in the control cases (p=0.012). On the other hand, serum orexin levels were lower than healthy subjects in infertile groups with/without varicocele, but there was no difference (p=0.685) among three groups. Serum ghrelin level showed a negative and significant correlation only with sperm motility (r=−0.646, p=0.022), there was no correlation with other parameters. On the other hand, serum orexin levels did not show a significant correlation with seminal parameters.ConclusionBoth new investigated peptides ghrelin and orexin have regulatory effects on testicular function. However, ghrelin has a more obvious and complex effect on spermatogenesis. Impaired seminal parameters, especially motility was associated with increased serum ghrelin levels in infertile patients, especially with varicocele.

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Self-monitoring in patients with schizophrenia

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291704002454 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 1561-1569 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

GÜNTHER KNOBLICH ◽

FRANK STOTTMEISTER ◽

TILO KIRCHER

Keyword(s):

Hand Movements ◽

Control Group ◽

Formal Thought Disorder ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

The Core ◽

Matched Healthy Control ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Core Symptoms ◽

The Relationship

Background. The present study investigated whether a failure of self-monitoring contributes to core syndromes of schizophrenia.Method. Three groups of patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia (n=27), with either prominent paranoid hallucinatory or disorganization syndrome, or without these symptoms, and a matched healthy control group (n=23) drew circles on a writing pad connected to a PC monitor. Subjects were instructed to continuously monitor the relationship between their hand movements and their visual consequences. They were asked to detect gain changes in the mapping. Self-monitoring ability and the ability to automatically correct movements were assessed.Results. Patients with either paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome or formal thought disorder were selectively impaired in their ability to detect a mismatch between a self-generated movement and its consequences, but not impaired in their ability to automatically compensate for the gain change.Conclusions. These results support the claim that a failure of self-monitoring may underlie the core symptoms of schizophrenia.

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Sinistrality in subtypes of schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00677-6 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 272-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sonia Dollfus ◽

Jacqueline A. Buijsrogge ◽

Karim Benali ◽

Pascal Delamillieure ◽

Perrine Brazo

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Language Disorders ◽

Normal Process ◽

Deficit Syndrome ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

Hemisphere Specialization

SummarySinistrality, characterized by an excess of non-right-handedness, has been reported in schizophrenic patients, but the findings are controversial.Aim.As sinistrality could be linked to a failure of hemisphere specialization in schizophrenia that would translate into language disorders, sinistrality was found out in disorganized and positive schizophrenic patients characterized by language disorders.Methods.Seventy-three schizophrenic patients (DSM IV) and 81 controls were evaluated with the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI). Patients were evaluated and classified into five subtypes (deficit, positive, disorganized, mixed and residual) with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome.Results.Disorganized patients had a significantly more severe sinistrality in comparison to the deficit, residual and mixed subtypes and controls. A negative correlation was found between the disorganization and the EHI scores (r = – 0.34; P < 0.01). A significantly more severe sinistrality was also observed in the positive subtype in comparison to controls, but there was no correlation between hallucinatory and EHI scores (r = 0.06).Conclusion.The findings provided further evidence that the defects in the normal process of lateralization observed in schizophrenia affects primarily disorganized patients.

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Emotion modulates cognitive flexibility in patients with major depression

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291711002418 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 1373-1382 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

F. C. Murphy ◽

A. Michael ◽

B. J. Sahakian

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Cognitive Flexibility ◽

Executive Control ◽

The Other ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Performance Accuracy ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Emotional Category ◽

And Control

BackgroundDepression is associated with alterations of emotional and cognitive processing, and executive control in particular. Previous research has shown that depressed patients are impaired in their ability to shift attention from one emotional category to another, but whether this shifting deficit is more evident on emotional relative to non-emotional cognitive control tasks remains unclear.MethodThe performance of patients with major depressive disorder and matched healthy control participants was compared on neutral and emotional variants of a dynamic cognitive control task that requires participants to shift attention and response from one category to another.ResultsRelative to controls, depressed patients were impaired on both tasks, particularly in terms of performance accuracy. In the neutral go/no-go task, the ability of depressed patients to flexibly shift attention and response from one class of neutral stimuli to the other was unimpaired. This contrasted with findings for the emotional go/no-go task, where responding was slower specifically on blocks of trials that required participants to shift attention and response from one emotional category to the other.ConclusionsThe present data indicate that any depression-related difficulties with cognitive flexibility and control may be particularly evident on matched tasks that require processing of relevant emotional, rather than simply neutral, stimuli. The implications of these findings for our developing understanding of cognitive and emotional control processes in depression are discussed.

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Availability of dopamine transporters and auditory P300 abnormalities in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: preliminary results

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852917000049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 264-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ching-Lin Chu ◽

I Hui Lee ◽

Mei Hung Chi ◽

Kao Chin Chen ◽

Po See Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Photon Emission ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Emission Computed Tomography ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Auditory P300 ◽

Related Potentials

ObjectivePrevious studies have indicated that there is dopamine transporter (DAT) dysregulation and P300 abnormality in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the correlations among the three have not been fully explored.MethodsA total of 11 adults (9 males and 2 females) with ADHD and 11 age-, sex-, and education-level-matched controls were recruited. We explored differences in DAT availability using single-photon emission computed tomography and P300 wave of event-related potentials between the two groups. The correlation between DAT availability and P300 performance was also examined.ResultsDAT availability in the basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, and putamen was significantly lower in the ADHD group. Adults with ADHD had lower auditory P300 amplitudes at the Pz and Cz sites, as well as longer Fz latency than controls. DAT availability was negatively correlated to P300 latency at Pz and Fz.ConclusionsAdults with ADHD had both abnormal DAT availability and P300 amplitude, suggesting that ADHD is linked to dysfunction of the central dopaminergic system and poor cognitive processes related to response selection and execution.

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Auditory P300 as a Neurophysiological Correlate of Symptomatic Improvement by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience ◽

10.1177/1550059418815228 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 252-258

Author(s):

Minah Kim ◽

Tak Hyung Lee ◽

Wu Jeong Hwang ◽

Tae Young Lee ◽

Jun Soo Kwon

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Symptomatic Improvement ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Auditory P300 ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Positive And Negative Symptoms

Background. The reduced amplitude, prolonged latency, and increased intertrial variability of auditory P300 have been consistently reported in relation to the symptomatic severity of schizophrenia. This study investigated whether auditory P300 event-related potentials can be used as an objective indicator of symptomatic improvement by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with schizophrenia. Methods. Ten patients with schizophrenia received 20 minutes of 2-mA tDCS twice a day for 5 consecutive weekdays. The anode was placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the cathode was placed over the left temporo-parietal cortex. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the auditory P300 were measured for each participant at baseline and after the completion of the tDCS applications. Results. The participants showed significant improvement in the positive and negative symptoms as indexed by change in the PANSS scores by the tDCS. The P300 amplitude, latency, and intertrial variability did not statistically significantly differ after the tDCS application. However, a significant association was observed between the reduced P300 intertrial variability and improvement in the positive symptoms by tDCS. In addition, the changes in both the P300 latency and intertrial variability were significantly correlated with reduced negative symptoms after the tDCS application. Conclusions. Although this pilot study is limited by the small sample size and lack of a sham control, the results suggest that auditory P300 may be a putative marker reflecting the effect of tDCS on the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

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