Bringing context out of the shadows of leadership

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hallinger
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Successful Leadership ◽  
Generic Set ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

Research on educational leadership and management has resulted in the accumulation of increasingly persuasive findings concerning the impact school leadership can have on school performance. Indeed, there is a growing consensus that there exists a generic set of leadership practices (e.g. goal setting, developing people) which must be adapted to meet the needs and constraints that describe different school contexts. However, to date, researchers have yet to develop a theory or report comprehensive findings on this challenge. This paper explores several types of school contexts (institutional, community, socio-cultural, political, economic, school improvement) and what we have learned about how they shape school leadership practice. The analysis leads to several conclusions and recommendations. First, it affirms, elaborates and extends the assertion made by scholars of the importance of examining leadership in context. Second, the need to contextualize leadership highlights deficiencies in modal research methods that focus on mean effects and either ignore context effects or relegate them to the shadows. Finally, the field needs to refine current research methods and explore new approaches that enable us to better study how successful leadership responds and adapts to different contexts.

scholarly journals Successful Leadership Practice in School

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Kamal Prasad Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Leadership Practices ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Successful Leadership ◽  
Positive Work Environment ◽  
Successful School ◽  
Positive Work

This paper mainly focuses on successful leadership practices in secondary school. It aims to identify the recent models and theories of successful leadership practice in schools, and explore the experience of school principal regarding successful school leadership in the Nepalese context. A qualitative study was carried out in Gorkha district for the collection of data. A successful head teacher was selected for in-depth interview to explore the perception and experience about successful practice of school leadership. The findings of the study reveal that strong interpersonal skills, people-centered leadership, clear communication of vision and goal, focus on academic achievement, co-curricular activities, transparency, creating a positive work environment, knowledge of pedagogical contents, and cooperation and collaboration with various stakeholders are the vital constituents of successful leadership practices.

School Leadership Preparation and Development in England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Woods ◽  
Joy Jarvis ◽  
Amanda Roberts ◽  
Suzanne Culshaw
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
School System ◽  
Leadership Preparation ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Independent State ◽  
21St Century Leadership ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
State Schools

School leadership preparation and development in England has to be understood in the context of England’s radically changing school system. Local democratic accountability of schools has been reduced and a range of new actors have entered the state school system to sponsor and govern schools. Since 2010, the numbers of such “independent” state schools have increased rapidly. As the role of local authorities has diminished, the middle tier of governance has been transformed and continues to evolve, with new forms of grouping schools emerging, such as multi-academy trusts (MATs) and teaching school alliances (TSAs). This and the influential idea in England of the school system as a school-led, self-improving system have implications for leadership and its preparation and development. System leadership, by national leaders of education for example, is seen as an essential layer of support for and a catalyst to school improvement, in addition to leadership of and within schools. In the first decade of the 21st century, leadership preparation and development became more like a “nationalized” service, with the creation of the National College for School Leadership (later the National College for Teaching and Leadership). With the abolition of the National College in 2013, the direction of travel was towards more plural and diverse providers of school leadership and preparation—some would say a privatized model of provision—including MATs, TSAs, schools and other providers. There are both potential strengths and weaknesses in this model. More autonomy is promised for providers and participants in preparing for and developing leadership, which could foster creativity in modes of provision. There are also tensions. Policy aims that promote the quantitative measurement of education on the basis of instrumental and economistic goals sit uneasily with other policy aims that appear to value education as the nurturing of human development as a good in itself; yet different educational purposes have different implications for the practice of school leadership and hence its preparation and development. A further tension is that between a positive recognition in the leadership discourse of the distributed nature of leadership and a tendency to revert to a more familiar focus on positional leadership roles and traditional, hierarchical leadership. Other issues include the practical consequences of a system of plural and diverse providers. The system may increase opportunities for innovation and local responsiveness, but it is not clear how it will ensure sufficiently consistent high-quality leadership preparation and development across the system. There are questions to do with power and inequalities—for example, whether greater autonomy works well for some providers and participants in leadership preparation and development, whilst others are much more constrained and less able to find or create opportunities to develop their leadership practice. Space for critical and questioning research and professional enquiry, independent of the interests and priorities of providers and government, is essential. Such research and enquiry are needed to illuminate how leadership preparation and development practice actually evolves in this more plural system, and who shapes that practice in the differing local contexts across England.

Investigating principals’ data use in school: The impact of evidence-oriented attitudes and epistemological beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-942
Author(s):  
Ramona Buske ◽  
Olga Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
School Leadership Practices ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we examine the relationships between principals’ evidence-oriented attitudes and their data use in school leadership practices. Based on theoretical assumptions and existing empirical research, we develop hypotheses on the correlation of evidence-oriented attitudes, epistemological beliefs and principals’ data use. We test these hypotheses based on data collected from a sample of N = 297 principals at 153 schools of different types using structural equation modelling. The findings show that the examined attitudes and epistemological beliefs have a slight, yet significant influence on principals’ data use. In particular, principals’ skepticism towards knowledge or academia influences data use. We conclude by addressing the limitations of our study and the challenges they pose for future research as well as implications for evidence-based school improvement.

The Role, Professional Development, and Challenges of Principals: Key Ingredients of School Leadership

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Syed Kaleem Ullah Shah Bukhari ◽  
Muhammad Abiodullah ◽  
Rafaquat Ali ◽  
Ayesha Kanwal
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
School Improvement ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
School Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

The success of schools in the current era demands ever-increasing efforts from their principals. Professional development is an essential ingredient that enables them to work in diverse scenarios and deal with competing, complex, and unprecedented challenges and issues. The present study intends to explore principals’ professional development and its relationship with their roles and the challenges they face. Quantitative approach was employed to conduct this study. One hundred principals were selected based on the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected on a five-point rating scale from the principals of higher secondary schools in Lahore through a physically administered survey method. The questionnaire measured the participants' perceptions on three dimensions: professional development, roles, and challenges. Data were analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The impact of the professional development on the role participants’ play and the challenges they face in schools' leadership were calculated using the regression analysis technique. The study found that professional development was a significant predictor in school efficiency/improvement, and school success depends heavily upon the professional development and the role of schools’ principals. It also shows a need to reprioritize the roles that principals play in leading their schools. The challenges about students show that further professional development is required for principals to improve their efficiency in school improvement. The challenges due to financial resources also indicate the need for financial management. The study concluded that professional development should be monitored and kept updated to improve schools' leadership.

School middle leadership: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 174114322098332
Author(s):  
Kylie Lipscombe ◽  
Sharon Tindall-Ford ◽  
Jodi Lamanna
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Teacher Development ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Team Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Middle Leaders

School middle leadership is a complex and increasingly important school leadership position, with research showing the significance of middle leadership to school improvement and teacher development. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyse empirical peer reviewed articles on middle leadership from 2006 to 2020, to understand how middle leaders are defined, the responsibilities they hold, the impact and professional development they are afforded, and to discover lacunae in studies to support further research. The review was conducted using Scopus and ERIC; a total of 35 articles across 14 countries were selected. Using Nvivo, narrative synthesis was utilised to analyse the articles resulting in four conclusions: 1) middle leadership is difficult to define; 2) middle leadership positions and responsibilities vary considerably and are best understood in context; 3) middle leaders directly and indirectly impact teacher practice, team development, school reform and professional learning, although there is limited direct research into their impact; and 4) middle leadership professional learning has not progressed to the point to adequately equip middle leaders for the complexity of their positions. The article highlights two distinguishable differences to separate teachers and middle leaders, and provides an operational definition, elaborated description and set of middle leadership characteristics to guide future research and policy advancement.

Dampak Covid 19 Terhadap Praktik Jual-Beli:

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Sitti Aisyah. M Aisyah ◽  
Sappaemi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Islamic View

The Corona virus pandemic exploited by irresponsible elements.  They do a cunning business strategy, which is to hoard goods, in fiqhi terms known as iḥtikār. In the Islamic view, iḥtikār is a prohibited business practice and will be met with a painful punishment in the afterlife.  The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding about the impact of COVID 19 on the practice of buying and selling (iḥtikār).  This paper uses qualitative research methods in the form of library reseach using the shar'i approach.  From this study it can be concluded that the behavior of hoarding goods with the aim of reselling them at high prices to obtain large profits.  In Islamic Shari'ah, iḥtikār‘s law is haram because it contains elements that harm others.  This is very clearly stated in QS al-Humazah/109: 1-2 and punished by sin as stipulated in the hadith of the Messenger of Allah.

The Impact of Secularism on Religious Beliefs and Practices

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Adibah Binti AbdulRahim
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
The West ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Secularism is the most serious challenge of modernity posed by the West. Its main ideology is to liberate man from the religious and metaphysical values and expel religion from the practical aspect of man’s life. It clearly presents its materialistic viewpoint which is cut off from Divine, Transcendent or Supernatural principles and does not refer to and is isolated from Revelation. In terms of its intensity and scope as well as its discernable effects upon people’s mind, the repercussion of secularism is so pervasive and universal. It gives a great impact on every facet of life including individual and family lives as well as educational, political, economic and social-cultural realm. Most importantly, secularism affects the very tenets of traditional religious beliefs and practices. This paper tries to focus on the danger of secularism and its principles which are contradict to the religious worldview.  

Beyond the austerity-driven hypothesis: Political economic theses on penality and the recent prison population decline

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082110006
Author(s):  
José A. Brandariz
Keyword(s):  
Prison Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Global North ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spending Cuts

In what might be called the ‘austerity-driven hypothesis’, a consistent strand of literature has sought to explain the prison downsizing witnessed in many jurisdictions of the global north over the past decade by referring to the financial crisis of the late 2000s to early 2010s and its effects in terms of public spending cuts. Since this economic phase is essentially over, whereas the (moderate) decarceration turn is still ongoing, there are good reasons to challenge this hypothesis. This article delves into the non-economic forces that are fostering a prison population decline that, 10 years on, is becoming the new ‘penal normal’. The article thereby aims to spark a dialogue not only with the scholarship exploring the prison downsizing but also with certain theoretical frameworks that have played a key role in examining the punitive turn era. Additionally, the article contributes to the conversation on the need to reframe materialist readings on penality in a ‘non-reductionist’ fashion. By revisiting heterodox theses and scrutinizing the impact of recent penal changes on traditional materialist accounts, the article joins the collective endeavour seeking to update political economic perspectives on punishment and the penal field.

scholarly journals Modern Trends of Development of Industrial Tourism for Russian Universities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Krovopuskov P ◽  
Kantaryuk E ◽  
Chernyshova M
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Coastal Tourism ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Tourism

The paper deals with the coastal tourism in Iran and the United Arab Emirates by identifying the impact of tourist attractions on the development of coastal tourism in both countries, and the role of coastal tourism (beach, landscape, etc.) in attracting tourists in the two countries. In the present study, we investigated the environmental-ecological, socio-cultural, historical-political, economic, institutional-managerial and physical-spatial dimensions of the study area. The topicality of this work is the industrial tourism development. It will allow to enhance the economic potential of the regions, increase the flow of "domestic tourists» and improve the competitiveness of enterprises in the Region. It has been studied the prospects of industrial tourism development for students of universities in Russia and directly in the Lipetsk region at the present stage of development of the machine- and lathe-building industry.  

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