scholarly journals The Political Contexts of Religious Exchanges: A Study on Chinese Protestants’ International Relations

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Brandner
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
Protestant Christians ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Inter State

This article surveys the complex ecumenical, missionary and international church relations of Chinese Protestant Christians. It argues that the inter-church relations to other parts of Asia are overshadowed by relations to Christians in the West, thus reflecting a political preoccupation with relationships to the West. This is evidenced by an analysis of worldwide and Asian ecumenism as well as bilateral church and missionary relationships. The dominance of contacts with the West not only contradicts the idea of a multipolar world and increased South-South contacts, it also stands in contrast to the reality of growing and increasingly important Christianity in Asia. Methodologically, this paper analyses different kinds of international relations (multilateral and bilateral, inter-church and missionary) and develops a typology of different inter-church and inter-state relations to assess international church relations in Asia today. The typology shows how China's international church relations support its political relationships with its neighbours and beyond.

scholarly journals How to boost the Western response to Russian hostile influence operations

European View ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Jakub Janda
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
The West ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Uk

The Russian Federation has become a rogue state in international relations, invading and occupying the territories of three European countries (Moldova, Georgia and Ukraine), waging war in the Ukrainian territory, producing massive disinformation campaigns against the West, threatening the Baltic republics, and interfering in various elections and referendums. Despite Russia’s aggressive behaviour, the West’s response to it has been significantly limited, particularly when it comes to non-military deterrence by Continental Europe. The US and the UK are leading the punishment of Russia’s aggression, while many countries, mainly in Western and Southern Europe, are hesitant to respond to this threat. This article makes recommendations as to what should be done in practical terms to boost the European portion of the Western response to Russian aggression from the political and policy points of view.

National, supranational, international: New Belgrade and the symbolic construction of a socialist capital

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kulić
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Communist Government

The construction of New Belgrade as the new capital of socialist Yugoslavia was the most symbolic modernizing act initiated by the country's communist government. Yet, its precise meanings were suspended between the complicated and permanently transitory concepts of socialist Yugoslavia's federalism and its international aspirations. Focusing on three characteristic “snapshots” of the city's physical development, this paper analyzes how New Belgrade and its most important buildings represented the shifting concepts of socialist Yugoslavia as a multiethnic community and its even more changeable place in the world. The first snapshot deals with the years immediately following World War II, during which New Belgrade was conceived as the seat of a centralized Stalinist state in close alliance with the USSR. The second deals with the effects of Yugoslavia's break from the Soviet bloc in 1948, especially its rapprochement with the West and the start of the decentralization of the federal state. Finally, the third explores the late socialist period: the dwindling of New Belgrade's role as the political heart of the federation, and at the same time its emergence as a locus of Yugoslavia's ambition to play a leading role in international relations, especially through its activity in the Non-Aligned Movement.

Violence in international relations: The first and the last word

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Wight
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Moral Judgement ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Complete Eradication ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Inter State

This article examines change and continuity in the function, role and moral judgement of violence in international relations. In terms of change, the conclusions are mostly pessimistic if the aim is the complete eradication of political violence. The control of violence, on the other hand, and the ability to hold those who employ it to increasing moral and legal standards is perhaps one of the most significant changes in international relations from 1919 to 2019. However, this does not mean that violence has been replaced or even transformed. Violence is constitutive of the political. It is the first and the last word in politics. This is the continuity of violence. Violence, of which war is only the most visceral expression, has not been transformed or replaced, but rather it has been displaced into legal systems, institutional orders and new forms of conflict. Inter-state war may be in decline, but intra-state conflict is rising. To develop this argument, the article argues that change can only be understood as change against a horizon of continuity.

scholarly journals The unfinished global revolution: intellectuals and the new politics of international relations

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Shaw
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
The Political ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Global State ◽  
The West ◽  
New Politics ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
New Challenges

More than a decade after the revolutions of 1989, we can see these as a high point of a new, worldwide and increasingly global wave of democratic revolution and counter-revolution. Violent struggles between the political forces unleashed have produced genocidal wars and stimulated global state formation. These developments present concerned citizens and students of international relations and politics with new challenges. This article criticizes two trends in the responses of political intellectuals in the West: the ‘new anarchism’ of some critical thinkers in the academic discipline of international relations, and ‘yesterday's radicalism’ which has led some left-wing critics to revive the defence of sovereignty for repressive and genocidal non-Western states. The lecture concludes by outlining an alternative ‘new politics’ of international relations

Political Limits of International Human Rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Başak Çalı
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
The West ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
International Human ◽  
Western Hegemony

This chapter addresses the political limits of international human rights, but disagrees with the realist international relations and the Western hegemony approaches as to how we may locate and problematize such limits. A key objection that the chapter makes to realists and the Western hegemony approach is their static conception of human rights. Contrary to the view that human rights is a gift of Western powers to the rest, the chapter proposes to conceive contemporary human rights as a multiple authored transnational practice that challenges power not only in the rest but also in the West. Yet, human rights, conceived in this dynamic and transformative way, are not free from political limits. Limits to contemporary human rights can best be located in two places: the majoritarian objection to human rights domestically and the global resistance to regulate corporate powers for human rights abuses.

scholarly journals The Role of Negotiations in International Relations: دور المفاوضات في العلاقات الدولية

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamer Abdullah Eid Alsubaie
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inter State

    What was the sporadic intercourse to facilitate contacts among various ancient political entities in different parts of the world became organized inter-state relations between nations and states, supported diplomacy as the art of settling disputes by negotiations. Negotiations have become the essential instrument at the core of contemporary international relations that are constantly changing in time and space. The negotiations brought the shift of major importance and had direct impact on international relations. The international organizations have been empowered to assist governments of its member states in progressive liberalization of trade in all areas. Negotiations have intensified the inter-state relations contacts collection of information about the ways other societies are organized and act. Negotiations have become primary tools in building international consensus on most important issues of security, war and peace. This research aimed to assess the role of negotiations in international relations. In order to achieve this aim, the researcher reviewed articles and research that dealt with examining the origin of the research variables, and also aimed to identify the relationship between these variables. In addition to that, the researcher conducted in depth interviews with 15 key officials in Saudi Arabia. The results of the study found that effective negotiations have a positive impact on the quality of international relations. Of the main recommendations of the study is that it is essential that the negotiator have the required sets of skills to ensure an effective negotiation process.    

scholarly journals In-between Translation, Transformation and Contestation: Studying Human Rights Activism as Politics-as-Ruptures in Violent Social Conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Richard Georgi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
Political Function ◽  
Discursive Politics ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
New Research

How can we study the politics of human rights activism in violent social conflicts? International Relations scholarship has long neglected the ambiguous political relationships between human rights activism and violent social conflicts. Addressing this gap requires new research methodologies that place the focus not on the normative or legal dimensions of human rights, but in how their usage constitutes the political. In this article I argue that using post-foundational discourse theory makes visible ‘politics-as-ruptures’ that locate the political function of human rights activism precisely in the resistance to representations of violence in conflict discourses. I analyse this political function by asking how activists translate human rights norms, transform conflict discourses, and thereby contest power relations. As examples, the article presents three types of discursive politics that I studied in Colombia. These examples point out further pathways to pose empirical questions about the roles of human rights activism in transforming social conflicts.

Mogul Sovereignty and the Law of Nations (1955)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Alexandrowicz
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The West ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Inter State

The historian of the law of nations, when considering Mogul sovereignty, is concerned with two main problems: first, the legal status of the Mogul Empire within the family of nations and the type of law applicable to inter-state relations at that time; and second, the internal structure of the Empire, which was essentially based on a network of suzerain–vassal relationships. This chapter discusses a few characteristic events to shed more light on these problems. Such events may be chosen from Anglo-Mogul relations in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. The period between the reign of Emperor Akbar and Emperor Aurangzeb saw the greatest expansion of the Empire and one of the most remarkable episodes during this period—an episode which helps to illustrate the legal nature of relations between India and the West, the embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of Agra.

The Use and Misuse of Religious Language: Zionism and the Palestinians

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wetherell
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Title Deed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Question

Every discipline which deals with the land question in Canaan-Palestine-Israel is afflicted by the problem of specialisation. The political scientist and historian usually discuss the issue of land in Israel purely in terms of interethnic and international relations, biblical scholars concentrate on the historical and archaeological question with virtually no reference to ethics, and scholars of human rights usually evade the question of God. What follows is an attempt, through theology and political history, to understand the history of the Israel-Palestine land question in a way which respects the complexity of the question. From a scrutiny of the language used in the Bible to the development of political Zionism from the late 19th century it is possible to see the way in which a secular movement mobilised the figurative language of religion into a literal ‘title deed’ to the land of Palestine signed by God.

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