scholarly journals Civil Society Action and Governance in Vietnam: Selected Findings from an Empirical Survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Wischermann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Civic Organizations ◽  
Decision Making Processes

In this article, findings from 300 standardized interviews with representatives of Civic Organizations in Ho Chi Minh-City and Ha Noi are presented. Following a view of civil society as a specific mode of social action and interaction, data analysis unveils the existence of core dimensions of such action (respect, empathy/ sympathy, and the willingness to compromise and stick to agreed-upon rules), though the respective values of those dimensions vary strongly. Inseparably linked with such civil society action of whatever kind is consensus-seeking, an aversion to conflicts, and an affinity to synthesis. These attitudes and practices, dominating various Civic Organizations’ internal decision-making processes, represent elements of authoritarian political thinking in Civic Organizations’ leaders’ mindsets and courses of action. Combined, those characteristics make up civil society action “in Vietnamese colours”.

scholarly journals Attitudes and decision-making processes of Midwakh smoking among adult males in UAE

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S233-S233
Author(s):  
Hamid Alhaj ◽  
Rahaf Abughosh ◽  
Batool Aldaher ◽  
Asma Elhewairis ◽  
Ahmed Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
P Value ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Decision Making Processes

AimsMidwakh, which involves smoking an Arabian tobacco blend typically mixed with herbs and spices, has recently become a major health concern due to a spreading popularity among adolescents and young adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is known to contain a higher nicotine content than cigarettes, potentially increasing the risk of addiction, despite contrary popular belief among young smokers. Yet, little is known about attitudes and decision-making processes involving this emerging smoking behaviour. The aim of this study was to ascertain the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Midwakh use among adult males in the UAE.MethodA cross sectional study was conducted among male adults in Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah. A total of 500 participants completed self-administered validated questionnaires, which consisted of 30 questions that targeted the public's understanding, perception and use of Midwakh. Data were analysed using SPSS 23. Percentages and means were calculated for demographic data and Chi-Square was utilised to measure relations between categorical variables. Odds Ratio (OR) was used to estimate how strongly a predictor was associated to an outcome. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultThe prevalence of smoking Midwakh was 34.8% among the study sample. Males between ages 26 to 35 were found to be 4.48 times (95% CI: 1.59–12.66) more likely to be current Midwakh smokers than any other age groups (P = 0.01). Emiratis in the study were 5.92 times (95% CI: 2.83–12.35) more likely to smoke Midwakh than expats. 65% of respondents reported willingness to smoke Midwakh if it was offered to them. Adults with 3-4 close friends who smoke Midwakh were 6.8 times (95% CI: 2.08–22.41) more likely to smoke Midwakh themselves. Knowledge of being unsafe was cited in 62% of the participants as a cause of quitting Midwakh within two years.ConclusionOur results demonstrate a significant impact of peer pressure on the decision-making process of Midwakh smoking. The high prevalence among young male residents warrants a multi-agency public health approach to tackle the issue. Culturally sensitive campaigns raising awareness to the harmful effect of Midwakh including its addictiveness appear to be essential. Further research investigating the effects of a targeted Midwakh-smoking cessation approaches is warranted.

Conquery: an Open Source Application to analyze High Content Healthcare Data (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Kovacs ◽  
Max Thonagel ◽  
Marion Ludwig ◽  
Alexander Albrecht ◽  
Manuel Hegner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Analytical Approaches

BACKGROUND Big data in healthcare must be exploited to achieve a substantial increase in efficiency and competitiveness. Especially the analysis of patient-related data possesses huge potential to improve decision-making processes. However, most analytical approaches used today are highly time- and resource-consuming. OBJECTIVE The presented software solution Conquery is an open-source software tool providing advanced, but intuitive data analysis without the need for specialized statistical training. Conquery aims to simplify big data analysis for novice database users in the medical sector. METHODS Conquery is a document-oriented distributed timeseries database and analysis platform. Its main application is the analysis of per-person medical records by non-technical medical professionals. Complex analyses are realized in the Conquery frontend by dragging tree nodes into the query editor. Queries are evaluated by a bespoke distributed query-engine for medical records in a column-oriented fashion. We present a custom compression scheme to facilitate low response times that uses online calculated as well as precomputed metadata and data statistics. RESULTS Conquery allows for easy navigation through the hierarchy and enables complex study cohort construction whilst reducing the demand on time and resources. The UI of Conquery and a query output is exemplified by the construction of a relevant clinical cohort. CONCLUSIONS Conquery is an efficient and intuitive open-source software for performant and secure data analysis and aims at supporting decision-making processes in the healthcare sector.

Conclusion: SDO Decision-making and the Public Interest

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-237
Author(s):  
Alison Harcourt ◽  
George Christou ◽  
Seamus Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
International Level ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurship ◽  
Historical Representation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The conclusion situates the book’s findings in academic debates on democracy and the Internet, global self-regulation, and civil society, and international decision-making processes in unstructured environments. It assesses whether current standards-developing organization (SDO) decision-making is able to bridge historical representation gaps and deficiencies. A nuanced pattern is emerging with increasing inclusion of a wider number of actors within SDO fora. The first part of the chapter returns to the Multiple Streams (MS) framework applied to the case studies on a comparative basis. It identifies key processes under which SDO rules of interaction are established at the international level and explains which interests have come to the fore within decision-making highlighting the occurrence of policy entrepreneurship, forum shopping, and coupling. The final part explores additional frameworks for SDO regulation where spaces for public interest consideration might occur in the future. These are opportunities for inserting public interest considerations into international and national Acts, certification programmes, and the move towards open source solutions for Internet management. The book concludes that, although the literature is expansive on the interaction of corporate sector actors within SDOs, the study of other actors, such as digital rights groups, civil society, academics, policy entrepreneurs and the technical community as a whole, has been underdressed in the literature on international self-regulatory fora to date. In this respect, the book raises important questions of representation of the public interest at the international level by having addressed the actions of actors within SDO fora who promote public interest goals.

DEMOCRACY AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN RUSSIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE KOVALEV ◽  
JOHANN KÖPPEL ◽  
ALEXANDER DROZDOV ◽  
ECKHARDT DITTRICH
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
Approval Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Russian Federation

Since 1988, the Russian Federation has required that laws, plans, programs and all kind of projects undergo an environmental assessment. A mandatory component of the EIA in Russia is public participation. In this paper different case studies are used to find out to what extent public could influence environmental decision making processes from the early eighties until 2002. The cases selected include several where the public was passive or where it had limited activities, but also some where the participation was strong and projects were improved or stopped. As far as these case studies highlighted, the civil society in Russia can be described as an organized and sometimes strong factor in the approval process. The behaviour displayed by decision-makers, however, revealed at times a remarkable democratic deficit.

scholarly journals OSCE rater cognition – an international multi-centre qualitative study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hyde ◽  
Christine Fessey ◽  
Katharine Boursicot ◽  
Rhoda MacKenzie ◽  
Deirdre McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Student Perception ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examinations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Recruiting Strategy ◽  
Tacit Assumptions

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to explore the decision-making processes of raters during objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs), in particular to explore the tacit assumptions and beliefs of raters as well as rater idiosyncrasies. Methods Thinking aloud protocol interviews were used to gather data on the thoughts of examiners during their decision-making, while watching trigger OSCE videos and rating candidates. A purposeful recruiting strategy was taken, with a view to interviewing both examiners with many years of experience (greater than six years) and those with less experience examining at final medical examination level. Results Thirty-one interviews were conducted in three centres in three different countries. Three themes were identified during data analysis, entitled ‘OSCEs are inauthentic’, ‘looking for glimpses of truth’ and ‘evolution with experience’. Conclusion Raters perceive that the shortcomings of OSCEs can have unwanted effects on student behaviour. Some examiners, more likely the more experienced group, may deviate from an organisations directions due to perceived shortcomings of the assessment. No method of assessment is without flaw, and it is important to be aware of the limitations and shortcomings of assessment methods on student performance and examiner perception. Further study of assessor and student perception of OSCE performance would be helpful.

scholarly journals Automated Decision-Making and Environmental Impact Assessments: Decisions, Data Analysis and Predictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Nay ◽  
Anna Huggins ◽  
Felicity Deane
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Driven Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Automated Decision Making

This article critically examines the opportunities and challenges that automated decision-making (ADM) poses for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) as a crucial aspect of environmental law. It argues that while fully or partially automating discretionary EIA decisions is legally and technically problematic, there is significant potential for data-driven decision-making tools to provide superior analysis and predictions to better inform EIA processes. Discretionary decision-making is desirable for EIA decisions given the inherent complexity associated with environmental regulation and the prediction of future impacts. This article demonstrates that current ADM tools cannot adequately replicate human discretionary processes for EIAs—even if there is human oversight and review of automated outputs. Instead of fully or partially automating EIA decisions, data-driven decision-making can be more appropriately deployed to enhance data analysis and predictions to optimise EIA decision-making processes. This latter type of ADM can augment decision-making processes without displacing the critical role of human discretion in weighing the complex environmental, social and economic considerations inherent in EIA determinations.

An Investigation of BI Implementation Critical Success Factors in Iranian Context

2016 ◽  
pp. 1935-1951
Author(s):  
Ahad Zare Ravasan ◽  
Sogol Rabiee Savoji
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Iranian Context

Nowadays, many organizations take Business Intelligence (BI) systems to improve their decision-making processes. Although many organizations have adopted BI systems, not all of these implementations have been successful. This paper seeks to identify critical success factors (CSFs) that impact on successful implementation of BI systems in organizations. So, at first, through literature review, 26 CSFs were identified. Following that, a questionnaire was developed and then filled out by domain experts who had at least three years of experience in BI implementation projects in Iran. Robust Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was run for data analysis, which finally classified 26 CSFs into four distinct groups termed as “organizational”, “human”, “project management”, and “technical”. The results of this study provide a very useful reference for scholars and managers to identify the relevant issues of BI projects in Iran.

Participation of People With Disabilities in the Decision-Making Process in Nepal

2022 ◽  
pp. 242-263
Author(s):  
Obindra B. Chand ◽  
Sudeep Uprety
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Municipal Level

Despite the significant social and political changes over the last five decades in Nepal, persons with disabilities (PwDs) still face challenges in their everyday lives. Lack of meaningful participation of PwDs in leadership and decision-making processes, social stigma, discrimination, and inaccessible physical facilities have excluded PwDs from freely exercising fundamental rights such as voting. Mass media and civil society occasionally raise issues and problems faced by PwDs. Equally, the dearth of data regarding disability has created further challenges to policymakers and planners to understand the diversity of PwD issues at large. Based on a qualitative study, this chapter aims to explore the participation of PwDs particularly in the different phases of policy formulation (such as consultation and participation) at the municipal level and calls for crucial actions for ensuring meaningful participation of PwDs in democratic processes in Nepal in the current federal context.

Policy analysis in civil society organisations

2018 ◽  
pp. 199-212
Author(s):  
Güneş Ertan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This chapter is mainly concerned with providing a concise synopsis of the state of civil society in Turkey and an overview of the decision-making processes at civil society organizations (CSOs) by combining data from various empirical studies. The chapter begins with a discussion of the roots of weak civil society in Turkey followed by an illustration of the current state of civil society as a space. The chapter will then examine policy analysis practices in CSOs with a focus on prevalent decision making structures and the role of external funds in addition to agenda setting and evaluation processes. The chapter concludes by arguing that CSOs in Turkey are still yet to become effective implementers of policy analysis tools.

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