Glenoid version: the role of genetic and environmental factors on its variability. An MRI study on asymptomatic elderly twins

Background Glenoid version is the most variable parameter of the shoulder joint. No authors investigated if intrinsic genetic factors or influences from extrinsic sources are responsible for its variability. Aim We compared glenoid version between elderly monozygotic and dizygotic twins intending to separate the contributions of genetics from shared and unique environments. Methods Glenoid version of the dominant shoulder was assessed by MRI using Friedman’s method in 30 pairs of elderly twins (16 monozygotic–14 dizygotic; mean age ± SD: 63.72 ± 3.37, 53–72). Heritability was estimated as twice the difference between the intraclass correlation coefficients for monozygotic and dizygotic pairs. The influence of shared environment was calculated as the difference between monozygotic correlation coefficient and the heritability index. According to job category, one way analysis of variance was used to estimate the differences between groups in the total sample and within zygosity groups. Results Glenoid version angle in monozygotic and dizygotic twins was −2° (SD: 2°) and −3° (SD: 3°), respectively (p = 0.334). Heritability index was 0.98, while the contributions of shared and unique environment were 0 and 0.02, respectively. According to working classes, no significant differences were found between the groups (p = 0.732, F = 0.31). Conclusions Glenoid version is mainly genetically determined and only marginally influenced by environments. Level of evidence: III.

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Assessment of reliability and validity of the 5-scale grading system of the point-of-care immunoassay for tear matrix metalloproteinase-9

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92020-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Minjeong Kim ◽

Ja Young Oh ◽

Seon Ha Bae ◽

Seung Hyeun Lee ◽

Won Jun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽

Calibration Curve ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Interobserver Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Grading System ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

The Difference

AbstractWe evaluated the reliability and validity of the 5-scale grading system to interpret the point-of-care immunoassay for tear matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Six observers graded red bands of photographs of the readout window in MMP-9 immunoassay kit (InflammaDry) two times with 2-week interval based on the 5-scale grading system (i.e. grade 0–4). Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. The interobserver agreements were analyzed according to the severity of tear MMP-9 expression. To validate the system, a concentration calibration curve was made using MMP-9 solutions with reference concentrations, then the distribution of MMP-9 concentrations was analyzed according to the 5-scale grading system. Both intraobserver and interobserver reliability was excellent. The readout grades were significantly correlated with the quantified colorimetric densities. The interobserver variance of readout grades had no correlation with the severity of the measured densities. The band density continued to increase up to a maximal concentration (i.e. 5000 ng/mL) according to the calibration curve. The difference of grades reflected the change of MMP-9 concentrations sensitively, especially between grade 2 and 4. Together, our data indicate that the subjective 5-scale grading system in the point-of-care MMP-9 immunoassay is an easy and reliable method with acceptable accuracy.

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Four-Dimensional CT Analysis of Dorsal Intercalated Segment Instability in patients with Suspected Scapholunate Instability

Journal of Wrist Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1722571 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lionel Athlani ◽

Jonathan Granero ◽

Kamel Rouizi ◽

Gabriela Hossu ◽

Alain Blum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interobserver Variability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Threshold Values ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Ct Arthrography ◽

Scapholunate Instability ◽

Ct Analysis ◽

The Difference ◽

Dorsal Intercalated Segment Instability ◽

Work Up

Abstract Background In this study we sought to evaluate the contribution of dynamic four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) relative to the standard imaging work-up for the identification of the dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) in patients with suspected chronic scapholunate instability (SLI). Methods Forty patients (22 men, 18 women; mean age 46.5 ± 13.1 years) with suspected SLI were evaluated prospectively with radiographs, arthrography, and 4DCT. Based on radiographs and CT arthrography, three groups were defined: positive SLI (n = 16), negative SLI (n = 19), and questionable SLI (n = 5). Two independent readers used 4DCT to evaluate the lunocapitate angle (LCA) (mean, max, coefficient of variation [CV], and range values) during radioulnar deviation. Results The interobserver variability of the 4DCT variables was deemed excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79 to 0.96). Between the three groups, there was no identifiable difference for the LCAmean. The LCAmax values were lower in the positive SLI group (88 degrees) than the negative SLI group (102 degrees). The positive SLI group had significantly lower LCAcv (7% vs. 12%, p = 0.02) and LCArange (18 vs. 27 degrees, p = 0.01) values than the negative SLI group. The difference in all the LCA parameters between the positive SLI group and the questionable SLI group was not statistically significant. When comparing the negative SLI and questionable SLI groups, the LCAcv (p = 0.03) and LCArange (p = 0.02) values were also significantly different. The best differentiation between patients with and without SLI was obtained with a LCAcv and LCArange threshold values of 9% (specificity of 63% and sensitivity of 62%) and 20 degrees (specificity of 71% and sensitivity of 63%), respectively. Conclusion In this study, 4DCT appeared as a quantitative and reproducible relevant tool for the evaluation of DISI deformity in cases of SLI, including for patients presenting with questionable initial radiography findings. Level of evidence This is a Level III study.

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3D Biometrics for Hindfoot Alignment Using Weightbearing Computed Tomography

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/1071100719835492 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 720-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jian Zhong Zhang ◽

François Lintz ◽

Alessio Bernasconi ◽

Shu Zhang ◽

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Interobserver Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Hindfoot Alignment ◽

Mean Values ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Prospective Comparative Study

Background: Weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) is a useful tool for the assessment of hindfoot alignment (HA). Foot ankle offset (FAO) is a recently introduced parameter, determined from WBCT images using semiautomatic software. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical relevance and reproducibility of FAO for the evaluation of HA. Methods: A prospective comparative study was performed on consecutive patients requiring bilateral WBCT between September 2017 and April 2018. Based on the clinical assessment of HA, patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) normal alignment group (G1), (2) valgus (G2), and (3) varus (G3). FAO and long axial view (HACT) were measured on WBCT images, and the groups were compared. The reproducibility of FAO and HACT was determined through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Regression analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between the 2 methods. Overall, 249 feet (126 patients) were included (G1 = 115, G2 = 78, and G3 = 56 feet). Results: The mean values for FAO and HACT were 1.2% ± 2.8% and 3.9 ± 3.1, respectively, in G1; 8.1% ± 3.7% and 9.7 ± 4.9 in G2; and −6.6% ± 4.8% and −8.2 ± 6.6 in G3. Intra- and interobserver reliability was 0.987 and 0.988 for FAO and 0.949 and 0.949 for HACT, respectively. There was a good linear correlation between HACT and FAO ( R2 = 0.744), with a regression slope of 1.064. Conclusions: WBCT was a useful method for the characterization of HA. FAO was reproducible and correlated well with physical examination. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.

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Reproducibility and reliability of three-dimensional soft tissue landmark identification using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/120715-833.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (6) ◽

pp. 1004-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Asli Baysal ◽

Ahmet Oguz Sahan ◽

Mehmet Ali Ozturk ◽

Tancan Uysal

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Landmark Identification ◽

The Difference ◽

Intraexaminer Reliability

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the intraexaminer repeatability and interexaminer reproducibility of soft tissue landmarks on three-dimensional (3-D) stereophogrammetric images. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four stereophotogrammetric images were taken and 19 soft tissue points were identified. The images were obtained using the 3-DMD Face (3-DMD TM Ltd, Atlanta, Ga) system. Two examiners marked 34 images manually with a mouse-driven cursor 4 weeks apart. Intraexaminer marking differences were calculated and classified as <0.5 mm, 0.5–1 mm, and >1 mm. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for intraexaminer reliability. A paired-samples t-test was used to evaluate the difference between the examiners. Interexaminer reproducibility was evaluated by kappa analysis. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results: Only one landmark (labiale superior) had an intraexaminer marking difference less than 0.5 mm. Existing landmarks had an intraexaminer difference less than 1 mm, but higher than 0.5 mm. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated good intraexaminer repeatability for both observers. The ICC range for examiners 1 and 2 was 0.986–1.000 and 0.990–1.000, respectively. Kappa scores showed good interexaminer agreement, especially on the z-axis. Conclusions: Except labiale superior, the soft tissue landmarks used in this study were shown to have moderate reproducibility, but the difference between the landmarks was less than 1 mm, and they had clinically acceptable reproducibility.

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Noninvasive quantitative estimation of hepatic steatosis by ultrasound: a comparison of the hepato-renal index and ultrasound attenuation index.

Medical Ultrasonography ◽

10.11152/mu-868 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 431 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Heon-Ju Kwon ◽

Kyoung Won Kim ◽

Jin-Hee Jung ◽

Sang Hyun Choi ◽

Woo Kyoung Jeong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Interobserver Agreement ◽

Quantitative Estimation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Ultrasound Attenuation ◽

Attenuation Index ◽

The Difference

Aims: To compare the accuracy of the ultrasound attenuation index (USAI) and hepato-renal index (HRI) for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis (HS). Material and methods: Two hundred and twenty-four potential living hepatic donors underwent US and subsequent US-guided liver biopsy. The USAI was calculated from US images with an 8 MHz transducer and HRI was measured on sagittal images with a clear visualization of both the liver and kidney. Using histological degrees of HS as the reference standard, we compared the performance of USAI and HRI for diagnosing HS ≥ 5% and ≥ 30% by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The interobserver agreement was evaluated by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) or Bland–Altman statistics. Results: Histologic degree of HS was 0–70% (median, 5%). HRI showed a tendency towards higher accuracy than USAI for diagnosing HS ≥ 5% (the area under the ROC curve, 0.856 vs. 0.820; p= 0.279) and ≥ 30% (0.937 vs. 0.909; p = 0.378) without statistical significance. There was an excellent interobserver agreement for both USAI and HRI (ICC = 0.931 and 0.973, respectively). According to the Bland–Altman method, the 95% limits of difference between two readers for HS were −8.5% to 6.6% by USAI and −4.8% to 6.2% by HRI. Most patients would have the difference of calculated HS by USAI (74.0%) and HRI (96.0%) from different operators within a range of ±5%. Conclusions: Although statistically insignificant, HRI was superior to USAI for the diagnosis and quantitative estimation of HS in terms of diagnostic performance, including accuracy and reproducibility.

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A New Method for Measuring Glenoid Version on Standard Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty ◽

10.1177/2471549220926826 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 247154922092682

Author(s):

Nicholas J. Maister ◽

Andrew Hely ◽

Liam G. Twycross ◽

Stephen D. Gill ◽

Richard S. Page

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Shoulder Instability ◽

Interobserver Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

New Method ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Glenoid Version ◽

Standard Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background The most effective method and modality for measuring glenoid version for different shoulder conditions is uncertain. Computed tomography (CT) imaging exposes the patient to radiation, and standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not consistently image the entire scapula. This study investigates the reliability of a new method for assessing glenoid version using routine shoulder MRI. Methods MRI images of 20 patients undergoing arthroscopy for shoulder instability were independently assessed by 3 clinicians for osseous and chondrolabral glenoid version. To assess glenoid version, a line was drawn from medial corner of the glenoid body to midpoint of the glenoid face. A line perpendicular to this was the reference against which to measure glenoid version. Measurements were repeated after 3 months to assess intra- and interobserver reliability. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results Interclass correlation coefficients showed at least good reliability for most estimates of intraobserver reliability (ICC ≥ .66) and excellent reliability for most estimates of interobserver reliability (ICC ≥ .84), with the exception of some inferior glenoid measurements where ICC was poor (ICC ≤.41). Discussion We propose that this new method of measuring glenoid on standard axial MRI can be used as a simple, practical, and reliable method in shoulder instability patients, which will reduce the requirement for CT in this group.

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Reliability of Measuring the Cervical Sagittal Translation Mobility with a Simple Method in a Clinical Setting

Rehabilitation Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2012/629104 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yvonne Severinsson ◽

Lena Elisson ◽

Olle Bunketorp

Keyword(s):

Clinical Setting ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Practical Method ◽

Systematic Difference ◽

Reference Plane ◽

Rank Test ◽

Rater Agreement ◽

Simple Method ◽

The Difference

Introduction. The cervical sagittal translation mobility is related to neck pain. A practical method for measuring the specific cervical mobility is needed. The aim was to describe a simple method for measuring the cervical sagittal translation mobility and to evaluate its reliability in a clinical setting.Method. The head protraction and retraction ranges of thirty healthy seated subjects were measured from a dorsal reference plane by two physiotherapists utilizing a tape measure. A standard inclinometer/goniometer was used to minimize angular movements of the head during the translational movements. The measurements were made twice for each subject with a two-hours interval between each measurement. The inter-rater and intra-rater agreements were evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and with the distribution of the difference of the measurements. The systematic differences were analysed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results. The intra-rater agreement was good. The inter-rater agreement was moderate in the first measurement and good in the second. A systematic difference was noted between raters in the first measurement but not in the second, possibly indicating a learning effect.Discussion. The method used in the study is simple and reliable and can be recommended for clinical use.

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Assessment of Physical Activity in Older People With and Without Cognitive Impairment

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.19.4.347 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 347-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Klaus Hauer ◽

Stephen R. Lord ◽

Ulrich Lindemann ◽

Sarah E. Lamb ◽

Kamiar Aminian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Older People ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Total Sample ◽

Motion Sensor ◽

Sensitivity To Change ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The purpose of this study was to validate a new interview-administered physical activity questionnaire (Assessment of Physical Activity in Frail Older People; APAFOP) in older people with and without cognitive impairment. The authors assessed feasibility, validity, and test–retest reliability in 168 people (n= 78 with,n= 88 without cognitive impairment). Concurrent validity was assessed against an inertia-based motion sensor and an established questionnaire. Sensitivity to change was tested in an ongoing study in patients with mild to moderate dementia (n= 81). Assessment of physical activity by the APAFOP and the motion sensor correlated well in the total sample (TS; p= .705), as well as in the subsamples with cognitive impairment (CI;p= .585) and without CI (p= .787). Excellent feasibility with an acceptance rate of 100%, test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from .973 (TS) to .975 (CI) to .966 (no CI), and sensitivity to change (effect sizes: 0.35–1.47) were found in both subsamples.

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Reliability of Stereophotogrammetry for Area Measurement in the Periocular Region

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00266-020-02091-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinhua Liu ◽

Alexander C. Rokohl ◽

Yongwei Guo ◽

Senmao Li ◽

Xiaoyi Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Full Description ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Technical Errors ◽

Periocular Region ◽

Relative Errors

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) stereophotography area measurements are essential for describing morphology in the periocular region. However, its reliability has not yet been sufficiently validated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 3D stereophotogrammetric area measurements in the periocular region. Forty healthy volunteers had five flat paper objects placed at each of the seven periocular positions including the endocanthion and the upper medial, upper middle, upper lateral, lower medial, lower middle, and the lower lateral eyelid. Two series of photographic images were captured twice by the same investigator. Each image of the first series was measured twice by the same rater, while images of both series were measured once by a second rater. Differences between these measurements were calculated, and the intrarater, interrater, and intramethod reliability was evaluated for intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), mean absolute differences (MADs), technical errors of measurements (TEMs), relative errors of measurements (REMs), and relative TEM (rTEM). Our results showed that 21.2% of all ICCs were considered as excellent, 45.5% were good, 27.3% were moderate, and 6.1% were poor. The interrater ICC for the endocanthion location was 0.4% on a low level. MAD values for all objects were less than 0.3 mm2, all TEM were less than 1 mm2, the REM and rTEM were less than 2% for all objects, showing high reliability. 3D stereophotogrammetry is a highly reliable system for periocular area measurements and may be used in the clinical routine for planning oculoplastic surgeries and for evaluating changes in periocular morphology.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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Thumb Proprioception in Hypermobile and Non-Hypermobile Adults: An Observational Study

The Allied Health Scholar ◽

10.21913/tahs.v2i2.1606 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Leon Fonseka ◽

Nicola Massy-Westropp ◽

Steve Milanese ◽

Arjun Burlakoti

Keyword(s):

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Joint Hypermobility ◽

Angular Distance ◽

Test Reliability ◽

Joint Position ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

The Difference ◽

Design And Methods

Aims and Background Hypermobility is a common presentation in the community and is reported related to higher rates of injury and musculoskeletal pain, however the mechanism underpinning this relationship remains unclear. Poor proprioception in hypermobile joints has been proposed as a potential mechanism. This study aims to determine if there is a difference in proprioceptive acuity, as measured by joint position reproduction, in adults with generalised joint hypermobility. Design and methods A convenience sample of 26 university students and staff (mean age 29.23 years, range 18-47) were recruited, of which 12 participants displayed generalised joint hypermobility, and 14 did not. A laser light, mounted to the dominant thumb, was used to test joint position reproduction sense by pointing to targets using a unilateral active-active position reproduction protocol. Results/Findings Test reliability across a range of targets was poor to good (intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.1163 to 0.7256), indicating significant variability between participants. No significant differences was found in absolute angle of error between generalised joint hypermobility and non-generalised joint hypermobility participants. For direction of error in relation to the proprioceptive targets, only 30° thumb extension above horizontal was found to be significantly different between the hypermobile and non-hypermobile groups, with hypermobile participants tending to underestimate distance to target. Age and sex were not correlated to thumb proprioception. Application and Conclusion The difference found in direction of error and tendency to underestimate angular distance may be protective against straying into possibly injurious end-ranges; however, larger studies are recommended to confirm this.

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