scholarly journals OM-X®, Fermented Vegetables Extract Suppresses Antigen-Stimulated Degranulation in Rat Basophilic Leukemia RBL-2H3 Cells and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Reaction in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Itoh ◽  
Yasuyoshi Miyake ◽  
Takuya Kasashima ◽  
Yoshie Shimomiya ◽  
Yuki Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Basophilic Leukemia

OM-X® is a hand-made and naturally manufactured probiotic supplement. This fermented food product is made from vegetables, fruits, seaweeds and mushrooms, using 12 strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. OM-X® is also known to have beneficial health properties, and some of its components show effects on antigen (Ag)-stimulated degranulation activity, indicating that OM-X® may be useful in the treatment of allergy responses and symptoms. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of OM-X® on Ag-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, clarified the underlying mechanisms, and determined the active compounds in OM-X® for suppression of degranulation. Treatment with OM-X® gradually suppressed Ag-stimulated degranulation throughout the maturation period. OM-X® also gradually produced melanoidins by lactic acid bacterial fermentation during the maturation process. There was a high correlation between the suppression levels of Ag-stimulated degranulation and the browning of OM-X®. Furthermore, the inhibition of Ag-stimulated degranulation by OM-X® was found to be partially due to the direct inactivation of NADPH oxidase. To elucidate the in vivo effects of OM-X®, type I allergy model mice were orally administered with OM-X®, and the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction was measured. OM-X® intake remarkably suppressed the PCA reaction. Taken together, our findings suggest that OM-X® could be a beneficial food to ameliorate allergic reactions.

Alterations of Hepatic Microsomal Drug Metabolism by Glucagon

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob V. Aranda ◽  
Kenneth W. Renton
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nadph Cytochrome ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Hexobarbital Sleeping Time ◽  
Nadph Oxidation ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

The effect of glucagon on the components of the hepatic microsomal electron transport chain (NADPH oxidase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.6.2.4), cytochrome P-450, and NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase), and on two representative oxidative pathways (aminopyrine N-demethylation, a type I substrate oxidation; and aniline p-hydroxylation, a type II substrate oxidation) was determined. Microsomes from rats pretreated with glucagon (300 μg/kg per day for 3 days) showed a significant decrease in NADPH oxidation and in aminopyrine N-demethylation with a prolonged hexobarbital sleeping time, and a significant increase in aniline p-hydroxylation. Microsomes from rats pretreated with a lower dose of glucagon (30 μg/kg per day for 3 days) showed a significant decrease in the microsomal N-demethylation of aminopyrine. Glucagon had no effect when added in vitro to microsomes, suggesting that the in vivo effects of glucagon are mediated indirectly in the intact animal.

scholarly journals Disambiguating “Mechanisms” in Pharmacy: Lessons from Mechanist Philosophy of Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yaman Abdin ◽  
Claus Jacob ◽  
Lena Kästner
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Diagrams ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Shed Light

Talk of mechanisms is ubiquitous in the natural sciences. Interdisciplinary fields such as biochemistry and pharmacy frequently discuss mechanisms with the assistance of diagrams. Such diagrams usually depict entities as structures or boxes and activities or interactions as arrows. While some of these arrows may indicate causal or componential relations, others may represent temporal or operational orders. Importantly, what kind of relation an arrow represents may not only vary with context but also be underdetermined by empirical data. In this manuscript, we investigate how an analysis of pharmacological mechanisms in terms of producing and underlying mechanisms—as discussed in the contemporary philosophy of science—may shed light on these issues. Specifically, we shall argue that while pharmacokinetic mechanisms usually describe causal chains of production, pharmacodynamics tends to focus on mechanisms of action underlying the in vivo effects of a drug. Considering the action of thyroid gland hormones in the human body as a case study, we further demonstrate that pharmacodynamic schemes tend to incorporate entities and interactions on multiple levels. Yet, traditional pharmacodynamic schemes are sketched “flat”, i.e., non-hierarchically. We suggest that transforming flat pharmacodynamic schemes into mechanistic multi-level representations may assist in disentangling the different kinds of mechanisms and relations depicted by arrows in flat schemes. The resulting Baumkuchen model provides a powerful and practical alternative to traditional flat schemes, as it explicates the relevant mechanisms and relations more clearly. On a more general note, our discussion demonstrates how pharmacology and related disciplines may benefit from applying concepts from the new mechanist philosophy to guide the interpretation of scientific diagrams.

In vivo effects of cytokines on pancreatic β‐cells in models of type I diabetes dependent on CD4 + T lymphocytes

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Angstetra ◽  
Kate L Graham ◽  
Sarah Emmett ◽  
Nadine L Dudek ◽  
Rima Darwiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
In Vivo Effects

scholarly journals Tri-layered composite plug for the repair of osteochondral defects: in vivo study in sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204173141769750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altug Yucekul ◽  
Deniz Ozdil ◽  
Nuri Hunkar Kutlu ◽  
Esra Erdemli ◽  
Halil Murat Aydin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Porous Plug ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Tissue Reactions

Cartilage defects are a source of pain, immobility, and reduced quality of life for patients who have acquired these defects through injury, wear, or disease. The avascular nature of cartilage tissue adds to the complexity of cartilage tissue repair or regeneration efforts. The known limitations of using autografts, allografts, or xenografts further add to this complexity. Autologous chondrocyte implantation or matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation techniques attempt to introduce cultured cartilage cells to defect areas in the patient, but clinical success with these are impeded by the avascularity of cartilage tissue. Biodegradable, synthetic scaffolds capable of supporting local cells and overcoming the issue of poor vascularization would bypass the issues of current cartilage treatment options. In this study, we propose a biodegradable, tri-layered (poly(glycolic acid) mesh/poly(l-lactic acid)-colorant tidemark layer/collagen Type I and ceramic microparticle-coated poly(l-lactic acid)-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) monolith) osteochondral plug indicated for the repair of cartilage defects. The porous plug allows the continual transport of bone marrow constituents from the subchondral layer to the cartilage defect site for a more effective repair of the area. Assessment of the in vivo performance of the implant was conducted in an ovine model (n = 13). In addition to a control group (no implant), one group received the implant alone (Group A), while another group was supplemented with hyaluronic acid (0.8 mL at 10 mg/mL solution; Group B). Analyses performed on specimens from the in vivo study revealed that the implant achieves cartilage formation within 6 months. No adverse tissue reactions or other complications were reported. Our findings indicate that the porous biocompatible implant seems to be a promising treatment option for the cartilage repair.

scholarly journals Profil Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Evaluasi Sensori dari Tempe Bungkus Daun Jati yang Disuplementasi dengan Daun Kelor

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Stella Magdalena ◽  
Yogiara Yogiara ◽  
Adi Yulandi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Protein Fiber ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Leaf Juice

Tempe bungkus daun jati merupakan produk pangan fermentasi tradisional Indonesia yang kaya protein, serat, dan vitamin yang sangat popular di Kabupaten Blora, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan daun kelor pada tahapan perendaman dan peragian dalam proses produksi tempe terhadap profil bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dan tingkat kesukaan. Daun kelor segar dan serbuk disuplementasikan dengan variasi konsentrasi pada proses produksi tempe kacang kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun kelor tidak menghambat aktivitas pertumbuhan dari kapang Rhizopus. Penambahan serbuk daun kelor sebanyak 1x dan 2x (b/b) dari total jumlah ragi pada proses peragian menghasilkan tekstur tempe yang kompak. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi air perasan daun kelor dalam proses perendaman, jumlah total bakteri asam laktat menurun hingga 103 CFU/g. Profil BAL dari tempe bungkus daun jati dengan ataupun tanpa suplementasi daun jati mengandung BAL dari genus Weissella. Tempe bungkus daun jati dengan suplementasi 1x (b/b) serbuk daun kelor sangat berpotensi untuk disosialisasikan sebagai pangan fungsional kepada masyarakat.Lactic Acid Bacteria Profile and Sensory Evaluation of Teak Leaf-Wrapped Tempeh Supplemented with Moringa LeavesAbstractTempeh wrapped in teak leaves is a traditional Indonesian fermented food product that is rich in protein, fiber, and vitamins which is very popular in Kabupaten Blora, Central Java. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Moringa leaves addition in the soaking and fermentation stages of tempeh production towards the profile of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the level of respondent acceptance. Fresh and powdered leaf was supplemented in various doses to soybean tempeh production. As results, Moringa leaves did not inhibit the growth of Rhizopus. The addition of Moringa leaf powder as much as 1x and 2x (w/w) of the total amount of yeast in the fermentation process produced a compact tempeh texture. The higher the concentration of Moringa leaf juice in the soaking process reduced total number of lactic acid bacteria to 103 CFU/g. LAB profile of teak leaf-wrapped tempeh with or without teak leaf powder supplementation contained LAB that belongs to the genus Weissella. Teak leaf-wrapped tempeh supplemented by 1x (w/w) Moringa leaf powder has a potential value to be socialized as functional food to the community.

scholarly journals Autophagy as a modulator of cell death machinery

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Noguchi ◽  
Noriyuki Hirata ◽  
Tsutomu Tanaka ◽  
Futoshi Suizu ◽  
Hiroshi Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Critical Parameter ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract The balance between cell death and survival is a critical parameter in the regulation of cells and the maintenance of homeostasis in vivo. Three major mechanisms for cell death have been identified in mammalian cells: apoptosis (type I), autophagic cell death (type II), and necrosis (type III). These three mechanisms have been suggested to engage in cross talk with each other. Among them, autophagy was originally characterized as a cell survival mechanism for amino acid recycling during starvation. Whether autophagy functions primarily in cell survival or cell death is a critical question yet to be answered. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the cell death-related events that take place during autophagy and their underlying mechanisms in cancer and autoimmune disease development.

scholarly journals Identification and functional properties of dominant lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kahudi , a traditional rapeseed fermented food product of Assam, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunajit Goswami ◽  
Sudipta Sankar Bora ◽  
Assma Parveen ◽  
Robin Chandra Boro ◽  
Madhumita Barooah
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Fermented Food
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