scholarly journals Associations of Patient and Staff Outcomes With Inpatient Unit Designs Incorporating Decentralized Caregiver Workstations: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesqca E. Jimenez ◽  
Susan E. Puumala ◽  
Michael Apple ◽  
Lou Ann Bunker-Hellmich ◽  
Renae K. Rich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Inpatient Unit ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Hospital Design ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Evidence Quality ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Inpatient Units

Objectives: This systematic literature review synthesizes and assesses quality of research addressing associations of patient and staff outcomes with inpatient unit designs incorporating decentralized caregiver workstations. Background: A current hospital design trend is to include decentralized caregiver workstations on inpatient units. A review of literature addressing decentralized unit design is needed. Methods: The systematic review methodology was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Database searches were conducted for studies published in peer-reviewed journals through October 2017. Included were empirical studies associating patient and/or staff outcomes and unit design with decentralized caregiver workstations. Individual studies were evaluated for quality using established methods, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and GRADE-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) guided rigorous inspection of evidence quality and strength for quantitative outcomes and qualitative findings, respectively. Results: The search yielded 1,096 records with 36 full-text articles examined and 12 articles included in the final review. This work was dominated by studies with limited analyses. Staff outcomes have been most widely studied, especially collaboration/communication and walking. Overall, studies exploring decentralized nursing as a design intervention have produced limited results for both staff and patient outcomes. Strength of evidence of the current literature with quantitative methods as a whole was rated very low quality. Conclusions: Although varying degrees of caregiver workstation decentralization in inpatient units are now common, the literature addressing the impacts of such designs is of very low quality and shows inconsistency in associated outcomes. Rigorous, well-designed studies with consistently defined design and outcome measures are needed for greater confidence in determining any effects of decentralized unit design.

Developing, Implementing, and Applying Novel Techniques During Systematic Reviews of Primary Space Medicine Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 681-688
Author(s):  
Andrew Winnard ◽  
Nick Caplan ◽  
Claire Bruce-Martin ◽  
Patrick Swain ◽  
Rochelle Velho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Space Medicine ◽  
Systematic Review Methods ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Primary Space

BACKGROUND: The Aerospace Medicine Systematic Review Group was set up in 2016 to facilitate high quality and transparent synthesis of primary data to enable evidence-based practice. The group identified many research methods specific to space medicine that need consideration for systematic review methods. The group has developed space medicine specific methods to address this and trialed usage of these methods across seven published systematic reviews. This paper outlines evolution of space medicine synthesis methods and discussion of their initial application.METHODS: Space medicine systematic review guidance has been developed for protocol planning, quantitative and qualitative synthesis, sourcing gray data, and assessing quality and transferability of space medicine human spaceflight simulation study environments.RESULTS: Decision algorithms for guidance and tool usage were created based on usage. Six reviews used quantitative methods in which no meta-analyses were possible due to lack of controlled trials or reporting issues. All reviews scored the quality and transferability of space simulation environments. One review was qualitative. Several research gaps were identified.CONCLUSION: Successful use of the developed methods demonstrates usability and initial validity. The current space medicine evidence base resulting in no meta-analyses being possible shows the need for standardized guidance on how to synthesize data in this field. It also provides evidence to call for increasing use of controlled trials, standardizing outcome measures, and improving minimum reporting standards. Space medicine is a unique field of medical research that requires specific systematic review methods.Winnard A, Caplan N, Bruce-Martin C, Swain P, Velho R, Meroni R, Wotring V, Damann V, Weber T, Evetts S, Laws J. Developing, implementing, and applying novel techniques during systematic reviews of primary space medicine data. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(8):681688.

scholarly journals Physicians’ perceptions of palliative sedation for existential suffering: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Rodrigues ◽  
Johan Menten ◽  
Chris Gastmans
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Palliative Sedation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Existential Suffering ◽  
Synthesis Methodology ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

BackgroundPalliative sedation for existential suffering (PS-ES) is a controversial clinical intervention. Empirical studies about physicians’ perceptions do not converge in a clear position and current clinical practice guidelines do not agree either regarding this kind of intervention.AimTo gain deeper insight into physicians’ perceptions of PS-ES, the factors influencing it, the conditions for implementing it and the alternatives to it.DesignSystematic review of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies following the Peer Review Electronic Search Strategies and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses protocols; quality appraisal and thematic synthesis methodology.Data sourcesSeven electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES) were exhaustively searched from inception through March 2019. Two reviewers screened paper titles, abstracts and full texts. We included only peer-reviewed journal articles published in English, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian or Portuguese that focused on physicians’ perceptions of PS-ES.ResultsThe search yielded 17 publications published between 2002 and 2017. Physicians do not hold clear views or agree if and when PS-ES is appropriate. Case-related and individual-related factors that influenced physicians’ perceptions were identified. There is still no consensus regarding criteria to distinguish between necessary and sufficient conditions for invoking PS-ES. Some alternatives to PS-ES were identified.ConclusionsTo date, there is still no consensus on physicians’ perceptions of PS-ES. Further research is necessary to understand factors that influence physicians’ perceptions and philosophical-ethical presuppositions underlying this perceptions.

scholarly journals What work-related exposures are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder? A systematic review with meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e049651
Author(s):  
Pieter Coenen ◽  
Henk F van der Molen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Evidence Quality ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Meta Analyses

ObjectivesAlthough there is evidence that work-related exposures cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there are few quantitative studies assessing the degree to which these factors contribute to PTSD. This systematic review with meta-analysis identified work-related exposures associated with PTSD, and quantified their contribution to this disorder.MethodsWe searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, PILOTS and Web of Science (2005–10 September 2019) for longitudinal studies on work-related exposures and PTSD. We described included articles, and conducted meta-analyses for exposures with sufficient homogeneous information. We performed subgroup analyses for risk of bias, study design and PTSD ascertainment. We assessed evidence quality using Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation, and estimated population attributable fractions.ResultsAfter screening 8590 records, we selected 33 studies (n=5 719 236). From what was moderate quality evidence at best, we identified various work-related exposures that were associated with PTSD, mainly involving individuals in the military and first responder (eg, police or fire brigade) occupations. These exposures included the number of army deployments (OR: 1.15 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.16)), combat exposure (OR 1.89 (95% CI 1.46 to 2.45)), army deployment (OR 1.79 (95% CI 1.45 to 2.21)) and confrontation with death (OR 1.63 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.90)). Effects were robust across subgroups and exposures attributed modestly (7%–34%) to PTSD. We identified additional exposures in other occupations, including life threats, being present during an attack, and hearing about a colleague’s trauma.ConclusionsWe identified various work-related exposures associated with PTSD and quantified their contribution. While exposure assessment, PTSD ascertainment and inconsistency may have biased our findings, our data are of importance for development of preventive interventions and occupational health guidelines.

scholarly journals Interventions for improving self-direction in people with dementia: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola M. E. Döpp ◽  
Hermijntje Drenth ◽  
Paul-Jeroen Verkade ◽  
Anneke F. Francke ◽  
Iris van der Heide
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Essential Components

Abstract Background Dementia is a progressive disease that affects people’s everyday functioning, including the ability to express values, needs and wishes, which can be considered key elements of self-direction. For the purpose of this review, self-direction refers to the organization and/or coordination of your own life, including professional and other care, with the objective of having what you perceive to be a good life. The aim of this systematic review was to assess and describe interventions that aim to improve self-direction of people with dementia. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo and the Cochrane Library. Empirical studies up to April 2020 were included that used qualitative and/or quantitative methods and reported on interventions for people with dementia aimed at improving self-direction. Stepwise study selection and the assessment of methodological quality were conducted independently by two authors. Data on study and intervention characteristics, outcomes related to self-direction and well-being of people with dementia and factors influencing the feasibility were extracted systematically and described narratively. Results Ten studies were identified describing a total of nine interventions. Interventions varied in terms of goals, content, target population and duration. Overall, interventions consisted of multiple components focusing on identifying “Who am I?” (beliefs, strengths, values, goals), identifying “What is important to me?” (meaningful activities and goal setting) and/or communicating about preferences with professionals and/or caregivers. The review provides indications that people with dementia may benefit from the interventions included. Overall, positive effects were found in studies on outcomes related to self-direction and wellbeing. However, outcomes measured using quantitative methods showed inconsistent effects between the studies. Conclusions Although the methodological quality of all the studies included was ‘good’ or at least ‘fair’, the evidence base of interventions aiming to improve self-direction is still limited due to the low number of studies, the low number of participants and the frequent use of and their authors’ own non-standardized measures. Nevertheless, the review points towards positive effects on self-direction and well-being. Identifying individual beliefs, strengths, values, goals and meaningful activities can be essential components of these interventions, as well as communication about the desired care and support.

scholarly journals The Effects of Gamification on Computerized Cognitive Training: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.2196/18644 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e18644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie F Vermeir ◽  
Melanie J White ◽  
Daniel Johnson ◽  
Geert Crombez ◽  
Dimitri M L Van Ryckeghem
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computerized Cognitive Training ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Game Elements ◽  
The Impact

Background There has been a growing interest in the application of gamification (ie, the use of game elements) to computerized cognitive training. The introduction of targeted gamification features to such tasks may increase motivation and engagement as well as improve intervention effects. However, it is possible that game elements can also have adverse effects on cognitive training (eg, be a distraction), which can outweigh their potential motivational benefits. So far, little is known about the effectiveness of such applications. Objective This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of gamification on process outcomes (eg, motivation) and on changes in the training domain (eg, cognition), as well as to explore the role of potential moderators. Methods We searched PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ProQuest Psychology, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore, Association for Computing Machinery, and a range of gray-area literature databases. The searches included papers published between 2008 and 2018. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Results The systematic review identified 49 studies, of which 9 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the review indicated that research in this context is still developing and lacks well-controlled empirical studies. Gamification in cognitive training is applied to a large range of age groups and audiences and is mostly delivered at a research site through computers. Rewards and feedback continue to dominate the gamification landscape, whereas social-oriented features (eg, competition) are underused. The meta-analyses showed that gamified training tasks were more motivating/engaging (Hedges g=0.72) and more demanding/difficult (Hedges g=–0.52) than non- or less-gamified tasks, whereas no effects on the training domain were found. Furthermore, no variables moderated the impact of gamified training tasks. However, meta-analytic findings were limited due to a small number of studies. Conclusions Overall, this review provides an overview of the existing research in the domain and provides evidence for the effectiveness of gamification in improving motivation/engagement in the context of cognitive training. We discuss the shortcomings in the current literature and provide recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew James Page ◽  
Joanne McKenzie ◽  
Patrick Bossuyt ◽  
Isabelle Boutron ◽  
Tammy Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Item Checklist ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did and what they found. Over the last decade, there have been many advances in systematic review methodology and terminology, which have necessitated an update to the guideline.Objectives: To develop the PRISMA 2020 statement for reporting systematic reviews.Methods: We reviewed 60 documents with reporting guidance for systematic reviews to generate suggested modifications to the PRISMA 2009 statement. We sought feedback on the suggested modifications through an online survey of 110 systematic review methodologists and journal editors. The results of the review and survey were discussed at a 21-member in-person meeting. Following the meeting, drafts of the PRISMA 2020 checklist, abstract checklist, explanation and elaboration and flow diagram were generated and refined iteratively based on feedback from co-authors and a convenience sample of 15 systematic reviewers.Results: In this statement paper, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews. The checklist includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement.Conclusions: The PRISMA 2020 statement is intended to facilitate transparent, complete and accurate reporting of systematic reviews. Improved reporting should benefit users of reviews, including guideline developers, policy makers, health care providers, patients and other stakeholders. In order to achieve this, we encourage authors, editors and peer-reviewers to adopt the guideline.

Taking Stock: A Meta-Analysis of Work Engagement in the Hospitality and Tourism Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110669
Author(s):  
Pattamol Kanjanakan ◽  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Tin Doan ◽  
Peter B. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Current Stage

Although a number of empirical studies on work engagement have been conducted in the context of hospitality and tourism, few efforts have been made to consolidate previous findings in this area. Hence, this article explores the current stage of work engagement studies and meta-analyses the relations of work engagement with its antecedents and outcomes in the hospitality and tourism context. Through a systematic review, 134 empirical studies (N = 43,043) published from 2008 to September 2020 were identified. Given that the findings include the trends within work engagement studies and the effect sizes and variabilities of associated relationships, this study contributes to the hospitality and tourism literature by providing a useful reference for future researchers. The findings are discussed in light of their theoretical and practical implications.

scholarly journals Evaluating mesenchymal stem cell therapy for sepsis with preclinical meta-analyses prior to initiating a first-in-human trial

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj M Lalu ◽  
Katrina J Sullivan ◽  
Shirley HJ Mei ◽  
David Moher ◽  
Alexander Straus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Human Trial ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Threats To Validity ◽  
Meta Analyses

Evaluation of preclinical evidence prior to initiating early-phase clinical studies has typically been performed by selecting individual studies in a non-systematic process that may introduce bias. Thus, in preparation for a first-in-human trial of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for septic shock, we applied systematic review methodology to evaluate all published preclinical evidence. We identified 20 controlled comparison experiments (980 animals from 18 publications) of in vivo sepsis models. Meta-analysis demonstrated that MSC treatment of preclinical sepsis significantly reduced mortality over a range of experimental conditions (odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.18–0.40, latest timepoint reported for each study). Risk of bias was unclear as few studies described elements such as randomization and no studies included an appropriately calculated sample size. Moreover, the presence of publication bias resulted in a ~30% overestimate of effect and threats to validity limit the strength of our conclusions. This novel prospective application of systematic review methodology serves as a template to evaluate preclinical evidence prior to initiating first-in-human clinical studies.

scholarly journals The Effect of Maternal Depression on Infant Attachment: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Śliwerski ◽  
Karolina Kossakowska ◽  
Karolina Jarecka ◽  
Julita Świtalska ◽  
Eleonora Bielawska-Batorowicz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Aims and objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the key findings of empirical studies assessing the influence of maternal depression on child attachment security measured before 24 months after birth. Method: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. A literature search was conducted on the EBSCO (Academic Search Complete; Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition; MEDLINE; PsycARTICLES) and PubMed databases, with infant attachment AND depression as search terms with Boolean operators. Study design or sample size did not affect inclusion. After screening, 29 of the 1510 unique publications originally identified were included in the review. Results: The studies reveal an equivocal association between maternal depression and child attachment security. Our findings indicate that depression had a significant influence on the attachment style almost only when diagnosed by structured interview: Depression measured by self-descriptive questionnaires was unrelated to attachment style. Furthermore, postpartum depression was found to be significant only when measured up to six months after childbirth. Conclusion: The relationship between maternal depression and infant attachment is both complex and dynamic, and the possible negative effects of depression might be compensated by maternal involvement in childcare. Therefore, further studies in this area should employ a reliable methodology for diagnosing depression and a suitable time point for measuring it; they should also adopt a multifactorial and prospective approach. It is important to note that breastfeeding/formula feeding was omitted as a factor in the majority of studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document