scholarly journals Cognitive realism and memory in Proust’s madeleine episode

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily T Troscianko
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Realism

Rationality and risk-taking in Russia’s first Chechen War: toward a theory of cognitive realism

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-210
Author(s):  
Jason J. Morrissette
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Utility Maximization ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Russian President ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Cognitive Realism ◽  
Made In

This article seeks to establish a better scholarly understanding of former Russian President Boris Yeltsin’s decision to launch an ill-planned, risky, and ultimately disastrous invasion of the breakaway republic of Chechnya in 1994. Examining the decision-making environment that led up to the invasion, I conclude that while neorealism provides an adequate explanation for Yeltsin’s motives in this case, the decisions that he made in pursuit of these goals do not reflect the logic of rational utility maximization commonly associated with neorealist theory. Instead, I suggest that prospect theory – based on the idea that decision-makers tend to be risk averse when confronted with choices between gains while risk acceptant when confronted with losses – offers significantly more explanatory insight in this case. Thus, the article offers further support for an alternative theoretical approach to international relations that some scholars have termed ‘cognitive realism’, incorporating neorealist motives with a more empirically accurate perspective on the decision-making processes undertaken in pursuit of these motives.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Theology and Law on the Basis of the Encyclical Pacem in terris of John XXIII

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Grzenkowitz
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Legal Language ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
Social Efficacy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Universal Themes ◽  
Cognitive Realism

The above research permits one to draw legal and theological conclusions. The first sub-point, presenting the legal value and social-political context of the papal teaching, permits the creation of a foundation for the following theological considerations. The second subpoint permits for the separation of the theology of the encyclical and its meaning for the whole document. The last sub-point reveals in what way the legal and theological elements intersect in the encyclical’s text and what consequences this has for ecclesiology and the methodology of research at the intersection of theology and law. This article presented many mutual points of reference for theology and law and emphasized their methodological and substantive autonomy. The encyclical Pacem in terris of John XXIII is a creative proposal for the cooperation between theology and law, in which the Pope follows the principle of efficacy, which is the desire that the catalogue created by him is not only theoretical but also actually used. His teaching focuses on the theme of peace, which seems to assume the meaning that has already placed on justice, and the Pope seems to make it the centre of all international relations. That, in turn, allows to distinguish peace as a clearly legal category and so decisive for the just character of law itself. Because of the connection between peace, God’s order and Christ’s mission, there is a perfect intersection between temporal matters regulated by law and supernatural ones, which are the subject of theology. There exist two alternative models of the unity of humankind: the natural and the ecclesial. They have a complementary character as the two paths leading to a common goal and take the form of attaining the commonly desired peace on earth and the unification of humanity in Christ, who is peace himself. The Pope uses legal language, which has characteristics manifesting the openness of theology to law and vice-versa. Among them are cognitive realism, universal concepts, universal themes, social efficacy, legal naturalism, and mutual inspiration.

Effects of communication with non-witnesses on eyewitnesses' recall correctness and meta-cognitive realism

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Sarwar ◽  
Carl Martin Allwood ◽  
Åse Innes-ker
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Realism

scholarly journals Challenging the classical notion of time in cognition: a quantum perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1781) ◽  
pp. 20133056 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Yearsley ◽  
Emmanuel M. Pothos
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Cognitive Modelling ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Perfect Knowledge ◽  
Interesting Conclusion ◽  
Cognitive Realism

All mental representations change with time. A baseline intuition is that mental representations have specific values at different time points, which may be more or less accessible, depending on noise, forgetting processes, etc. We present a radical alternative, motivated by recent research using the mathematics from quantum theory for cognitive modelling. Such cognitive models raise the possibility that certain possibilities or events may be incompatible, so that perfect knowledge of one necessitates uncertainty for the others. In the context of time-dependence, in physics, this issue is explored with the so-called temporal Bell (TB) or Leggett–Garg inequalities. We consider in detail the theoretical and empirical challenges involved in exploring the TB inequalities in the context of cognitive systems. One interesting conclusion is that we believe the study of the TB inequalities to be empirically more constrained in psychology than in physics. Specifically, we show how the TB inequalities, as applied to cognitive systems, can be derived from two simple assumptions: cognitive realism and cognitive completeness. We discuss possible implications of putative violations of the TB inequalities for cognitive models and our understanding of time in cognition in general. Overall, this paper provides a surprising, novel direction in relation to how time should be conceptualized in cognition.

Drawing Kafka’s Castle

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-73
Author(s):  
Emily T. Troscianko ◽  
James Carney
Keyword(s):  
Word Embeddings ◽  
Free Response ◽  
The Third ◽  
Narrative Perspective ◽  
Perform Cluster Analysis ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Text Version ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Pencil Drawings ◽  
Cognitive Realism

Abstract We investigated the effects of narrative perspective on mental imagery by comparing responses to an English translation of Franz Kafka’s Das Schloß (The Castle) in the published version (narrated in the third person) versus an earlier (first-person) draft. We analysed participants’ pencil drawings of their imaginative experience for presence/absence of specific features (K. and the castle) and for image entropy (a proxy for image unpredictability). We also used word embeddings to perform cluster analysis of participants’ verbal free-response testimony, generating thematic clusters independently of experimenter expectations. We found no effects of text version on feature presence or overall entropy, but an effect on entropy variance, which was higher in the third-person condition. There was also an effect of text version on free responses: Readers of the third-person version were more likely to use words associated with mood and atmosphere. We offer conclusions on “Kafkaesque” aesthetics, cognitive realism, and the future of experimental literary studies.

scholarly journals What corpus-based Cognitive Linguistics can and cannot expect from neurolinguistics

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Blumenthal-Dramé
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Cognitive Realism ◽  
Common Misconceptions

AbstractThis paper argues that neurolinguistics has the potential to yield insights that can feed back into corpus-based Cognitive Linguistics. It starts by discussing how far the cognitive realism of probabilistic statements derived from corpus data currently goes. Against this background, it argues that the cognitive realism of usage-based models could be further enhanced through deeper engagement with neurolinguistics, but also highlights a number of common misconceptions about what neurolinguistics can and cannot do for linguistic theorizing.

Embodied Conversational Virtual Patients

2011 ◽  
pp. 254-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G. Kenny ◽  
Thomas D. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Virtual Patients ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cognitive Realism ◽  
And Training

Recent research has established the potential for computer generated virtual characters to act as virtual patients (VP) for the assessment and training of novice clinicians in interpersonal skills, interviewing, and diagnosis. These VPs are embodied interactive conversational agents who are designed to simulate a particular clinical presentation of a patient’s illness with a high degree of consistency and realism. In this chapter we describe the architecture developed for virtual patients, and the application of the system to subject testing with virtual patients that exhibit a set of clinical conditions called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The primary goal of these conversational agents was evaluative: can a VP generate responses that elicit user questions relevant for PTSD categorization? The results of the interactions of clinical students with the VP will be discussed. This chapter also highlights a set of design goals for increasing the visual, physical and cognitive realism when building VP systems including the design of the language, scenarios and artwork that is important when developing these characters. Finally, future research directions and challenges will be discussed for conversational virtual patients.

Simulation Based Training for the Future Force Warrior

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (25) ◽  
pp. 2179-2180
Author(s):  
Walter Warwick ◽  
Rick Archer ◽  
Alan Brockett ◽  
Patty McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Branching Process ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
Combinatorial Explosion ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Information Skills ◽  
Student Input ◽  
Cognitive Realism

In this paper we describe techniques we have adopted to develop a computer-based, outcome-driven simulator to train digital information skills for small unit leaders of the Army's Future Force Warrior program. We begin by contrasting attempts to engender “virtual realism” in simulation based training against attempts to engender cognitive realism by way of the branching storylines at the heart of an outcome-driven simulation. We next present an example of how such an approach might be applied to train digital information skills before turning to a more general discussion of the problems that such an approach entail—namely, crafting an engaging story while minimizing the combinatorial explosion in a branching storyline. We describe how we have dealt with these problems both by streamlining storylines and by decoupling student input from the branching process. Finally, we allude to a software tool we have created that allows the training developer to author and execute such outcome-driven simulations.

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