scholarly journals Role of Autophagy Biomarkers In Burn-Age Estimation and Progression

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Heba A. Yassa ◽  
Randa T. Hanna ◽  
Hala Zein El Abdin
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Histopathological Effects ◽  
Skin Samples ◽  
Second Degree

Background: Determination of time passed since burn injury in the living is critical in forensic science. Autophagy biomarkers and vitronectin can play an important role in determination of the age of burn injuries through their levels in the tissue. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of autophagy biomarkers in dating burn injury and to correlate them with the histopathological effects of deep second-degree thermal burn. Method: Fifty-four male rats were used in this study after infliction of second-degree thermal burns to their skin. Samples were taken from them after 30 minutes and one, four, 24, 48, and 72 hours following burn to be examined histologically and also for autophagy biomarkers and vitronectin. Results: Significant reduction in the autophagy biomarkers (p < 0.001) over the first 24 hours then began to increase but still not reach the normal level up to 72 hours after burn. Vitronectin level increased after burn infliction 1.5-fold after first hour, then up to four-fold after four hours and after that began to decline but still did not reach the normal level up to 72 hours. Conclusion: Autophagy biomarkers can be used as a forensic tool in determination of the time passed since burn infliction in living.

Burns and Electrical Injuries

2019 ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
Brandon T. Nokes ◽  
Ayan Sen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Electrical Injuries

Burn injuries may cause morbidity and death, and patients may have widely variable presentations and outcomes. This chapter focuses on the critical care aspects of burn injury and management issues of burn and electrical injuries. Burns are classified according to the amount of total body surface area (TBSA) affected, the depth of burn, and the type of exposure associated with the burn. More specifically, burns can be chemical, electrical, or thermal. Burn severity is determined by the depth of involvement.

Balloon Catheter Dilatation for Treatment of a Patient With Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction After Thermal Burn Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-713
Author(s):  
So Young Joo ◽  
Seung Yeol Lee ◽  
Yoon Soo Cho ◽  
Cheong Hoon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Deglutition Disorder ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Swallow Study ◽  
Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction ◽  
Catheter Dilatation

AbstractDeglutition disorder is a clinical symptom that has been associated with inhalation and cutaneous thermal burn injuries. Deglutition disorder is present in approximately 11% of patients with burn injury and is known to persist for weeks to months postinjury. Here, we report a case of deglutition disorder associated with cricopharyngeal dysfunction in a patient with thermal burn injury. Two patients presented with deglutition disorder lasting for several weeks after thermal injury. Clinically, it manifested as combined liquid and solid food dysphagia. The findings of videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) were poor relaxation of the pharyngoesophageal sphincter (PES), decreased elevation of the laryngohyoid, and inadequate pharyngeal contraction. The PES was dilated with a 20-mm expansion balloon catheter multiple times. The symptoms of deglutition disorder were relieved immediately after the procedure. Balloon catheter dilatation was performed four times at 1- to 2-week intervals. Follow-up VFSS showed that poor relaxation of the PES was improved. The VFSS showed no recurrence at the 3-month follow-up. We found that balloon catheter dilatation for treatment of a patient with cricopharyngeal dysfunction after thermal burn injury was effective, ease of use, and safe.

Developing a Simple Burn Model in Rats of Different Ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-647
Author(s):  
Bo Zheng ◽  
Chuanan Shen ◽  
Jiachen Sun ◽  
Wenjing Guo ◽  
Yiduo Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Second Degree

Abstract This article describes a simple and safe model of partial and full thickness burn injury in rats of different ages, which will be essential in our future burn research to explore the age-related mechanism of wound repair and new therapies for burn injuries. A self-made metal column, which was heated in a boiling water bath, was applied for different time periods to the lower back of rats of different ages in burn creation. Wounds were observed visibly at different time points postburn. Biopsies were obtained and examined at 72-hour postburn to determine the depth of burns. The contact durations producing the desired depth of injury in the rat model under constant temperature and pressure were: 3 seconds (deep second degree) and 5 seconds (third degree) in 1-month-old rats; 3 seconds (superficial second degree), 5 seconds (deep second degree), and 7–9 seconds (third degree) in 2-month-old rats; 3–5 seconds (superficial second degree), 7–9 seconds (deep second degree), and 11–13 seconds (third degree) in 12- and 18-month-old rats. This reliable and reproducible experimental model produces consistent burn injuries in rats of different ages by regulating the contact durations, which will help us to understand the underlying pathophysiology of burn injuries and develop novel therapeutic modalities for burn patients of different ages.

scholarly journals Amputation Following Burn Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-436
Author(s):  
Colleen N Bartley ◽  
Kenisha Atwell ◽  
Laura Purcell ◽  
Bruce Cairns ◽  
Anthony Charles
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Burn Center

AbstractAmputation following burn injury is rare. Previous studies describe the risk of amputation after electrical burn injuries. Therefore, we describe the distribution of amputations and evaluate risk factors for amputation following burn injury at a large regional burn center. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients ≥17 years admitted from January 2002 to December 2015. Patients who did and did not undergo an amputation procedure were compared. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the risk factors for amputation. Amputations were further categorized by extremity location and type (major, minor) for comparison. Of the 8313 patients included for analysis, 1.4% had at least one amputation (n = 119). Amputees were older (46.7 ± 17.4 years) than nonamputees (42.6 ± 16.8 years; P = .009). The majority of amputees were white (47.9%) followed by black (39.5%) when compared with nonamputees (white: 57.1%, black: 27.3%; P = .012). The most common burn etiology for amputees was flame (41.2%) followed by electrical (23.5%) and other (21.9%). Black race (odds ratio [OR]: 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–4.30; P = .010), electric (OR: 13.54; 95% CI: 6.23–29.45; P < .001) and increased %TBSA (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.05; P < .001) were associated with amputation. Burn etiology, the presence of preexisting comorbidities, black race, and increased %TBSA increase the odds of post burn injury. The role of race on the risk of amputation requires further study.

scholarly journals Uric acid as a monitor of oxidative stress in a random skin flap in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sueli Teresinha Freire ◽  
Lydia Masako Ferreira ◽  
Heitor Carvalho Gomes ◽  
Sandro Percario
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Skin Samples

PURPOSE: To verify the possible role of uric acid as a monitor of oxidative stress in a random skin flap, in the rat. METHODS: This study utilized 21 adult male Wistar-EPM rats divided, at random, in three groups of seven animals, to evaluate the behavior of uric acid levels during oxidative stress zero, 5 and 15 minutes after elevation of the flap. According to the time schedule, skin samples were collected in order to allow determination of uric acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. RESULTS: Uric acid levels in the skin samples did not change with time, but the values in normal skin were higher since the beginning. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the skin samples remained stable throughout. CONCLUSION: Uric acid levels in the flap skin were lower than those in the normal skin, denoting local oxidative stress.

Can miRNAs Serve as Potential Markers in Thermal Burn Injury: An In Silico Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K Shukla ◽  
Ajay K Sharma ◽  
Rhythm Bharti ◽  
Vidit Kulshrestha ◽  
Aman Kalonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Mirna Expression Data ◽  
Protein Data Bank Database

Abstract Burn injury has been a major cause of morbidity at global levels. They can occur by multiple agents, such as thermal radiation and chemicals. Among all, thermal burn is predominant and may require specialized treatment in some patients. Although various biomarkers are reportedly used in thermal burn for understanding the pathophysiology of the injury, their limitations prompt for the search of suitable markers that can address the depth and severity of the burn. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved noncoding molecules that seem to be the promising marker due to their role in multiple pathways and participation in different physiological processes of the body. The present review highlights the role of miRNAs in the repair of the wound and their interaction with specific genes in response to burn stress. Key miR candidates include miR-21, miR-29a, miR-378a-5p, miR-100, miR-27b, miR-200c, miR-150, miR-499-5p, miR-92a, miR-194, and miR-146b, which are identified for their respective targets involved in wound repair. Furthermore, bioinformatics and computational tools were used to confirm the miRNAs and their specific targets. Gene and miRNA expression data sets were downloaded from Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank Database and RNAComposer, respectively, and docked by PatchDock. The possible implications of the identified miRNAs could be in understanding the mechanism of burn injury. These can also be studied with the available drugs being used for burn injury. Apart from that, new intended molecules may also be tested for their effect on these miRNAs.

scholarly journals The Medical Social Worker: A Neglected Ally in the Management of Patients with Burn Injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolawole Olubunmi Ogundipe ◽  
Innih Kadiri ◽  
Amarachukwu Chiduziem Etonyeaku ◽  
Tolulope Aduloju
Keyword(s):  
Social Worker ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Medical Social Worker

Burn injuries come with enormous challenges and devastation to the victims. The consequences get worse when multiple members of a family are involved. Social supports are necessary, especially where health financing is mainly through out-of-pocket expenditure. The use of Medical Social Workers (MSW) in burn care in our region is limited, and their roles are poorly or inadequately reported. This study appraises the role of MSW in the multidisciplinary management of burn patients. We report the management of an impoverished family of five who sustained varying degrees of burn injuries, and the role MSW played in their care. Beyond being a routine discharge planner, the MSW provided social support, psychotherapy and rallied community support, which translated to an improved outcome for the patients. Involving MSW in burn care provides great benefit to patients. Burn surgeons are therefore encouraged to use the added value of MSW on their teams. Keywords: Burn, Injury, Medical social worker, Healthcare financing

scholarly journals Structural transformations of thermal burn wounds in rats under the influence of Semax and Selank neuropeptides

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
A. K. Azhikova ◽  
B. V. Feldman ◽  
A. A. Andreeva ◽  
D. D. Teply ◽  
M. A. Samotrueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Dorsal Area

The morphological features of the skin of rats under the stress exposure, such as burn injury and against the background of the correction by the drugs of the peptide structure, have been studied.The aim of the study was to investigate the regulatory effect of the neuropeptide drugs Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) and Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) under the conditions of thermal burn exposure.Materials and methods. The object of the study was integumentary tissues (skin, subcutaneous tissue) of laboratory non-linear male rats (n = 36) excised from the thermal injury zone. A thermal burn of the skin had been caused by the application of a copper object in the interscapular in the interscapular dorsal area. Starting from the first day after the injury, neuropeptide drugs Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-ProGly-Pro) and Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) had been administered intraperitoneally at the doses of 100 μg/kg daily during the entire period of the experiment. To assess the condition of the skin tissues, histological sections 5–6 μm thick were prepareв, stained afterwards with hematoxylin and eosin. The consistency of the systemic effect of the neuropeptide drugs was estimated by a change in some indicators of the immune system.Results. The thermal exposure led to the development of significant degenerative and dystrophic changes in the skin. The recovery of the burn wounds on rats’ skins proceeded according to the type of the delayed partial reparative regeneration, accompanied by destructive phenomena and the formation of the scar tissue.Under the influence of the drugs based on the regulatory peptides of Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) and Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-ProGly-Pro), the recovery of burn wounds in rats proceeded more intensively, compared with the animals from the group without any correction. This fact was confirmed by the earlier signs of the beginning of the reparative skin regeneration: the restriction of destructive processes within the epidermis and dermis, the absence of purulent-necrotic complications, the initial phases of granulation and epithelization, an early scab rejection and a partial closure of the defect.Conclusion. The use of the neuropeptide drugs Semax and Selank as systemic remedies for the correction of wound skin defects in experimental animals proves their polypotent effectiveness, expands the therapeutic possibilities and opens up new prospects for their use. 

Effects of Topical Application of Royal Jelly on Second-Degree Burn Wound Healing in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Mahdian ◽  
Fereshteh Amiri ◽  
Zohreh Mohammadi ◽  
Parviz Farzadinia ◽  
Fahimeh Safizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Burn Wound Healing ◽  
Second Degree

Background and Aims: Burn injury remain as a major medical problem throughout the world. This injury is accompanied with inflammatory and wound healing responses. Since royal jelly (RJ) has anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the repairing effects of RJ on skin burn- damage. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were engaged. The animals were divided into five equal groups. Group 1 was considered healthy control. Group 2 (positive control) was treated topically with Silver Sulfadiazine Cream, group 3 received Eucerin as negative control, and group 4, 5 treated with RJ (10 and 30%). Sampling was performed after observing the second-degree burns on the first, seventh and fourteenth days. Then after 28 days, rats were sacrificed and their skin tissues were used for morphological and morphometric assessments. Results: The results of this study showed that the amount and arrangement of collagen type 1 protein was higher in the RJ treatment groups versus control group. Reconstruction and thickening of the epithelium in RJ treated groups confirmed therapeutic effects of RJ. In addition, RJ increased angiogenesis compared to the control group. The woundchr('39')s surface area was reduced in the RJ treatment groups compared to the control group. In addition, fibroblast cell proliferation was increased in the groups receiving RJ versus control. Conclusions: It could be concluded that, RJ induce wound healing effects and might be considered as potential treatment option to improve the burn wound healing.

scholarly journals Neutrophil chemokines and their role in IL-18-mediated increase in neutrophil O2− production and intestinal edema following alcohol intoxication and burn injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. G340-G347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail Akhtar ◽  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
Irshad H. Chaudry ◽  
Mashkoor A. Choudhry
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Accumulation ◽  
Total Body

We examined the role of interleukin (IL)-18 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemokines (CINC)-1 and CINC-3 in the neutrophil release of superoxide anion (O2−) and elastase following alcohol/ethanol (EtOH) and burn injury. Male rats (∼250 g) were gavaged with EtOH to achieve a blood EtOH level of ∼100 mg/dl before ∼12.5% total body surface area burn or sham injury. Immediately after injury, rats were administered with anti-rat IL-18 antibody (80 μg/kg) or isotype control. After 20 min, anti-IL-18 antibody-treated rats were given either recombinant (r) rat CINC-1 or CINC-3. On day 1 after injury, the combined insult of EtOH and burn injury caused a significant increase in neutrophil elastase and O2− production as well as an increase in neutrophil accumulation, myeloperoxidase activity, and edema in the intestine. Treatment of rats with anti-IL-18 antibody normalized the above parameters. However, administration of rCINC-1 in anti-IL-18 antibody-treated rats increased the above parameters to levels similar to those observed following EtOH and burn injury. In contrast, administration of rCINC-3 did not influence the above parameters except neutrophil elastase. These findings indicate that IL-18 and CINC-1 may independently modulate neutrophil tissue-damaging actions following EtOH and burn injury. However, the finding that the treatment of rats with anti-IL-18 antibodies inhibits CINC-1 and CINC-3 supports the notion that IL-18 plays a critical role in increased neutrophil tissue-damaging action following a combined insult of EtOH intoxication and burn injury.

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