Haematuria in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 676-681
Author(s):  
Rodrick Babakhanlou ◽  
Tom Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Microscopic Haematuria ◽  
Life Threatening

Haematuria in children can be associated with many illnesses, from the benign and self-limiting to the more complex and life-threatening. The most common form of haematuria in children is microscopic haematuria. Visible blood (also termed frank haematuria) is an uncommon, but often very distressing, finding for child and parent. Although the majority of cases are benign or less serious, it is important to identify those patients requiring referral to secondary care for further investigation and management. It is equally important to identify patients for diagnosis and appropriate management in primary care.

Managing anorexia nervosa in primary care

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110246
Author(s):  
Clarissa Hjalmarsson ◽  
Natasha Faye Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Ongoing Support

Anorexia nervosa is a potentially debilitating mental illness, with significant physical and psychological sequelae. It has the highest mortality of any psychiatric illness. Early intervention is associated with better outcomes. However, patients typically experience long delays in accessing definitive treatment. Patients experience on average a three-and-a-half year delay between falling ill and accessing treatment, 6 months of which elapse between visiting a GP and receiving treatment. Patients often present to primary care either directly, with anorexia, or indirectly, with related symptoms such as amenorrhea. GPs play a vital role in recognising the signs and symptoms of this disease, identifying whether the patient has acute and potentially life-threatening symptoms, and referring them promptly and appropriately to secondary care. The current pressures on mental health services may also require GPs to provide ongoing support and management for patients while they await treatment from secondary care.

Effect and acceptability of AKI education using peer review audit in primary care

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X696977
Author(s):  
Mufaza Asrar ◽  
Joanna McKinnell ◽  
Nitin Kolhe ◽  
Lynn Woods ◽  
Sally Bassett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Small Group Teaching ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Early Management

BackgroundThis was part of the Southern Derby shire CCG AKI awareness and improved management in primary and secondary care. The programme involved educating the primary care staff (GPs nurses) about AKI, identifying and early management in at risk groups. The secondary care aspect involved protocol development for AKI risk/identification to reduce morbidity.AimAs two-thirds of AKI originates in the community we aimed to increase awareness and knowledge levels of AKI in primary care via a CCG wide education programme. This included nephrology a peer review audit of cases with an evaluation of the programme’s acceptability and impact.MethodOver a 12month period, peer review audit sessions were delivered to GPs and the primary care MDT. These sessions consisted of a short presentation by a consultant nephrologist followed by discussion of cases. Qualitative feedback was collected from all participants. Web-based, CCG-wide questionnaires incorporating factual and clinical questions were used to assess baseline and post-intervention knowledge level.Results93% of participants (94 responses) found the peer review audit sessions useful, particularly the presence of nephrologist. 45% of participants were anxious about group discussion of cases, although 36% thought they were the most useful component of the sessions. Formal presentations were ranked as the most popular format of receiving education. 996 individuals completed the questionnaires. At baseline 61% were GPs, 27% practice nurses and 8% Advanced Practitioners, with similar proportions at 1yr. Exposure to AKI teaching, self-reported awareness and confidence levels were higher in the second questionnaire and there was a significant improvement in test scores.ConclusionPrimary care education can improve knowledge and awareness of AKI. Small group teaching with involvement of a nephrologist was popular. These results suggest that there is a need to tailor education styles to individual preferences, and peer review audit may not be universally acceptable in primary care.

scholarly journals Referrals to Urgent Dental Centres During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Site Analysis Research Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Adam Shathur ◽  
Samuel Reeves ◽  
Faizal Sameja ◽  
Vishal Patel ◽  
Allan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Consultation And Referral ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Access To Primary Care ◽  
The Uk

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic enforced the cessation of routine dentistry and the creation of local urgent dental care systems in the UK. General dental practices are obligated by NHS guidance to remain open and provide remote consultation and referral where appropriate to patients having pain or problems. Aims: To compare two urgent dental centres with different triage and referral systems with regard to quality and appropriateness of referrals, and patient management outcomes. Methods: 110 consecutive referrals received by a primary care urgent dental centre and a secondary care urgent dental centre were assessed. It was considered whether the patients referred had access to remote primary care dental services, fulfilled the criteria required to be deemed a dental emergency as mandated by NHS guidance, and what the outcomes of referrals were. Results: At the primary care centre, 100% of patients were referred by general dental practitioners and had access to remote primary care dental services. 95.5% of referrals were deemed appropriate and were seen for treatment. At the secondary care site, 94.5% of referrals were direct from the patient by contacting NHS 111. 40% had received triaging to include ‘advice, analgesia and antimicrobial’ from a general dental practitioner, and 25.5% were deemed appropriate and resulted in treatment. Conclusion: Urgent dental centres face many issues, and it would seem that easy access to primary care services, collaboration between primary care clinicians and urgent dental centres, and training of triaging staff are important in operating a successful system.

scholarly journals Outpatient services and primary care: scoping review, substudies and international comparisons

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 1-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Winpenny ◽  
Céline Miani ◽  
Emma Pitchforth ◽  
Sarah Ball ◽  
Ellen Nolte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
New Models ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

AimThis study updates a previous scoping review published by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) in 2006 (Roland M, McDonald R, Sibbald B.Outpatient Services and Primary Care: A Scoping Review of Research Into Strategies For Improving Outpatient Effectiveness and Efficiency. Southampton: NIHR Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre; 2006) and focuses on strategies to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of outpatient services.Findings from the scoping reviewEvidence from the scoping review suggests that, with appropriate safeguards, training and support, substantial parts of care given in outpatient clinics can be transferred to primary care. This includes additional evidence since our 2006 review which supports general practitioner (GP) follow-up as an alternative to outpatient follow-up appointments, primary medical care of chronic conditions and minor surgery in primary care. Relocating specialists to primary care settings is popular with patients, and increased joint working between specialists and GPs, as suggested in the NHS Five Year Forward View, can be of substantial educational value. However, for these approaches there is very limited information on cost-effectiveness; we do not know whether they increase or reduce overall demand and whether the new models cost more or less than traditional approaches. One promising development is the increasing use of e-mail between GPs and specialists, with some studies suggesting that better communication (including the transmission of results and images) could substantially reduce the need for some referrals.Findings from the substudiesBecause of the limited literature on some areas, we conducted a number of substudies in England. The first was of referral management centres, which have been established to triage and, potentially, divert referrals away from hospitals. These centres encounter practical and administrative challenges and have difficulty getting buy-in from local clinicians. Their effectiveness is uncertain, as is the effect of schemes which provide systematic review of referrals within GP practices. However, the latter appear to have more positive educational value, as shown in our second substudy. We also studied consultants who held contracts with community-based organisations rather than with hospital trusts. Although these posts offer opportunities in terms of breaking down artificial and unhelpful primary–secondary care barriers, they may be constrained by their idiosyncratic nature, a lack of clarity around roles, challenges to professional identity and a lack of opportunities for professional development. Finally, we examined the work done by other countries to reform activity at the primary–secondary care interface. Common approaches included the use of financial mechanisms and incentives, the transfer of work to primary care, the relocation of specialists and the use of guidelines and protocols. With the possible exception of financial incentives, the lack of robust evidence on the effect of these approaches and the contexts in which they were introduced limits the lessons that can be drawn for the English NHS.ConclusionsFor many conditions, high-quality care in the community can be provided and is popular with patients. There is little conclusive evidence on the cost-effectiveness of the provision of more care in the community. In developing new models of care for the NHS, it should not be assumed that community-based care will be cheaper than conventional hospital-based care. Possible reasons care in the community may be more expensive include supply-induced demand and addressing unmet need through new forms of care and through loss of efficiency gained from concentrating services in hospitals. Evidence from this study suggests that further shifts of care into the community can be justified only if (a) high value is given to patient convenience in relation to NHS costs or (b) community care can be provided in a way that reduces overall health-care costs. However, reconfigurations of services are often introduced without adequate evaluation and it is important that new NHS initiatives should collect data to show whether or not they have added value, and improved quality and patient and staff experience.FundingThe NIHR Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

scholarly journals The orthopaedic waiting list crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 530-534
Author(s):  
Matthew Hampton ◽  
Ella Riley ◽  
Naren Garneti ◽  
Alexander Anderson ◽  
Kevin Wembridge
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Robust Planning ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
Patient Referrals

Aims Due to widespread cancellations in elective orthopaedic procedures, the number of patients on waiting list for surgery is rising. We aim to determine and quantify if disparities exist between inpatient and day-case orthopaedic waiting list numbers; we also aim to determine if there is a ‘hidden burden’ that already exists due to reductions in elective secondary care referrals. Methods Retrospective data were collected between 1 April 2020 and 31 December 2020 and compared with the same nine-month period the previous year. Data collected included surgeries performed (day-case vs inpatient), number of patients currently on the orthopaedic waiting list (day-case vs inpatient), and number of new patient referrals from primary care and therapy services. Results There was a 52.8% reduction in our elective surgical workload in 2020. The majority of surgeries performed in 2020 were day case surgeries (739; 86.6%) with 47.2% of these performed in the independent sector on a ‘lift and shift’ service. The total number of patients on our waiting lists has risen by 30.1% in just 12 months. As we have been restricted in performing inpatient surgery, the inpatient waiting lists have risen by 73.2%, compared to a 1.6% rise in our day-case waiting list. New patient referral from primary care and therapy services have reduced from 3,357 in 2019 to 1,722 in 2020 (49.7% reduction). Conclusion This study further exposes the increasing number of patients on orthopaedic waiting lists. We observed disparities between inpatient and day-case waiting lists, with dramatic increases in the number of inpatients on the waiting lists. The number of new patient referrals has decreased, and we predict an influx of referrals as the pandemic eases, further adding to the pressure on inpatient waiting lists. Robust planning and allocation of adequate resources is essential to deal with this backlog. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):530–534.

scholarly journals Vertical integration of primary care practices with acute hospitals in England and Wales: why, how and so what? Findings from a qualitative, rapid evaluation

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e053222
Author(s):  
Manbinder Sidhu ◽  
Jack Pollard ◽  
Jon Sussex
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Acute Hospitals ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Primary Care Practices

ObjectivesTo understand the rationale, implementation and early impact of vertical integration between primary care medical practices and the organisations running acute hospitals in the National Health Service in England and Wales.Design and settingA qualitative, cross-comparative case study evaluation at two sites in England and one in Wales, consisting of interviews with stakeholders at the sites, alongside observations of strategic meetings and analysis of key documents.ResultsWe interviewed 52 stakeholders across the three sites in the second half of 2019 and observed four meetings from late 2019 to early 2020 (further observation was prevented by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic). The single most important driver of vertical integration was found to be to maintain primary care local to where patients live and thereby manage demand pressure on acute hospital services, especially emergency care. The opportunities created by maintaining local primary care providers—to develop patient services in primary care settings and better integrate them with secondary care—were exploited to differing degrees across the sites. There were notable differences between sites in operational and management arrangements, and in organisational and clinical integration. Closer organisational integration was attributed to previous good relationships between primary and secondary care locally, and to historical planning and preparation towards integrated working across the local health economy. The net impact of vertical integration on health system costs is argued by local stakeholders to be beneficial.ConclusionsVertical integration is a valuable option when primary care practices are at risk of closing, and may be a route to better integration of patient care. But it is not the only route and vertical integration is not attractive to all primary care physicians. A future evaluation of vertical integration is intended; of patients’ experience and of the impact on secondary care service utilisation.

scholarly journals Body mass index and lifetime healthcare utilization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Hansen Edwards ◽  
Eline Aas ◽  
Jonas Minet Kinge
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Global Public Health

Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity is a major global public health challenge, and understanding the implications for healthcare systems is essential for policy planning. Past studies have typically found positive associations between obesity and healthcare utilization, but these studies have not taken into consideration that obesity is also associated with early mortality. We examined associations between body mass index (BMI, reported as kg/m2) and healthcare utilization with and without taking BMI-specific survival into consideration. Methods: We used nationally representative data on 33 882 adults collected between 2002 and 2015. We computed BMI- and age-specific primary and secondary care utilization and multiplied the estimated values with gender-, age-, and BMI-specific probabilities of surviving to each age. Then, we summed the average BMI-specific utilization between 18 and 85 years. Results: During a survival-adjusted lifetime, males with normal weight (BMI: 18.5–24.9) had, on average, 167 primary care, and 77 secondary care contacts. In comparison, males with overweight (BMI: 25.0–29.9), category I obesity (BMI: 30.0–34.9), and category II/III obesity (BMI ≥35.0) had 11%, 41%, and 102% more primary care, and 14%, 29%, and 78% more secondary care contacts, respectively. Females with normal weight had, on average, 210 primary care contacts and 91 secondary care contacts. Females with overweight, category I obesity, and category II/III obesity had 20%, 34%, and 81% more primary care contacts, and 26%, 16%, and 16% more secondary care contacts, respectively. Conclusion: The positive association between BMI and healthcare utilization was reduced, but not offset, when BMI-specific survival was taken into consideration. Our findings underpin previous research and suggest that interventions to offset the increasing prevalence of overweight, and especially obesity, are warranted.

scholarly journals Implementation of a novel primary care pathway for patients with severe and enduring mental illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Röhricht ◽  
Gopal Krishan Waddon ◽  
Paul Binfield ◽  
Rhiannon England ◽  
Richard Fradgley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Care Patient ◽  
Care Models

Aims and methodNew collaborative care models with an emphasis on primary care are required for long-term management of patients with severe and enduring mental illness (SMI). We conducted a descriptive evaluation of clinical outcomes of the first 3 years of a novel enhanced primary care (EPC) service. Data from 2818 patients and staff survey results were analysed.Results2310 patients were discharged to EPC (508 not assessed as clinically suitable or patients/general practitioners declined the transfer); mean length of stay with secondary care service of the cohort was 9.8 years (range 0–24). 717 patients (31%) have been discharged to primary care only out of the EPC services and 233 patients (10%) have been transferred back to secondary care. Patient and staff satisfaction with the new EPC model was high. No severe untoward incidents were recorded.Clinical implicationsThe data suggest that EPC can be safely provided for a significant proportion of patients with SMI, who traditionally received long-term secondary care support. The novel EPC model can be utilised as a template for the provision of cost-effective, recovery-oriented and non-stigmatising care in the community.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document