Professor William Wayne Babcock (1872-1963) and His Innovations in Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-537
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Laios
Keyword(s):  
American Medical Association ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Anal Sphincters ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Cancer Of The Rectum ◽  
International College ◽  
Master Surgeon

Professor William Wayne Babcock (1872-1963) is considered as a leading figure of American surgery during early 20th century. He introduced many innovative surgical techniques such as Babcock operation for the treatment of varicose veins, the Babcock-Bacon operation for the treatment of cancer of the rectum and sigmoid colon preserving anal sphincters, the “soup bone” cranioplasty technique, and the nerve disassociation technique for the relief of certain forms of paralysis or parasthesia due to injury or inflammation. He invented many surgical instruments such as Babcock forceps, which is widely used in everyday surgical practice, the Babcock probe, and also sump drain and lamp chimney sump drain, which also bear his name. In 1947, he received the Master Surgeon Award from the International College of Physicians and Surgeons and in 1954 the American Medical Association presented him with the Distinguished Service Medal.

Recurrent Varicose Veins in Surgical Practice

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pereira Alves ◽  
J. Neves ◽  
T. Soares ◽  
C.M. Alves Pereira ◽  
David Negus
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Recurrent Varicose Veins

Recurrent varicose veins are often regarded as inevitable. To confirm or refute this point we have analysed the last 20 patients operated on in our vascular unit. Results have shown that majority of recurrences were due to inadequate primary treatment, with inadequate ligation of sapheno–femoral junction the most frequent cause.

Training Skills in Minimally Invasive, Robotic and Open Surgery: Brain Activation as an Opportunity for Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
Gloria Pelizzo ◽  
Lucilla Cardinali ◽  
Lilla Bonanno ◽  
Silvia Marino ◽  
Carlo Cavaliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Open Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Starting Point

Introduction: The advantages of the robotic approach in surgery are undisputed. However, during surgical training, how this technique influences the learning curve has not been described. We provide a tentative model for analyzing the learning curves associated with observation and active participation in learning different surgical techniques, using functional imaging. Methods: Forty medical students were enrolled and assigned to 4 groups who underwent training in robotic (ROB), laparoscopic (LAP), or open (OPEN) surgery, and a control group that performed motor training without surgical instruments. Surgical/motor training included six 1-h sessions completed over 6 days of the same week. All subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning sessions, before and after surgical training during. Results: Twenty-three participants completed the study. The 3 surgical groups exhibited different learning curves during training. The main effects of the day of training (p < 0.01) and the group (p < 0.01) as well as a significant interaction of day of training group (p < 0.01) were observed. The performance increased in the first 4 days, reaching a peak at day 4, when all groups were considered together. The OPEN group showed the best performance compared to all other groups (p < 0.04). The OPEN group showed a rapid improvement in performance, which peaked at day 4 and decreased on the last day. Similarly, the LAP group showed a steady increase in the number of exercises they completed, which continued for the entire training period and reached a peak on the last day. However, the participants training in ROB surgery, after a performance initially indistinguishable from that of the LAP group, had a dip in their performance, quickly followed by an improvement and reaching a plateau on day 4. fMRI analysis documented the different involvement of the cortical and subcortical areas based on the type of training. Surgical training modified the activation of some brain regions during both observation and the execution of tasks. Conclusions: Differences in the learning curves of the 3 surgical groups were noted. Functional brain activity represents an interesting starting point to guide training programs.

Treatment of elbow instability: state of the art

2020 ◽  
pp. jisakos-2019-000316
Author(s):  
Alessandro Marinelli ◽  
Benjamin R Graves ◽  
Gregory Ian Bain ◽  
Luigi Pederzini
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Elbow Instability ◽  
Soft Tissue Healing ◽  
Tissue Healing

The elbow is a congruent joint with a high degree of inherent stability, provided by osseous and soft-tissue constraints; however, when substantial lesions of these stabilising structures happen, instability of the elbow occurs. Significant improvements in surgical elbow instability diagnosis and treatment have been recently introduced both for acute and chronic cases. Specific stress tests, recently introduced in the clinical practice, and different imaging techniques, both static and dynamic, allow assessment of the elbow stabilisers and detection of the instability direction and mechanism even in subtle forms. Many surgical techniques have been standardised and surgical instruments and devices, specifically dedicated to elbow instability treatment, have been developed. Specific rehabilitation protocols have been designed to protect the healing of the elbow stabilisers while minimising elbow stiffness. However, despite the progress, surgical treatments can be challenging even for expert surgeons and the rate of persistent instability, post-traumatic arthritis, stiffness and pain can be still high especially in most demanding cases. The biology of the soft-tissue healing remains one of the most important aspects for future investigation. If future research will help to understand, correct or modulate the biological response of soft-tissue healing, our confidence in elbow instability management and the reproducibility of our treatment will tremendously improve. In this paper, the state of the art of the current knowledge of elbow instability is presented, specifically focusing on modern surgical techniques used to solve instability, with repair or reconstruction of the damaged elbow stabilisers.

scholarly journals AOSpine Consensus Paper on Nomenclature for Working-Channel Endoscopic Spinal Procedures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 111S-121S ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph P. Hofstetter ◽  
Yong Ahn ◽  
Gun Choi ◽  
J. N. A. Gibson ◽  
S. Ruetten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Lumbar Discectomy ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Endoscopic Procedures ◽  
Endoscopic Spine Surgery ◽  
Consensus Paper ◽  
Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Study Design: International consensus paper on a unified nomenclature for full-endoscopic spine surgery. Objectives: Minimally invasive endoscopic spinal procedures have undergone rapid development during the past decade. Evolution of working-channel endoscopes and surgical instruments as well as innovation in surgical techniques have expanded the types of spinal pathology that can be addressed. However, there is in the literature a heterogeneous nomenclature defining approach corridors and procedures, and this lack of common language has hampered communication between endoscopic spine surgeons, patients, hospitals, and insurance providers. Methods: The current report summarizes the nomenclature reported for working-channel endoscopic procedures that address cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal pathology. Results: We propose a uniform system that defines the working-channel endoscope (full-endoscopic), approach corridor (anterior, posterior, interlaminar, transforaminal), spinal segment (cervical, thoracic, lumbar), and procedure performed (eg, discectomy, foraminotomy). We suggest the following nomenclature for the most common full-endoscopic procedures: posterior endoscopic cervical foraminotomy (PECF), transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy (TETD), transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD), transforaminal lumbar foraminotomy (TELF), interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD), interlaminar endoscopic lateral recess decompression (IE-LRD), and lumbar endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (LE-ULBD). Conclusions: We believe that it is critical to delineate a consensus nomenclature to facilitate uniformity of working-channel endoscopic procedures within academic scholarship. This will hopefully facilitate development, standardization of procedures, teaching, and widespread acceptance of full-endoscopic spinal procedures.

Varicose vein surgery in elderly patients: What needs to be considered?

Phlebologie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (04) ◽  
pp. 221-223
Author(s):  
A. Mumme ◽  
M. Dünnweber
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Vein ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Anaesthetic Techniques ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Laryngeal Tube ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Varicose Vein Surgery ◽  
Operative Trauma

SummaryThe need for invasive therapeutic measures in patients with varicose veins increases in an ageing population. Modern varicose vein surgery is particularly suitable for this age group, precisely because the stage of the disease is often advanced in geriatric patients. Gentle surgical techniques, such as invaginated stripping, cause the least possible operative trauma and are therefore especially suitable for the aged body. Less stressful anaesthetic techniques, such as tumescence, spinal anaesthesia or total intravenous anaesthesia with the use of a laryngeal tube, are likewise particularly well-suited for the treatment of geriatric patients with varicose veins.Special criteria regarding the ASA classification and anticoagulation must be applied when considering the perioperative risk in frequently multimorbid geriatric patients. Very few complications generally occur in patients at ASA stages 1 and 2 and under single anticoagulant therapy, and surgery is feasible even in elderly people. In the case of existing phenprocoumon treatment, bridging should be critically considered on a case-by-case basis. Perioperative prevention and management of hypothermia and special procedures to obtain postoperative convalescence should also be adapted to the particular needs of the elderly patient.

scholarly journals Plastic Surgery Pioneers of the Central Powers in the Great War

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
RobertLlewellyn Thomas ◽  
Anton Fries ◽  
Darryl Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Pedicle Flap ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Trench Warfare ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Plastic surgical techniques were described in antiquity and the Middle Ages; however, the genesis of modern plastic surgery is in the early 20th century. The exigencies of trench warfare, combined with medical and technological advances at that time, enabled pioneers such as Sir Harold Gillies to establish what is now recognized as plastic and reconstructive surgery. The physicians of Germany, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire were faced with the same challenges; it is fascinating to consider parallel developments in these countries. A literature review was performed relating to the work of Esser, Lanz, Joseph, Morestin, and Filatov. Their original textbooks were reviewed. We describe the clinical, logistical, and psychological approaches to managing plastic surgical patients of these physicians and compare and contrast them to those of the Allies, identifying areas of influence such as Gillies’ adoption of Filatov's tube pedicle flap.

The quiet revolution: retractorless surgery for complex vascular and skull base lesions

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Spetzler ◽  
Nader Sanai
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Patient Positioning ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Quiet Revolution ◽  
Skull Base Lesions

Object Smaller operative exposures, endoscopic approaches, and minimally invasive neurosurgery have emerged as a dominant trend in the modern era. In keeping with this evolution, the authors have recently eliminated the use of fixed retractors, instead employing dynamic retraction, with the use of handheld instruments. In the present study, the authors report the results of applying this strategy to challenging vascular and skull base lesions. Methods This 6-month study prospectively analyzed the use of retractorless surgery in a consecutive series of 223 patients with intracranial vascular or skull base lesions undergoing craniotomy. A single surgeon performed all operations. Results The microsurgical approaches (in descending order of frequency) included an orbitozygomatic craniotomy (77 patients [35%]), frontal (36 patients [16%]), retrosigmoid (27 patients [12%]), interhemispheric (16 patients [7%]), and lateral supracerebellar (15 patients [7%]). The most common lesions were aneurysms (83 lesions overall [37%]), 18 of which required a bypass. Of 159 vascular lesions, there were also 46 cavernous malformations (29%). Meningiomas were the most common skull base tumors (37 cases [58%]). Of the 223 patients, 7 cases of various vascular and skull base lesions required fixed retraction. Therefore, 97% of the cases were successfully treated without a self-retaining retractor system. Conclusions Fixed retraction can be supplanted by dynamic retraction with surgical instruments, limiting the risk of retractor-induced tissue edema and injury. This quiet revolution has precipitated a major change in surgical techniques. Extensive dissection of arachnoidal planes, careful placement of the handheld suction device, patient positioning that enhances gravity retraction, the refinement of microsurgical instrumentation, and appropriate selection of the operative corridor all serve to obviate the need for fixed retraction in most intracranial procedures. Retractorless neurosurgery is an achievable goal, even when complex lesions of the vasculature and skull base are being treated.

scholarly journals Single Stapling of Right Upper Lobe Vein and Truncus Anterior Artery in Videothoracoscopic Lobectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İlker Kolbas ◽  
Çağatay Tezel ◽  
Talha Dogruyol ◽  
Mustafa Akyıl ◽  
Serdar Evman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
One Step

Videothoracoscopic resections are among the mostly preferred minimally invasive thoracic surgical techniques to treat lung cancers especially in the last two decades. In thoracoscopic surgery video camera technology, high-tech equipment and surgical instruments including staplers are required. We have developed a technique for dissection and cutting of truncus anterior and right upper lobe vein in one step with stapler by this way we aimed to provide less operation time and more cost- effectiveness for right upper lobectomies.

scholarly journals History and modern trends in the treatment of spleen injuries in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
A. L. Gorelik ◽  
O. V. Karaseva ◽  
K. E. Utkina
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrasound Computed Tomography

Introduction. Over the past 50 years, the concept of treating spleen injuries has undergone significant changes from no alternative to splenectomy to conservative treatment, and this concept is still being actively discussed. The present review shows evolution of views and approaches to the diagnostics and treatment of spleen injuries in children.Material and methods. The literature search was done using keywords in eLIBRARY, MEDLINE and GOOGLESCHOLAR. 65 sources have been selected.Results. The modern concept of spleen injury care has been formed under constantly improving techniques of non-invasive imaging of injuries (ultrasound, computed tomography), under constantly developing endoscopic and endovascular surgical techniques. Currently, conservative treatment of spleen injuries is close to 90-95%.Conclusion. The evolution of views as to the treatment of spleen injuries in children is demonstrating fundamental changes which take place in traditional surgical practice as well as in medical technologies.

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