Pro-agility unpacked: Variability, comparability and diagnostic value

2022 ◽  
pp. 174795412110693
Author(s):  
James W. D. Forster ◽  
Aaron M. Uthoff ◽  
Michael C. Rumpf ◽  
John B. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
American Football ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Comprehensive Reliability ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Performance Times

Change of direction (COD) is an important component of athlete performance and measuring and comparing athletes is an integral aspect of strength and conditioning practice. This article aimed to determine pro-agility shuttle utility, by quantifying variability and normative values for different sports, skill-levels and positions. Limitations of the pro-agility shuttle are identified, as are future research directions. A total of 67 studies were included for review. Pro-agility shuttle reliability was reported in 10 studies across 6 sports; however, comprehensive reliability statistics were absent in most papers. Additionally, only reliability of total-time from stopwatch and timing lights were reported. Data of 32,891 subjects in 12 sports (American football, basketball, cricket, general athletes, hockey, lacrosse, recreational athletes, resistance-trained athletes, rugby, soccer, swimming, and tennis) were extracted and aggregated, establishing sport, skill-level (elite, sub-elite, and novice) and positional normative values, where practical. Elite athletes showed the fastest performance times, whereas sub-elite and novice athletes showed similar spreads in performance, suggesting similar athletic capabilities. In conclusion, the pro-agility shuttle currently has limited diagnostic value and the variability of smaller performance sub-components within pro-agility shuttle should be examined. Furthermore, the value of other technologies such as smart phone, inertial sensor or radar should be investigated.

Relative Importance of Leader Influences for Subordinates’ Proactive Behaviors, Prosocial Behaviors, and Task Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan S. Chiaburu ◽  
Troy A. Smith ◽  
Jiexin Wang ◽  
Ryan D. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contingent Reward ◽  
Work Effectiveness ◽  
Leader Influence ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Proactive Behaviors ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Transactional Leader

We meta-analytically examine the relationships between three forms of leader influence, contingent reward (transactional), leader-member exchange (LMX; relational), and transformational (change-oriented) on subordinates’ proactive behaviors. Using non-self-reported data from a combined sample of more than 9,000 employees, we confirm positive relationships between leader influences and employee proactive outcomes. We examine the extent to which one leadership influence is stronger than the others in promoting subordinate proactivity. By combining our new meta-analytic data with existing meta-analytic correlations, we further investigate the extent to which various leadership predictors are differentially related to proactive and prosocial contextual performance, and to task performance. For all outcomes, there are only minimal differences between the contingent reward, LMX, and transformational leadership predictors. Using our results, we propose future research directions for the relationship between leader influences and subordinate work effectiveness.

The Differential Risk Factors of Physically Forced and Alcohol- or Other Drug-Enabled Sexual Assault Among University Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Krebs ◽  
Christine H. Lindquist ◽  
Tara D. Warner ◽  
Bonnie S. Fisher ◽  
Sandra L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
University Women ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Lifestyle Activities ◽  
Very High

The Campus Sexual Assault Study examined whether undergraduate women’s victimization experiences prior to college and lifestyle activities during college were differentially associated with the type of sexual assault they experienced: physically forced sexual assault and incapacitated sexual assault. Self-reported data collected using a Web-based survey administered to more than 5,000 undergraduate women at two large public universities indicated that victimization experiences before college were differentially associated with the risk of experiencing these two types of sexual assault during college. Women who experienced forced sexual assault before college were at very high risk of experiencing forced sexual assault during college (odds ratio [OR] = 6.6). Women who experienced incapacitated sexual assault before college were also at very high risk of experiencing incapacitated sexual assault during college (OR = 3.7). Moreover, women’s substance use behaviors during college, including getting drunk and using marijuana, were strongly associated with experiencing incapacitated sexual assault but were not associated with experiencing forced sexual assault. Implications for education and prevention programs, as well as future research directions, are discussed.

scholarly journals The Reliability, Validity and Normative Scores of the Bene-Anthony Family Relations Test for Use With Arab Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdrabo Soliman ◽  
Abdel-Salam G. Abdel-Salam ◽  
Mervat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Family Relations ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Arab Children ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
The Impact

Background: The Bene-Anthony Family Relations Test (BAFRT) is one of the most widely used measures of family dynamics seen from a child’s perspective. However, the most common issue surrounding this test is the lack of accurate normative scores for use with non-white ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to examine the BAFRT’s reliability and validity for use with Arab children, as well as to provide normative data for this group. Methods: The BAFRT was translated into Arabic and back-translated to ensure accuracy. The test was administered to a cohort of 394 Arab children, consisting of both cognitively normal children (n = 269) and children diagnosed with a psychological disorder (n = 125), all aged 5–8 years old. Test-retest reliability was assessed using a sub-set of children and validity was tested against clinical status as well as CBCL and SDQ measures. Normative measures were calculated after examining the impact of influencing variables such as age and gender. Results: Statistical analyses showed that in our cohort of Arab children the BAFRT has good test-retest reliability, correlates well with measures of emotional and behavioral adjustment, and discriminates accurately between clinical and non-clinical children. Age, gender, and clinical status all significantly impacted upon BAFRT scores and therefore normative values are presented from our cohort when considering these variables. Conclusion: The normative scores we present will provide researchers and clinicians an appropriate reference point for the comparison of scores from Arab children and a starting point for future research into this area.

scholarly journals A general response process theory for situational judgment tests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Grand
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Situational Judgment ◽  
Situational Judgment Tests ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
General Response

Situational judgment tests (SJTs) have emerged as a staple of assessment methodologies for organizational practitioners and researchers. Despite their prevalence, many questions regarding how to interpret respondent choices or how variations in item construction and instruction influence the nature of observed responses remain. Existing conceptual and empirical efforts to explore these questions have largely been rooted in reflexive psychometric measurement models that describe participant responses as indicative of (usually multiple) latent constructs. However, some have suggested that a key to better understanding SJT responses lies in unpacking the judgment and decision-making processes employed by respondents and the psychological and contextual factors that shape how those processes play out. To this end, the present paper advances an integrative and generalizable process-oriented theory of SJT responding. The framework, labeled Situated Reasoning and Judgment (SiRJ), proposes that respondents engage in a series of conditional reasoning, similarity, and preference accumulation judgments when deciding how to evaluate and respond to an SJT item. To evaluate the theory’s plausibility and utility, the SiRJ framework is translated into a formal computational model and results from a simulation study are analyzed using neural network and Bayesian survival analytic techniques that demonstrate its capability to replicate existing and new empirical effects, suggest insights into SJT interpretation and development, and stimulate new directions for future research. An interactive web application that allows users to explore the computational model developed for SiRJ (https://grandjam.shinyapps.io/sirj) as well as all reported data and the full model/simulation code (https://osf.io/uwdfm/) are also provided.

Improved Semi-Quantitative Reliability-Based Method for Assessment of Pipeline Dents With Stress Risers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh Virk ◽  
Doug Langer ◽  
Janine Woo ◽  
Nader Yoosef-Ghodsi ◽  
Muntaseer Kainat
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Pressure Cycling ◽  
Stress Risers ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
Comprehensive Reliability ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Integrity Analysis

Abstract Dents, especially those interacting with stress risers, can pose integrity threats to pipeline systems. Regulations in Canada and the United States mandate the repair of dents based on depth and interaction with stress risers, however, there have been cases in the past where dents that have passed these criteria have ended up in loss of containment. Recent industry’s recommendations regarding dent integrity analysis are predominantly based on strain, and the dent-fatigue models have been proven to be limited in their application. Additionally, these models or methodologies are generally deterministic which may not fully account for uncertainties associated with pipe properties and in-line inspection (ILI) tool measurement. Enbridge Liquid Pipelines Inc. had previously presented a framework to support system wide dent assessment with an efficient probabilistic-based calibrated semi-quantitative analysis method for dents (SQuAD), which elicits potentially injurious features from thousands of features within a system in a reasonable analysis timeframe. This paper expands on the authors’ previous work and presents several improvements that have since been made to the SQuAD model to address the limitations in the initial version of the model. The previous version of SQuAD was strain-based and did not explicitly account for pressure-cycling induced, fatigue-based failure quantitatively. An approximate circle fitting method was adopted for estimating the dent’s radii of curvature in order to calculate strains. In the improved model, filtering techniques have been employed to reduce the noise in the ILI-reported data while preserving the dent shape. Furthermore, a simplified FEA process has been developed to calculate the stresses within a dent due to pressure cycles, thus the fatigue-based Probability of Failure (PoF) of a dent can now be estimated using S-N approach. The filtered data allows for better accuracy in quantifying the radius of curvature of dents as reported by ILI tools, which are used for calculating dent strain as recommended in the updated version of ASME B31.8, Appendix R. Finally, the feasibility of applying this improved SQuAD model is discussed from an operator’s perspective. The improvements allow the enhanced SQuAD model to be used as an effective screening tool on a system-wide basis as part of a comprehensive, reliability-based dent assessment framework.

Non-technical skills and otolaryngology: systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bannon ◽  
K E Stewart ◽  
M Bannister
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the published literature on non-technical skills in otolaryngology surgery and examine the applicability of any research to others’ practice, and to explore how the published literature can identify areas for further development and guide future research.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using the following key words: ‘otolaryngology’, ‘otorhinolaryngology’, ‘ENT’, ‘ENT surgery’, ‘ear, nose and throat surgery’, ‘head and neck surgery’, ‘thyroid surgery’, ‘parathyroid surgery’, ‘otology’, ‘rhinology’, ‘laryngology’ ‘skull base surgery’, ‘airway surgery’, ‘non-technical skills’, ‘non technical skills for surgeons’, ‘NOTSS’, ‘behavioural markers’ and ‘behavioural assessment tool’.ResultsThree publications were included in the review – 1 randomised, controlled trial and 2 cohort studies – involving 78 participants. All were simulation-based studies involving training otolaryngology surgeons.ConclusionLittle research has been undertaken on non-technical skills in otolaryngology. Training surgeons’ non-technical skill levels are similar across every tested aspect. The research already performed can guide further studies, particularly amongst non-training otolaryngology surgeons and in both emergency and elective non-simulated environments.

scholarly journals Unpacking the curvilinear relationship between negative affectivity, performance, and turnover intentions: The moderating effect of time-related work stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Bouckenooghe ◽  
Usman Raja ◽  
Arif Nazir Butt ◽  
Muhammad Abbas ◽  
Sabahat Bilgrami
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study explores the relationships of negative affectivity with two frequently studied outcome variables job performance and turnover intentions. Conventional wisdom holds that negative affectivity has a harmful impact on both job performance and intentions to leave; however, we propose a more nuanced perspective using empirical and theoretical arguments (e.g., self-regulation theory) to highlight the functional effects of negative affectivity. To test our hypotheses, we collected self-reported and supervisor-reported data from seven organizations in Pakistan. The findings based on data collected from 280 employees show that while negative affectivity is detrimental for job performance, this effect is mitigated as negative affectivity increases. It further shows that the linear negative main effect of negative affectivity on job performance is more pronounced when employees experience less time-related work stress. Finally, the curvilinear relationship between negative affectivity and turnover intentions is moderated by time-related work stress. The relationship has a U shape at high levels of time-related work stress, whereas at low levels it has an inverted U shape. A discussion of the limitations, future research, and implications for theory building and practice conclude the article.

scholarly journals Emerging Location-Based Service Data on Perceiving and Measuring Multifunctionality of Rural Space: A Study of Suzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5862
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Hongbo Li ◽  
Xiaolin Zhang ◽  
Xiaoliang Hu ◽  
Yahua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Location Based Service ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Service Data ◽  
Rural Transition ◽  
Research Period ◽  
Technological Restriction

Understanding how human mobilities reconstruct contemporary rural space is of great significance to multifunctional rural transition. However, conventional approaches adopted by social surveys have a technological restriction on collecting data of individual behavior, such as limited samples, subjective self-reported data, and time-consuming investigation. This study proposes a data-driven methodology to explore multifunctionality of rural space by employing the real-time Tencent user quantity (RTUQ) data to analyze the quantity and distribution of observables in rural space. Based on over 250,000 records of hourly RTUQ data during a one-week research period, we perceive spatiotemporal variation of human mobilities in three differentiated villages in Suzhou, China, as well as measure function of residence, employment and consumption on holidays, weekdays and weekends using original equations of function index. Results show that the RTUQ data is valid and reliable for perceiving dynamic patterns of human mobilities at village level, as well as offering new implication for transitional pathways of decision-making. The proposed method is proved to be suitable for distinguishing and comparing multifunctionality of rural space in various times and places, future research on exploring contemporary rural space towards multifunctionality with more geospatial big data is put forward.

Impact of Advisor Interaction on the Development of Leadership Skills in Club Sports Officers

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey L. Hall-Yannessa ◽  
Scott Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Student Leadership ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Club Sports ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Club Sport

Club sports are an important component of a comprehensive recreational sports program. Participation in club sports and student organizations has been of particular interest to student services professionals who relate this type of involvement to increased skills development and other dimensions of personal growth. For years, club sports programs have required an advisor for each club sport. While there is a growing body of knowledge on the personal growth and development that students experience from faculty and staff academic advising, there is little, if any, empirical research examining the impact of club sports advisors on the development of club sports officers. This study attempts to identify differences in leadership-skills development of club sport officers based on the number of hours the officers spend consulting with their advisor. The researchers surveyed 94 officers using the Student Leadership Skills Inventory eight months after their leadership role had begun. Analysis of the self-reported data reveals a positive correlation between leadership-skills development, and the amount of time spent with the advisor. Suggestions for future research are made in the context of the limitations of the study.

A Nutrition Screening Form for Female Infertility Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susie Langley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nutrition Screening ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Infertility Patients

A Nutrition Screening Form (NSF) was designed to identify lifestyle risk factors that negatively impact fertility and to provide a descriptive profile of 300 female infertility patients in a private urban infertility clinic. The NSF was mailed to all new patients prior to the initial physician's visit and self-reported data were assessed using specific criteria to determine if a nutrition referral was warranted. This observational study revealed that 43% of the women had a body mass index (BMI) <20 or ≥25 kg/m2, known risks for infertility. Almost half reported a history of “dieting” and unrealistic weight goals potentially limiting energy and essential nutrients. A high number reported eating disorders, vegetarianism, low fat or low cholesterol diets, and dietary supplement use. Fourteen percent appeared not to supplement with folic acid, 13% rated exercise as “extremely” or “very active”, and 28% reported a “high” perceived level of stress. This preliminary research demonstrated that a NSF can be a useful tool to identify nutrition-related lifestyle factors that may negatively impact fertility and identified weight, BMI, diet, exercise, and stress as modifiable risk factors deserving future research. NSF information can help increase awareness among health professionals and patients about the important link between nutrition, fertility, and successful reproductive outcomes.

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