Middle East generics: Challenges & opportunities

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Tantash
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Growing Population

The pharmaceutical market in the Middle East is valued at more than $9.4b and is expected to grow over at a rate of 10% annually. Although there continues to be unrest in the region and around the world, both economically and politically, the Middle East has seen a shift and the pharmaceutical market is becoming more attractive. These countries are traditionally high importers of originator brands and branded generic drugs. Although originator drugs have previously held most of the market, new policies that favor generics are being implemented in the region. The pharmaceutical market ranges quite a bit within the various countries in the Middle East, Bahrain remains the smallest market with Saudi Arabia being the largest due to a growing population and new westernized lifestyle. Policy makers in the region should continue to encourage new players by continuing to propose new policies that allow for continued growth

The Mechanism of Shifting From Direct Monetary Policies to Indirect Monetary Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Khalaf ◽  
Abdul Rahman Abdul Ridha ◽  
Hussein Habeeb
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Interest Rate

After 2008, a new term appeared on monetary policies after the direct monetary policies failed to reach a solution to the economic deficit that occurred in the economies of many countries, especially after the mortgage crisis that plagued the financial markets in most countries of the world, as these countries tried to reduce the interest rate to Zero or close to it in order to move the economy, but it did not respond despite the fact that the interest rate is the main tool and is considered the control stick in direct monetary policies.  Thus, it became imperative for those countries to use new tools in order to get out of that crisis. Japan is considered the first to use these new policies and solutions before that period, and he is the first to call them indirect monetary policies. These tools were called by many names, including quantitative easing, credit facilitation and others. Many names, but it was the best solution by monetary policy makers for many countries, including the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Britain and the European Union, which represent the most powerful economies in the world,

scholarly journals A STRATEGIC PUZZLE OF SAUDI-IRAN STRIFE AND FOREIGN POLICY CHOICES OF PAKISTAN (2013-18)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Yeldaiz Fatima Shah ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Aslam ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Middle East Politics

In diverse circumstances of region, Iran and Saudi Arabia have significant part in foreign policy of Pakistan. It is difficult for policy makers of Pakistan to retain acceptable relations and policies towards both countries at the same time because of severe contentions between the Iran and Saudi Arabia including the high interests of the main players in the Middle East Politics. The main objectives of research are to elucidate the different standpoints between Iran and Saudi Arabia and their impacts on policies of Pakistan. Different diplomatic, political and economic triangle developments among Iran, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan is discussed during last government tenure of PML (N). For this set out, the qualitative method with historical research design has been used, through argumentation procedure while complex interdependent theory applied to examine the nature of triangle relations and policies including their impacts on regional politics and economy. The study provides significant insights for its implication in the particular context with diverse outcomes.

6 Jordan and Saudi Arabia: Monarchies at the Crossroads?

Worldview ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Peter Gubser ◽  
Malcolm C. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political System ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Heads Of State

Monarchies would appear to be a dying breed of political system, and those in which royal heads of state rule as well as reign are rarer still. As to the Middle East, the fall of the shah of Iran in 1979 was widely regarded as betokening the imminent demise of other dynastic regimes in that part of the world. Yet a closer look at Jordan and Saudi Arabia—both critically important to U.S. interests in the area—indicates that their governments seem to enjoy a considerable degree of legitimacy and, despite major problems, are likely to survive for some time to come. They do, however, face significant challenges in a period of rapid and unrelenting change. and

Social and Civic Entrepreneurship in Lebanon and the Middle East

2017 ◽  
pp. 1037-1050
Author(s):  
Salaheddine M. Chukri
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The World ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Civic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Growing Population

The Middle East has acknowledged the importance and need of entrepreneurial activities which would flourish the economy and open new opportunities for employment. Providing employment to a young and growing population is the major challenge faced by countries in the MENA (Middle East and North America) region. Everywhere in the world, it is small firms that contribute most to job creation. Their ability to thrive and generate jobs is a function of the environment in which they operate and their capacity to deal with continuous change and build assets for the future. Hence firm competitiveness is high on the development agenda. In today's global environment, firms rather than nations have become the engine of growth, and competitiveness is the key for firms to survive.

Activity, Effect on Human and Salvation from effect of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
Niloy Sarkar ◽  
Bijoy Kumar Mandal ◽  
Soumya Paul
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Extensive Investigation ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World

At present most of the world is at a standstill for the exponential increment of novel Corona virus outbreak. Novel Corona virus is one of the most dangerous viruses in the world. After extensive investigation, now it is clear that the onset of the current novel Corona virus started from Wuhan Seafood Market during December 2019, possibly from different zoonotic events. [1] Corona virus is actually a respiratory infection in humans, where the characteristics of Corona virus are similar with the characteristics of SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV originated in Guangdong, China, in the year 2002, a total of 8098 people were affected from the virus in 37 countries [2]. After that another Corona virus, namely the Middle East respiratory syndrome Corona virus (MERS-CoV) which was first identified in Saudi Arabia in the year 2012 [3]. At present the whole world is suffering for another Corona virus named 2019-novel Corona virus (2019n-CoV), which originated in Wuhan, China. Among SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and 2019n-CoV there are many similarities. Whereas the novel Corona virus is transmitted from humans to another human, the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have found in animal body [4]. The necessary figures related to COVID-19 outbreak in all over the world is – Confirmed cases – 29,59,929, Confirmed deaths – 2, 02, 733 and Countries, areas or territories affected - 213 based on the WHO’s report of 28-April-2020. in order to defeat the COVID-19 we should gather more knowledge about this pandemic, hence in this paper we will discuss about various demerits and merits of novel Corona virus pandemic.

scholarly journals Mental disorders against the background of different strategies of government regulation to counter the spread of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
M.A. Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Children

The article includes a literary review of scientific works devoted to the study of specific features of the motivational and personal sphere of mothers with children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), published in a number of countries in Africa and the Middle East. The author describes the difficulties faced by mothers in the process of education and treatment of their autistic children in these regions of the world; provides statistics on the extension of autism among the child population in South Africa, Saudi Arabia and Iran. The article presents studies assessing the degree of influence of religious and cultural aspects on the parents’ perception of their "special" children in Israel and Somalia.

scholarly journals Influence of cultural and religious aspects on the perception of autism in children by parents in Africa and the Middle East

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
A.A. Kukanov
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Children ◽  
Religious Aspects

The article includes a literary review of scientific works devoted to the study of specific features of the motivational and personal sphere of mothers with children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), published in a number of countries in Africa and the Middle East. The author describes the difficulties faced by mothers in the process of education and treatment of their autistic children in these regions of the world; provides statistics on the extension of autism among the child population in South Africa, Saudi Arabia and Iran. The article presents studies assessing the degree of influence of religious and cultural aspects on the parents’ perception of their "special" children in Israel and Somalia.

scholarly journals Demographic Evolution of Pakistanis in America

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Arif Ghayur
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The World ◽  
Pakistani Origin ◽  
Head Count ◽  
Demographic Evolution

According to the last head count in 1981 the total population ofPakistan was 83.782 millions. In addition, “there are two millionoverseas Pakistanis, more than one million left behind families and halfa million returnee migrants.” Let us assume that out of the 1.5 millionPakistanis who are working abroad at agiven time, 33.3 percent have anaverage of three dependents with them overseas. This brings the totalnumber of persons of Pakistani origin and their offspring abroad tothree million.It is estimated that over two-thirds of the working Pakistanis abroadare in the Middle East, especially Saudi Arabia, UAE, Libya, Kuwaitand Iraq. The rest of the total are working all over the world. After theMiddle East, their largest concentration points are England, the U.S.A.,Canada and Germany. Among the other countries with relativelysmaller-but significant numbers-of persons of Pakistani origin areBahrain, Oman, Qatar, Denmark, Singapore, Nigeria, Kenya, HongKong and Malaysia.Today Pakistan is one of the leading countries in exporting itsmanpower to the rest of the world. It is not an exaggeration of facts to saythat the foreign exchange sent home by the overseas Pakistanis iskeeping Pakistan afloat economically in these uncertain times. In 1983,close to three billion dollars were sent by overseas Pakistanis to theircountry. This is, again, one of the largest amounts sent by workers ...

scholarly journals The Legal Status of Christians in the Middle East

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Сергей Александрович Пименов
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
International Level ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Freedom Of Thought ◽  
Western European

На сегодняшний день тема гонений на христиан, к сожалению, по-прежнему не теряет своей актуальности. Несмотря на то, что на международном уровне существует достаточно сильная правовая база, которая предусматривает защиту свободу мысли, совести и религии, христиане в тех или иных регионах мира подвергаются тем или иным притеснениям. Если в странах Западной Европы дискриминация христиан осуществляется косвенным путем - с использованием некоторых политических средств, как например «толерантность», то в странах Ближнего Востока по-прежнему существует угроза их физического уничтожения.В данной статье рассмотрены и проанализированы законодательства в области свободы мысли, совести и религии тех стран, где положение христиан на сегодняшний день представляется наиболее опасным, это: Египет, Ливия, Ирак и Саудовская Аравия. Также здесь проводится сравнение данных нормативно - правовых актов с теми реалиями, которые происходят в отношении христиан на сегодняшний день To date, the topic of persecution of Christians, unfortunately, still does not lose its relevance. Despite the fact that there is a fairly strong legal framework at the international level that provides for the protection of freedom of thought, conscience and religion, Christians in various regions of the world are subjected to various forms of harassment. While in Western European countries discrimination against Christians is carried out indirectly - using certain political means, such as "tolerance", in the Middle East countries there is still a threat of their physical destruction.This article examines and analyzes the legislation in the field of freedom of thought, conscience, and religion in those countries where the situation of Christians is currently the most dangerous.: Egypt, Libya, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. We also compare these normative legal acts with the realities that are taking place in relation to Christians today.

The Conceptual Framework for The Examination of a Successful Digital Entrepreneurship in 21st Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-278
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Ali Al-khateeb
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Western World ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Digital Entrepreneurship

There is still lack of a clear conceptual framework to examine a successful digital entrepreneurship within the developing and emerging contexts despite calls by previous scholars. Also, recent studies shown that majority of the digital enterprises studies available today are mostly from the Western world. Thus, there are only few studies on digital enterprises studies emanating from the developing and emerging countries in the Middle-East and Africa continents. Based on the evidence from the literature, this paper provides an overview of digital entrepreneurship, identifies key variables that determine a successful digital entrepreneurship and then provides a conceptual model to guide the understanding of a successful digital entrepreneurship development within the context of developing and emerging economies. The paper offered some implications for digital entrepreneurs, policy makers and some other people in the business of digital entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document