scholarly journals Antiinflammatory Potential and Fatty Acid Content of Lipophilic Leaf Extracts of Four Staphylea L. Species

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400
Author(s):  
Lubica Lacikova ◽  
Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig ◽  
Irena Masterova ◽  
Daniel Grancai ◽  
Rudolf Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 1

Staphylea preparations are used in TCM and have been used by native Americans for a number of indications, such as rheumatism. Based on this knowledge, the anti-inflammatory activity of light petroleum extracts of leaves of Staphylea colchica Stev., S. elegans Zab., S. holocarpa Hemsl. and S. pinnata L. has been determined using in vitro assays for inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) formation by lipoxygenase (5-LOX). All extracts inhibited COX-1 and COX-2, with S. holocarpa and S. elegans performing best. Inhibition of LTB4 formation was less pronounced. As unsaturated fatty acids are known to inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism in vitro, the fatty acid content was determined of the active extracts and set in correlation with their activity. Unsaturated fatty acids were found to contribute to the observed COX-2 and LTB4 formation inhibitory activity to a different extent.

Modifying egg fatty acid content by supplementation of laying hen diets with palm olein oil (POO)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
S J Hosseini Vashan ◽  
N Afzali ◽  
A Golian ◽  
M Malekaneh ◽  
A Allahressani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Olein Oil

Palm oil is the most abundant of all oils produced globally. It is very high in saturated fatty acids specifically palmitic acid, but other fatty acids (monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated) are presented at low concentrations. In the processing plant some high amount of oleic acid with some other unsaturated fatty acids are extracted and marketed as Palm olein oil, and used to reduce blood or egg cholesterol (Rievelles et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to determine the optimum level of dietary palm olein oil required to enrich the mono-unsaturated fatty acid content of yolk, egg cholesterol and antibody titre.

scholarly journals Comparison of fatty acid content in Camellia oleifera (L.) Kuntze oil and olive oil by GC

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-157
Author(s):  
Chen Guo-Chen ◽  
Ye Hang ◽  
Wang Dong-Xue ◽  
Zhang Nai-Yan ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Camellia Oleifera

The comparison of fatty acid content in Camellia oleifera (L.) Kuntze oil and olive oil was done by GC. C. oleifera oil contained more C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, C20:1 and C22:1n9 than olive oil. Olive oil did not contain C21:0 and C24:1 but more C8:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C20:2, C22:0, C23:0 and C24:0 than C. oleifera oil, C. oleifera oil did not contain C20:2. C. oleifera oil and olive oil are beneficial for human health for their unsaturated fatty acids content and C. oleifera oil is healthy than olive oil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22741 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 155-157, 2015 (March)

scholarly journals The biochemical content and antioxidant capacities of endemic Tanacetum densum (Lab.) Schultz Bip. subsp. laxum, and Tanacetum densum (Lab.) Schultz Bip. subsp. amani Heywood growing in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1106-1114
Author(s):  
İ. Emre
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid Content

Abstract Medicinal plants have a significant role in preventing and curing several diseases, and Tanacetum L. is one of these plants. The aim of the present study is to determine the fatty acid, lipid-soluble vitamin, sterol, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of Tanacetum densum subsp. laxum and Tanacetum densum subsp. amani, to compare the effect of altitude on the biochemical content and to compare systematically by using fatty acids and phenolics. This study showed that palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) are major sources of saturated fatty acid and oleic acid (C18:1 n9), and linoleic acid (18:2 n6c) and a-linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) are the principal unsaturated fatty acids in the two endemic Tanacetum densum taxa. Also, this study found that the unsaturated fatty acid content (60.11±1.61%) of Tanacetum densum subsp. laxum was higher than the unsaturated fatty acid content (44.13±1.28%) of Tanacetum densum subsp. amani. And also, the ω6/ω3 ratio of Tanacetum densum subsp. laxum (1.74) and Tanacetum densum subsp. amani (1.60) was found to be similar. However, this study determined that the lipid soluble vitamin and sterol content of two endemic Tanacetum taxa are low except for stigmasterol. Present study showed that catechin is principal phenolic in the Tanacetum densum taxa. This study also found that Tanacetum densum subsp. laxum and Tanacetum densum subsp. amani had the highest levels of catechin, vanillic acid, and caffeic acid content though the phenolic amounts, particularly catechin and quercetin, were dissimilar in the T. densum taxa. This study suggested that ecological conditions such as altitude may affect the biochemical content of two endemic Tanacetum densum taxa. Furthermore, the current study determined that two endemic Tanacetum L. taxa had potent radical scavenging capacities and found a correlation between total phenolics and antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals The effects of unsaturated fatty acid depletion on the proton permeability and energetic functions of yeast mitochondria

1977 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Haslam ◽  
Norman F. Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Proton Permeability

1. The fatty acid composition of the ole-1 and ole-1 petite mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was manipulated by growing the organism in the presence of defined supplements of Tween 80 or by allowing cells that had first been grown in the presence of Tween 80 to deplete their unsaturated fatty acids by sequent growth in the absence of Tween 80. 2. The transition temperature of Arrhenius plots of mitochondrial ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) increases as the unsaturated fatty acid content is lowered. 3. Cells require larger amounts of unsaturated fatty acids to grow on ethanol at lower temperatures. 4. Cells that stop growing owing to unsaturated fatty acid depletion at low temperatures are induced to grow further by raising the temperature and this results in a further depletion of unsaturated acids. This is due to a higher rate, but not a greater efficiency, of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. 5. Arrhenius plots of the passive permeability of mitochondria to protons between 4 and 37°C are linear. The rate and the Arrhenius activation energy of proton entry increase greatly as the unsaturated fatty acid content is lowered. 6. Unsaturated fatty acid depletion has the same effects on the proton permeability of ole-1 petite mitochondria, indicating that the mitochondrially synthesized subunits of the ATPase are not involved in the enhanced rates of proton entry. 7. The adenylate energy charge of depleted ole-1 cells is greatly decreased by growth on ethanol medium. 8. The adenylate energy charge of isolated mitochondria is also lowered by unsaturated fatty acid depletion. 9. The results confirm that unsaturated fatty acid depletion uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in yeast both in vivo and in vitro, and is a consequence of changes in the lipid part of the membrane.

Composition of milk cephalins

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Moore ◽  
J. B. M. Rattray ◽  
D. M. Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Variable Component ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Palmitic Acids

Lipid was extracted from lyophilized samples of cow, goat, sheep, horse, and human milk. The cephalins were isolated by thin-layer chromatography and ascertained to be the major, but variable component of all milk phospholipids examined except in the case of the horse. The predominant cephalin type was found to be phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), while phosphatidyl serine (PS) was determined to be either absent or to account for approximately 20% of the total cephalins. Lysocephalins were generally absent. The fatty acid composition of PE and PS was characterized by high levels of oleic and palmitic acids and by the virtual lack of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Individual differences in fatty acid content were slight among members of the same species, but human milk PE showed considerable variations in composition. PE was determined to be more highly unsaturated than PS with the unsaturated fatty acids occurring primarily at the β-position of the PE molecule. The results obtained on the chemical structure of milk cephalins have been discussed in relationship to the suggested activity of these compounds on the blood coagulation process in vitro.

scholarly journals Seed nutrients and bioactive compounds of underutilised oil crop Carthamus tinctorius L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Biljana Kiprovski ◽  
Simona Jaćimović ◽  
Nada Grahovac ◽  
Tijana Zeremski ◽  
Ana Marjanović-Jeromela
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Safflower Seed ◽  
Oil Crop

Seeds of seven different genotypes of underutilised oil crop Carthamus tinctorius L. (Asteraceae) from alternative oil species collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (Novi Sad, Serbia), were analysed for their protein, oil, fatty acids, tocopherols and total phenolics contents, with a view to test their diversity and potential as an alternative source of these valuable compounds. Seeds of the tested safflower genotypes had total protein (determined by Kjeldahl method) content from 11.5 to 16.0%, while total oil content (determined by Soxhlet method) ranged from 16.8 to 24.5% of dry matter, on average. Two main unsaturated fatty acids in safflower seeds, oleic and linoleic acids, represent approximately 90% of the total fatty acid content (determined by gas chromatography). Linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid in all genotypes (61.2-80.2% of oil), while oleic acid was in a negative correlation with linolenic acid content and ranged from 9.6 to 29.5% of oil. The amount of saturated fatty acids ranged from 5.5 to 6.05% for palmitic, and 2.1 to 3.5% for stearic acid. Safflower seed is a source of a-tocopherol (determined by high performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection) and its amount ranged from 358.8 to 461.8 mg/L of oil. The content of total phenolics (determined spectrophotometrically) ranged from 4.0 to 6.0 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of dry weight. This comprehensive screening of valuable chemical compounds of safflower seeds shows the importance of this alternative oil seed crop as a good source of important nutrients and bioactive constituents.

scholarly journals Effect of fatty acid content on the level of cottonseed colonization by fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Aly ◽  
Ezzat Hussein ◽  
Moawad Omar ◽  
Ibrahim El-Abbasi ◽  
Kamel Abd-Elsalam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

Effect of fatty acid content on the level of cottonseed colonization by fungiNon-sterilized seeds of 12 Egyptain cotton (Gossypium barbadenseL.) genotypes were examined for qualitative and quantitative estimates of seed-borne fungi.Rhizopus stolonifer(39.7%),Aspergillus niger(33.5%), andPenicilliumsp. (23.3%) were the most predominant fungi isolated from the seeds. Other fungi occurred at frequencies that ranged from 0.3 to 17.7%. Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of fatty acid composition of the seeds revealed the presence of the following fatty acids: caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. The total mean percentage of the monounsaturated fatty acids was 59.11%, while that of the unsaturated fatty acids was 16.72%. Isolation frequencies ofAlternaria alternata, A. flavus, A. nigerwere not significantly correlated with the content of any fatty acid. Isolation frequencies of the other fungi were significantly correlated with the content of 1-2 fatty acids.Cladosporiumsp. was a notable exception because its isolation frequency was significantly correlated with the content of caproic (r= 0.926,p< 0.01), caprylic (r= 0.638,p< 0.05), palmitic (r= -0.586,p< 0.05), and linoleic acid (r= 0.917,p< 0.01). It was possible to group the isolated fungi into 5 distinct categories based on their sensitivity to the fatty acids (the magnitude ofR2 values). The results of the present investigation suggest that certain fatty acids regulate the colonization of cottonseed by fungi, and that the control of these fungi may be possible by modifying the fatty acid content of the seed.

scholarly journals Influence of Ice Encasement and Ethylene Regulation on Cellular-protection Responses in Annual Bluegrass

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kevin Laskowski ◽  
Emily Merewitz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Ice Encasement

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua var. reptans), when grown as a putting green species, is sensitive to winter injury such as ice cover. Inhibiting plant ethylene production could be a way to improve annual bluegrass tolerance of ice encasement. The goals of this study were to determine how winter conditions and ethylene regulatory treatments affect the antioxidant system, fatty acid composition, and apoplastic proteins of annual bluegrass plant tissues. Ethylene-promotive (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid or ethephon) and ethylene inhibition treatments [aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)] were applied to plants in the field during acclimation. Plant plugs were taken and subjected to low temperature (−4 °C) and ice-encasement treatments in growth chamber conditions. Antioxidant activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured along with malondialdehyde content (MDA) and apoplastic protein content in leaf and crown tissue. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents were measured in leaf, crown, and root tissue. Higher unsaturated fatty acids are often associated with greater low-temperature tolerance. Compared with the untreated controls, ethephon-treated annual bluegrass had greater MDA contents, lower POD and SOD activity, and greater saturated and decreased unsaturated fatty acids. Ethylene inhibition treatments caused annual bluegrass to have less saturated fatty acid content and greater unsaturated fatty acid content, a greater content of apoplast proteins, and higher CAT activity when compared with the untreated controls. The activity of APX was greater in AVG-treated annual bluegrass than in controls. Ethylene may reduce physiological health overwinter, and inhibitory treatments may promote winter tolerance by promoting antioxidant activity, apoplast proteins, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids in plant tissues.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL DRINK TECHNOLOGY WITH CHIA SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Wang Haiyan ◽  
Melnyk Oksana ◽  
Li Bo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Functional Drink

This article mainly introduces the necessity of the emergence of functional foods and the current market development. Using chia seeds as the characteristic raw material, adding apple juice and hawthorn juice, it is developed to be suitable for subhealthy people, obese people, diabetes and cardiovascular patients.Functional beverages refer to beverages that regulate human body functions to a certain extent by adjusting the composition and content ratio of nutrients in the beverage. In recent research hotspots, chia seeds are often developed and applied by nutritionists or other nutrition enthusiasts because of their rich nutritional value. Chia seeds are rich in a variety of unsaturated fatty acids, accounting for about 80% of the total fatty acid content, of which omega-3 and omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids are the most content, 68% is α-linolenic acid, which is the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid content of the food. Each 100g of chia seeds contains about 16-25g of protein and about 26-40g of dietary fiber, including all 8 amino acids needed by the human body. In addition, it is also rich in vitamins and minerals, as well as a variety of natural antioxidant ingredients, with high-quality antioxidant functions. This makes the ability of chia seeds to maintain blood sugar stability, protect the heart, cerebrovascular, and promote gastrointestinal motility and bone health cannot be underestimated.Hawthorn contains a large amount of vitamin C, carotene, organic acids and other nutrients, combined with cellulose, pectin and organic acids in apples, can further assist chia seeds to improve gastrointestinal conditions and promote gastrointestinal motility, while soluble fiber Vegetarian can regulate blood sugar.This article chooses apple and hawthorn as flavor bases, oligosaccharides (FOS) as sweeteners, resistant starch and guar gum as composite stabilizers, to produce a chia seed functional drink to reduce weight and improve heart and brain Vascular health problems. In the extremely poor analysis of the orthogonal test results of the chia seed functional drink, the best sample formula.

scholarly journals Changes in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Flour Fatty-Acid Content Based on Storage Temperature and Duration

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayakrishnan Prabakaran ◽  
Kyoung-Jin Lee ◽  
Yeonju An ◽  
Chang Kwon ◽  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Flour

Soybeans are low in saturated fat and a rich source of protein, dietary fiber, and isoflavone; however, their nutritional shelf life is yet to be established. This study evaluated the change in the stability and quality of fatty acids in raw and roasted soybean flour under different storage temperatures and durations. In both types of soybean flour, the fatty-acid content was the highest in the order of linoleic acid (18-carbon chain with two double bonds; C18:2), oleic acid (C18:1), palmitic acid (C16:0), linolenic acid (18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which represented 47%, 26%, 12%, 9%, and 4% of the total fatty-acid content, respectively. The major unsaturated fatty acids of raw soybean flour—oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid—decreased by 30.0%, 94.4%, and 97.7%, and 38.0%, 94.8%, and 98.0% when stored in polyethylene and polypropylene film, respectively, after 48 weeks of storage under high-temperature conditions. These values were later increased due to hydrolysis. This study presents the changes in composition and content of two soybean flour types and the changes in quality and stability of fatty acids in response to storage temperature and duration. This study shows the influence of storage conditions and temperature on the nutritional quality which is least affected by packing material.

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