Glucosinolates in Two Endemic Plants of the Aurinia Genus and their Chemotaxonomic Significance

Glucosinolates (GLs) were characterized in the seed and root of Aurinia leucadea (Guss.) C. Koch and A. sinuata (L.) Griseb., and quantified according to the ISO 9167–1 official method based on the HPLC analysis of desulfo-GLs. Glucoalyssin (GAL, 1), glucobrassicanapin (GBN, 2) and glucoberteroin (GBE, 3) were the major GLs identified in A. leucadea and A. sinuata. GC/MS analysis of the volatile fractions obtained after enzyme hydrolysis showed that they mostly contain isothiocyanates (ITCs) originating from the parent GLs. On this basis and from previous reports, C-5 alkyl GLs 1, 2, and 3 can be considered as chemotaxonomic markers of the Aurinia genus.

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Identification of Epilobium Species and Willow-herbs (Onagraceae) by HPLC Analysis of Flavonoids as Chemotaxonomic Markers

Chromatographia ◽

10.1365/s10337-006-0740-y ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (S13) ◽

pp. S119-S123 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

B. Hevesi Tóth ◽

A. Balázs ◽

V. Vukics ◽

É. Szőke ◽

Á. Kéry

Keyword(s):

Hplc Analysis ◽

Chemotaxonomic Markers

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Urinary prevalence, metabolite detection rates, temporal patterns and evaluation of suitable LC-MS/MS targets to document synthetic cannabinoid intake in US military urine specimens

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2014-0612 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ariane Wohlfarth ◽

Karl B. Scheidweiler ◽

Marisol Castaneto ◽

Adarsh S. Gandhi ◽

Nathalie A. Desrosiers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽

Temporal Patterns ◽

Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽

Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽

Designer Drug ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Us Military ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Metabolite Detection ◽

Urine Specimens

AbstractIdentifying synthetic cannabinoid designer drug abuse challenges toxicologists and drug testing programs. The best analytical approach for reliably documenting intake of emerging synthetic cannabinoids is unknown. Primarily metabolites are found in urine, but optimal metabolite targets remain unknown, and definitive identification is complicated by converging metabolic pathways.We screened 20,017 US military urine specimens collected from service members worldwide for synthetic cannabinoids between July 2011 and June 2012. We confirmed 1432 presumptive positive and 1069 presumptive negative specimens by qualitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis including 29 biomarkers for JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-081, JWH-122, JWH-200, JWH-210, JWH-250, RCS-4, AM2201 and MAM2201. Specimen preparation included enzyme hydrolysis and acetonitrile precipitation prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. We evaluated individual synthetic cannabinoid metabolite detection rates, prevalence, temporal patterns and suitable targets for analytical procedures.Prevalence was 1.4% with 290 confirmed positive specimens, 92% JWH-018, 54% AM2201 and 39% JWH-122 metabolites. JWH-073, JWH-210 and JWH-250 also were identified in 37%, 4% and 8% of specimens, respectively. The United States Army Criminal Investigation Command seizure pattern for synthetic cannabinoid compounds matched our urine specimen results over the time frame of the study. Apart from one exception (AM2201), no parent compounds were observed.Hydroxyalkyl metabolites accounted for most confirmed positive tests, and in many cases, two metabolites were identified, increasing confidence in the results, and improving detection rates. These data also emphasize the need for new designer drug metabolism studies to provide relevant targets for synthetic cannabinoid identification.

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Alkaloid profiles and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of Fumaria species from Bulgaria

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2014-4179 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 71 (1-2) ◽

pp. 9-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Radka Z. Vrancheva ◽

Ivan G. Ivanov ◽

Ina Y. Aneva ◽

Ivayla N. Dincheva ◽

Ilian K. Badjakov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Inhibitory Activities ◽

Alkaloid Extracts ◽

Alkaloid Profiles

Abstract GC-MS analysis of alkaloid profiles of five Fumaria species, naturally grown in Bulgaria (F. officinalis, F. thuretii, F. kralikii, F. rostellata and F. schrammii) and analysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of alkaloid extracts were performed. Fourteen isoquinoline alkaloids were identified, with the principle ones being protopine, cryptopine, sinactine, parfumine, fumariline, fumarophycine, and fumaritine. Protopine contents, defined by HPLC analysis varied between 210.6 ± 8.8 μg/g DW (F. schrammii) and 334.5 ± 7.1 μg/g DW. (F. rostellata). While all of the investigated alkaloid extracts significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, the F. kralikii demonstrated the highest level of inhibition (IC50 0.13 ± 0.01 mg extract/mL).

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Neuroprotective Effects of Nardostachys jatamansi Against BSO Induced Anxiety via its Antioxidant Machinery and by Elevating Catecholamines and GABA levels in Mice

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083806999201202153612 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 ◽

Author(s):

Sakina Razack ◽

Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu ◽

Narayanappa Amruta ◽

Farhath Khanum

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Western Blot ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Esi Ms ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Rp Hplc ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Nardostachys Jatamansi

Aims: In the present study we aimed to investigate Neuroprotective Effects of Nardostachys jatamansi Against BSO Induced Anxiety in Mice. Background: Oxidative stress is implicated in nervous system impairment and development of anxiety-like disorders. There is an immediate surge for identification of herbal supplements to treat oxidative stress mediated anxiety and neurodegeneration. Objective: In present study, we analyzed the metabolites present in 70 % ethanolic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi (NJE) by LC-ESI-MS/MS and RP-HPLC. Oxidative stress was induced using BSO (300 mg/kg) for 7 days after pretreatment with Nardostachys jatamansi extract (250 mg/kg) followed by assessing anxiety levels in mice using behavioural indices and biochemical parameters as well as western blot of two important biomarkers linking oxidative stress with anxiety viz glyoxalase 1 and glutathione reductase. Method: LC–ESI-MS/MS analysis aided in identification of the major metabolites present in NJE. RP-HPLC analysis for neurotransmitter content, behavioural tests for anxiety analysis, oxidative stress markers by biochemical analysis, and western blot analysis for oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Result: LC–ESI-MS/MS analysis aided in identification of the major metabolites present in NJE. A total of 15 metabolites were identified. RP-HPLC analysis for serotonin and melatonin content revealed an enriched melatonin content 72.19 ± 1.6 µg/g, however, serotonin could not be detected. The anxiolytic tests employed showed that BSO-induced oxidative stress for 7 days caused a significant decrement in time spent in open arm of EPM, in exploratory behavior in OFT and light compartment of LDB and also in a number of licks and shocks accepted in VCT. NJE further decreased oxidative stress mediated markers in serum viz cortisol, lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls in brain and improved the antioxidant status of brain (GPx, GR, GST, SOD, CAT, and ABTS). NJE also mitigated levels of choline and glutamate in brain. Moreover, NJE in-creased brain GABA and monoamine levels thereby effectively overcoming the anxiety-like effects of BSO. Conclusion: These results clearly suggest that OS mediates anxiety and NJE could be an effective remedy in treating oxidative stress mediated anxiety and neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of Limnophila rugosa (Scrophulariaceae) in paracetamol- and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-021-00397-y ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. N. Hota ◽

B. K. Nanda ◽

B. R. Behera ◽

A. Bose

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Tissue Homogenate ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Nitric Oxide Radical ◽

Ameliorative Effect

Abstract Background Limnophila rugosa (Scrophulariaceae) is a perennial aquatic plant used as a diuretic and digestive tonic as well as in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia and urinary ailments. Genus Limnophila has been reported as hepatoprotective. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of L. rugosa aerial part in paracetamol- and carbon tetrachloride-induced (CCl4) hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats. Ethanolic extract was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis for the estimation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis for phytochemical analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity was carried out by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide assay. Hepatoprotective potential of L. rugosa was studied in paracetamol (750 mg/mg)- and CCl4 (1.25 ml/kg)-induced liver damage in albino rats at dose 200 and 300 mg/kg using silymarin (100 mg/kg) as standard. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were determined in liver tissue homogenate. Serum biochemical and histopathological examination was performed. Molecular docking analysis was performed to understand the molecular mechanism of hepatoprotective activity. Results HPLC analysis revealed predominance of rutin. GC–MS analysis revealed camphor as principal component. Ethanolic extract exhibited significant concentration-dependent scavenging efficacy. The altered biochemical chemical parameters: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, albumin, globulin and total protein, were significantly improved at 200 and 300 mg/kg in experimental rats. Extract signified hepatoprotective by decreasing lipid peroxidation and upregulating SOD, CAT and GSH. The findings were well supported by histological analysis. 2-Butyl-2, 7-octadien-1-ol (-5.8) and camphor (-4.8) gave the highest docking score on the transforming growth factor-β1. Conclusions The ameliorative effect of L. rugosa in the rat model of hepatotoxicity could be attributed to its antioxidant potential and bioactive principles such as betulin, 5-hydroxy-6,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (salvigenin), betulinic acid, ursolic acid, 3-octanol, acetophenone, anisylacetone, caryophyllene, cis-anethole and the compounds camphor and 2-butyl-2,7-octadien-1-ol identified from GC–MS analysis.

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