scholarly journals Quantitative and Physical Evaluation of Patchouli Essential Oils Obtained from Different Sources of Pogostemon cablin

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Hussin ◽  
Luigi Mondello ◽  
Rosaria Costa ◽  
Paola Dugo ◽  
Nik Idris Nik Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Volatile Constituent ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Valuable Product ◽  
Linear Retention Indices ◽  
One Year

Patchouli essential oil can be obtained from fresh, dried and fermented plant material. It is a highly valuable product in the fragrance industry and its quality changes depending upon raw material age and oil storage. In this work, patchouli essential oils derived from different treatments have been subjected to GC-FID quantitative analysis using an internal standard (ISTD) method with response factors (RF). Samples were obtained from i) fresh plants; ii) hydrodistillation of one year mature and fermented plants; iii) hydrodistillation of one year mature plants; iv) commercial products from Indonesia and Malaysia. Linear Retention Indices (LRI) for both polar and non-polar GC-MS analyses were also measured as a tool for qualitative analysis towards a homologous series of C7-C30 n-alkanes. The results obtained confirmed that, in all samples, patchouli alcohol was the main volatile constituent, with higher amount in lab-scale produced oils, compared with commercial samples. Other major compounds, in lab oils and commercial samples respectively, were: δ-guaiene, α-guaiene, pogostol, seychellene and α-patchoulene. Another 36 compounds were also found.

scholarly journals STUDY OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TAMARIX RAMOSISSIMA ESSENTIAL OIL

2017 ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Анатолий (Anatolij) Валериевич (Valerievich) Великородов (Velikorodov) ◽  
Владимир (Vladimir) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) Пилипенко (Pilipenko) ◽  
Татьяна (Tat'jana) Алексеевна (Alekseevna) Пилипенко (Pilipenko) ◽  
Алексей (Aleksej) Георгиевич (Georgievich) Тырков (Tyrkov)
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tamarix Ramosissima ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Linear Retention Indices ◽  
Main Components

Samples of essential oil from Tamarix ramosissima plant growing in the Astrakhan region were obtained by steam distillation and the dependence of its yield on the vegetative period of the plant was studied. The duration of the process of steam distillation was established experimentally on the basis of a study of the dynamics of the change in the yield of essential oil in time. The yield of essential oil was determined in % by weight of absolutely dry raw material. The largest yield of essential oil was obtained from plants in the flowering phase (0,23–0,3%). By method of gas-liquid chromatography carried out a quantitative analysis of the main components of essential oil Tamarix ramosissima. The quantitative content of essential oil components was calculated from the areas of gas chromatography peaks without the use of correction factors. Qualitative analysis was carried out by comparing the linear retention indices. It was found that the composition of the essential oil of Tamarix is very specific. It includes hydrocarbons (9,51%), alcohols (3,46%), aldehydes (2,55%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (5,4%), oxygenated terpenes (23,06%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (1,48%), oxygenated diterpenoids (3,37%), and a significant amount of fatty acids and their esters (45,43%). The main components of the essential oil are tetrahydrogeranilacetone (21,35%), nonane (12,63%), decanoic (9,82%) acids and dihydroactin diolide (5,40%).

scholarly journals Determination of Essential Oil Bioactive Components and Rosmarinic Acid of Salvia officinalis Cultivated under Different Intra-row Spacing

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad ABU DARWISH ◽  
Ezz Al-Dein AL-RAMAMNEH ◽  
Ivan SALAMON ◽  
Ziad ABU-DIEYEH ◽  
Mohamed AL NAWAISEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
First Time

Salvia officinalis, known also as sage, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family that spreads all over the word in several countries. The demand for the raw material and extracts of this plant is increasing due to its numerous applications in pharmacy, food and herbal tea production. The present study investigated for the first time the effect of 15, 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing (plant density) on the main constituents of sage essential oils and rosmarinic acid content. The highest content of essential oils (2.7%) and rosmarinic acid (2.0%) were obtained in plants grown using 15 cm planting space. Likewise, close spacing resulted also in a substantial content of 1,8-cineole (47-50%, GC/FID; 55-60%, GC/MS). This work indicated that 1,8-cineole chemotype was a dominant character of cultivated S. officinalis in south of Jordan. In general, the percent of α-thujone in essential oil was not affected by intra-row spacing. However, the percent of β-thujone decreased from (2-3%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 15 cm intra-row spacing to (1-2%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing. The highest content of α-and β-pinene was recorded in plants grown using 45 cm planting space (8-10%, GC/FID; 5-6% GC/MS). Based on GC/MS, camphor compound was enriched (9-10%) in sage plants grown under 15 cm spacing and greater than in plants grown under 30 (6-7%) or 45 cm (5-6%) spacing. The results make the potential use of sage extracts in the treatment of some human disorders or illness an area of further research.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Key Odorants Contributing to the Aroma of Children Soy Sauce by Molecular Sensory Science Approaches

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Jia Huang ◽  
Haitao Chen ◽  
Zhiming Zhang ◽  
Yuping Liu ◽  
Binshan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Key Odorants

To investigate the key odor-active compounds in children’s soy sauce (CSS), volatile components were extracted by means of solvent extraction coupled with solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SE-SAFE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Using gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we identified a total of 55 odor-active compounds in six CSSs by comparing the odor characteristics, MS data, and retention indices with those of authentic compounds. Applying aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), we measured flavor dilution (FD) factors in SE-SAFE isolates, ranging from 1 to 4096, and in SPME isolates, ranging from 1 to 800. Twenty-eight odorants with higher FD factors and GC-MS responses were quantitated using the internal standard curve method. According to their quantitated results and thresholds in water, their odor activity values (OAVs) were calculated. On the basis of the OAV results, 27 odorants with OAVs ≥ 1 were determined as key odorants in six CSSs. These had previously been reported as key odorants in general soy sauce (GSS), so it was concluded that the key odorants in CSS are the same as those in GSS.

scholarly journals An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP<sub>25</sub> in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Belt ◽  
T. A. Brown ◽  
L. Ampel ◽  
P. Cabedo-Sanz ◽  
K. Fahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Instrumental Response ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Arctic Sea

Abstract. We describe the results of an inter-laboratory investigation into the identification and quantification of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP25 in marine sediments. Seven laboratories took part in the study, which consisted of the analysis of IP25 in a series of sediment samples from different regions of the Arctic, sub-Arctic and Antarctic, additional sediment extracts and purified standards. The results obtained allowed 4 key outcomes to be determined. First, IP25 was identified by all laboratories in sediments from the Canadian Arctic with inter-laboratory variation in IP25 concentration being substantially larger than within individual laboratories. This greater variation between laboratories was attributed to the difficulty in accurately determining instrumental response factors for IP25, even though laboratories were supplied with appropriate standards. Second, the identification of IP25 by 3 laboratories in sediment from SW Iceland that was believed to represent a blank, was interpreted as representing a better limit of detection or quantification for such laboratories, contamination or mis-identification. These alternatives could not be distinguished conclusively with the data available, although it is noted that the precision of these data was significantly poorer compared with the other IP25 concentration measurements. Third, 3 laboratories reported the occurrence of IP25 in a sediment sample from the Antarctic Peninsula even though this biomarker is believed to be absent from the Southern Ocean. This anomaly is attributed to a combined chromatographic and mass spectrometric interference that results from the presence of a di-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) pseudo-homologue of IP25 that occurs in Antarctic sediments. Finally, data are presented that suggest that extraction of IP25 is consistent between Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and sonication methods and that IP25 concentrations based on 7-hexylnonadecane as an internal standard are comparable using these methods. Recoveries of some more unsaturated HBIs and the internal standard 9-octylheptadecene, however, were lower with the ASE procedure, possibly due to partial degradation of these more reactive chemicals as a result of higher temperatures employed with this method. For future measurements, we recommend the use of reference sediment material with known concentration(s) of IP25 for determining and routinely monitoring instrumental response factors. Given the significance placed on the presence (or otherwise) of IP25 in marine sediments, some further recommendations pertaining to quality control are made that should also enable the two main anomalies identified here to be addressed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Eucalyptus Clones in Eastern Gangetic Plains of Uttar Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anubha Srivastav ◽  
Anita Tomar ◽  
S. D. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
One Year ◽  
Agro Forestry

Eucalyptus is among the most widely cultivated forest trees in the world over 22 million hectares (ha). It provides major raw material for the pulp, plywood and paper industries in India, so it is imperative that planting stock of high genetic quality be used to increase the yield from plantations. In India, Eucalypts are in improving stage for adoption at larger level and choice of suitable clones is still a big challenge in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. To assess the suitable clones of Eucalyptus for this region, an experimental trial was established under statistical design of Randomised Block Design for 13 clones (IFGTB 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, FRI-100,104,124) of 02 eucalyptus species (E. tereticornis and E. camaldulensis). The soil analysis indicated pH 9.3, EC 0.89 mm/cm, organic carbon 0.21%, Nitrogen 47.3 kg/ha, Phosphorus 11.3 kg/ha and Potassium 184.8 kg/ha. The highest value of annual increment in gbh belonged to clones IFGTB 6 (5.18 cm) followed by IFGTB 8 (5.12 cm), IFGTB 2 (4.74 cm), IFGTB 5(4.36 cm) and IFGTB 10 (4.02cm) amongst IFGTB series whereas in FRI clones, clone FRI 100 performed superior with 3.03 cm increment in girth after one year of planting. The lowest values belonged to clone IFGTB 9 and DDN 124 with 2.44 cm and 2.49, respectively. The clones with good annual increment in height were IFGTB 2 (3.85 m) followed by IFGTB 6 (3.80 m), IFGTB 10 (3.77 m) ,IFGTB 8 (3.55 m) and IFGTB 5 (3.30 m) in IFGTB series whereas in FRI series, FRI 100 (2.70 m) performed superior over other two clones. The survival of plants was in range of 66-100%. The clones of species E. camaldulensis in IFGTB series performed better over other clones/species. The evaluation of Eucalypt clones will be helpful for identification of promising clones for the specific region, thus, planting stock of desired clones may be raised for their further cultivation in field. The expansion of plantations of Eucalyptus in agro forestry will be helpful in reducing pressure of forests, increasing trees outside forests and upgrading the economic level of farmers.

scholarly journals Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Essential Oils Extracted from Pineapple Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6833-6844
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
United Nations Food

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril), one of the major fruit crops, is mainly used for raw consumption and for industrial juice production, which creates large amounts of residues. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that pineapple waste accounts for between 50 to 65 % of the total weight of the fruit. Industrial pineapple waste is a major source of pollution as important quantities of primary residues are not further processed. Pineapple waste contains bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and essential oils. These phytochemicals can be used in the food industry, medicine and pharmacy, textile, and others. This review highlights essential oil and other bioactive compounds extracted from pineapple waste and the composition of pineapple essential oil. Pineapple peels are the potential raw material for essential oil extraction through various methods. Modern spectrometric methods have shown that essential oil extracted from pineapple waste comprises esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. From this overview, it can be concluded that there is an important need for further research into pineapple waste as a potential source of valuable byproducts, as well as new techniques to studying industrial organic residuals to achieve higher recovery rates of valuable bioactive compounds used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetic and chemical industries as well as for developing new functional foods.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Fertilization Effects on the Biosynthesis of Sesquiterpenes in Essential Oils from Phoebe Bournei Twigs and Leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Gongxiu He ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Dangquan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fertilization Effects ◽  
Phoebe Bournei

Abstract Background: Phoebe bournei is a potential medicinal plant whose essential oil (EO) from leaves has potential inhibitory activities against some bacterium, tumor, and has a certain potential for hypoglycemic activity. Fertilization is a common and effective method to increase plant biomass, which can increase the raw material of essential oil, but has a certain impact on the composition and biological activity of plant essential oil. Results: The main components are sesquiterpenes in the essential oils from leaves and twigs. The yield of the essential oils and the content of their main components can be modulated by compost and compound fertilizer, to different degrees, and minor differences were registered among the categories of the components in essential oils. However, changes were strongly mirrored in some main components of essential oils. The content of the primary (+) - calarene in the leaf EO were strongly increased by compost, but the opposite happened by compound fertilizer. On the contrary, the effect of compound fertilizer was more significant on the main components of twig essential oil than compost. The transcriptome sequencing results of P. bournei showed that the total number of DEGs in twigs and leaves treated with compost were significantly more than that with compound fertilizer. No change was found in the expression of genes regulating principal components. However, the expression of several key genes regulating the upstream substrates for the synthesis of the sesquiterpenes was significantly changed: the expression of two key speed limiting enzymes genes (DXS and HMGR) and two important branch-point enzyme genes (FPPS and GGPPS) was significantly down regulated, while the expression of gene (HMGS) was significantly up-regulated.Conclusion: The expression levels of genes (DXS2, HMGR, FPPS and GGPPS) were significantly down regulated in leaves treated with compost, resulting in the changes of the yield and main components of the leaf essential oil. The effect of compost was more significant on the synthesis of the essential oil from P. bournei leaves than that of compound fertilizer.

PROSPECTS OF HONEY PRODUCTION AND ITS USE IN FOOD TECHNOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.В. СЕМЧЕНКО ◽  
Л.С. ЖУНЕВА ◽  
И.С. МИЛЕНТЬЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Technology ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Valuable Product ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Production Dynamics ◽  
Important Branch

Рассмотрены инновационные технологии продуктов на основе меда. Установлено, что мед как сырье достаточно востребован в пищевой промышленности, а разработка новых технологий с использованием этого ценного продукта требует увеличения объема его производства. Проанализированы динамика производства меда в Российской Федерации в 2007–2017 гг., объемы экспорта и импорта меда в нашей стране за период 2014–2018 гг., а также указаны основные проблемы пчеловодства как одной из важнейшей отрасли сельского хозяйства, поставляющей ценное сырье для пищевой промышленности. Innovative technologies of products on base of honey were considered. It is established that honey as a raw material is in demand in the food industry, and the development of new technologies with using this valuable product requires an increase of it production. Dynamics of honey production in the Russian Federation in 2007–2017, volumes of export and import of honey in our country for the period 2014–2018 are analyzed, and also the main problems of beekeeping as one of the most important branch of agriculture supplying valuable raw materials for the food industry are specified.

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