Evaluation of Nosocomial Infection Control Measures to Minimize the Risk of Aspergillus Dispersion During Major Demolition Work: A Case Study of a Japanese University Hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672110099
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Nakanishi ◽  
Kei Kasahara ◽  
Akira Koizumi ◽  
Junko Tokutani ◽  
Shingo Yoshihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: To verify the effectiveness of our infection control measures based on the infection control risk assessment (ICRA) to minimize the risk of Aspergillus dispersion before, during, and after demolition work in a university hospital. Background: It is widely accepted that invasive aspergillosis is associated with construction, renovation, and demolition activities within or close to hospital sites. However, the risk is underestimated, and only limited preventive measures are taken in Japanese hospitals. Method: The demolition process, carried out in July 2014, was supervised by our facility management in collaboration with the infection prevention team and followed an adapted ICRA tool. Dust containment measures were implemented to reduce the risk of airborne Aspergillus contamination. Air sampling was performed at four wards in the adjacent hospital buildings to assess the containment measures’ effectiveness. Results: A high, undetermined number of colonies of bacteria and molds were detected on all outside balconies before demolition. During demolition, Aspergillus spp. was detected only in the ward closest to the demolition site. However, no case of aspergillosis was reported. The difference-in-difference analysis revealed that the interaction between the demolition activity, height of the ward, and distance of the air intake to the demolition activities resulted in a significant increase in the numbers of Aspergillus spp. Conclusions: When large-scale demolition work occurs in hospital premises, Aspergillus spp. may increase in the ward where the vertical and horizontal distance of air intake from the demolition site is close, even though infection control measures based on the ICRA are implemented.

The Urgent Countermeasures in Infection Control for Diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Ti Lee ◽  
Shih-Ming Tsao ◽  
Chien-Feng Li ◽  
Ying-Hsiang Chou ◽  
Chien-Ning Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Medical University

Abstract The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a large-scale outbreak and has rapidly spread across China and multiple countries. We reported countermeasures in infection control for diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) infection and the experiences of point of care diagnostics and medical quarantine for presumed SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on subjects came to Chung Shan Medical University Hospital with suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection during January to March, 2020. We performed the real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction testing (rRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2-infection and reported the results of testing and treatment. A total of 212 participants were enrolled due to suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Five of those were confirmed COVID-19 cases after monitoring for a period of 14 days and were cured. The time to rRT-PCR test conversion after treatment is variate. The infection control measures of home quarantine and mandatory medical quarantine combined with rapid diagnosis seem to postpone the speed of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection at once in Taiwan. Due to lack of vaccination and confirmed antiviral therapy, it is important to strictly abide by the infection control measures.

scholarly journals Infant Case of Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Citrobacter koseri Urinary Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyppolite K Tchidjou ◽  
Bernard Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infant Case

Abstract Since 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly contagious with a high mortality rate. France has taken strict infection control measures. According to the report by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, children are less affected with COVID-19 and seem to have less severe disease than adults. We reported the first confirmed infant case of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Citrobacter koseri urinary infection in 6-week-old child admitted on 25 March 2020 with mild symptoms in the Pediatric COVID Unit of Amiens University Hospital, France.

scholarly journals Nurses Practice Regarding Infection Control Measures during The Second Stage of Labor: A Multicenter Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Somia F. E. Fahmi ◽  
Zeinab A. A. Baraia ◽  
Inaam H. Abdelati
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Infection Control Practice ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Significant Difference

Context: Infection prevention remains a significant public health challenge for healthcare systems, especially in maternity and delivery units. Good understanding and compliance of nurses with infection control measures during delivery are essential factors that improve maternal and neonatal outcomes and decrease morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aimed to assess nurses' practice regarding infection control measures during the second stage of labor in multiple centers. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study was adopted in this study. The study population included all nurses working in labor rooms of four hospitals (100 nurses), namely Suez Canal University Hospital, Zagazig University Hospital, Ismailia General Hospital, And Zagazig General Hospital. Data collection tool encompassed a structured interviewing questionnaire to assess nurses' general characteristics, physical and organizational barriers that prevent nurses from complying with infection control measures, infection control practice checklist to assess nurses` compliance with infection control measures during the second stage of labor. Results: The highest percentage of the studied nurses' age was between 19-<29 (56.6%, 63.8%). Near half were technical nurses (43.4%, 44.7%). The majority of the studied nurses had not had periodic checks. Also, most of them were vaccinated against viral hepatitis B (86.8%, 91.5%). There was a statistically significant difference between Ismalia and Zagazig hospitals in physical barriers. The highest mean percent for infection control practice was for perineal care 100%, using the invasive device during labor 92%, preparing birthing room and its equipment 75.9%. A satisfactory infection control practice was revealed among 88% of the studied nurses. The satisfactory practice of nurses was 100%, 92.1%, 86.9%, 44.1% in Zagazig General Hospital, Ismalia University Hospital, Zagazig University Hospital, Ismalia General Hospital, respectively. Conclusion: The result of the study concluded that most nurses' practice regarding infection control in the delivery room was satisfactory. The study recommended upgrading and qualifying nurses in the labor room to improve their practical skills in Obstetric Nursing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Liat Cdiff Assay for Direct Detection of Clostridioides difficile Toxin Genes within 20 Minutes

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Hetem ◽  
Ingrid Bos-Sanders ◽  
Roel H. T. Nijhuis ◽  
Sven Tamminga ◽  
Livia Berlinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Clostridioides difficile is the main causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Prompt diagnosis is required for initiation of timely infection control measures and appropriate adjustment of antibiotic treatment. The cobas Cdiff assay for use on the cobas Liat system enables a diagnostic result in 20 minutes. A total of 252 prospective (n = 150) and retrospective (n = 102) stool specimens from The Netherlands, France, and Switzerland were tested on the cobas Cdiff assay using the Xpert C. difficile assay as a reference method. The overall positive and negative percent agreement (PPA and NPA, respectively) of the cobas Cdiff assay compared with the Xpert C. difficile assay was 98.0% (100/102; 95% confidence interval [CI], 93.1% to 99.5%) and 94.0% (141/150; 95% CI, 89.0% to 96.8%), respectively. When comparing the PPAs of cobas Cdiff and Xpert C. difficile with culture, the results were 91.7% (55/60; 95% CI, 81.9% to 96.4%) and 85.0% (51/60; 95% CI, 73.9% to 91.9%), respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. The cobas Cdiff assay offers a very rapid alternative for diagnosing C. difficile infection. The 20-minute turnaround time provides the potential for point-of-care testing so that adequate infection control measures can be initiated promptly.

scholarly journals Overcoming Current and Preventing Future Nosocomial Outbreaks during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned at Three Hospitals in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10226
Author(s):  
Makiko Komasawa ◽  
Myo Nyein Aung ◽  
Kiyoko Saito ◽  
Mitsuo Isono ◽  
Go Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Health Care Delivery Systems ◽  
And Control

Hospitals are increasingly challenged by nosocomial infection (NI) outbreaks during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although standardized guidelines and manuals regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are available worldwide, case-studies conducted at specified hospitals that are required to cope with real settings are limited. In this study, we analyzed three hospitals in Japan where large-scale NI outbreaks occurred for hints on how to prevent NI outbreaks. We reviewed openly available information from each hospital and analyzed it applying a three domain framework: operation management; identification of infection status; and infection control measures. We learned that despite having authorized infection control teams and using existing standardized IPC measures, SARS-CoV-2 may still enter hospitals. Early detection of suspected cases and confirmation by PCR test, carefully dealing with staff-to-staff transmission were the most essential factors to prevent NI outbreaks. It was also suggested that ordinary training on IPC for staff does not always provide enough practical knowledge and skills; in such cases external technical and operational supports are crucial. It is expected that our results will provide insights into preventing NI outbreaks of COVID-19, and contribute to mitigate the damage to health care delivery systems in various countries.

scholarly journals Decreasing Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii in Rīga East University Hospital / Multirezistentās Acinetobacter Baumannii Izplatības Mazināšanās Rīgas Austrumu Klīniskajā Universitātes Slimnīcā

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Māris Liepiņš ◽  
Raimonds Sīmanis ◽  
Aivars Lejnieks
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Time Period

Abstract There has been an increasing tendency of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), including multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB), in the Rīga East University Hospital (REUH) during the last decade. Over the last two years (2014-2015), this tendency has reversed and the prevalence of MDRAB has decreased considerably. In this study we assessed the prevalence of MDRAB in intensive care units (ICUs), internal medicine, surgery units and analysed antibiotic sensitivity profiles. In addition, we determined if current infection control measures are preventing further increase of infections caused by MDRAB in REUH. Retrospective Acinetobacter baumannii prevalence data were collected for the period from 2009 until 2012. For the time period from the beginning of 2013 until 2015, after implementing such infection control measures as control of compliance to hand hygiene guidelines, a review of central venous catheter insertion protocols and regular search for sources of MDRAB in hospital environment, prospective follow-up of new cases was conducted. Antimicrobial sensitivity profiles were assessed for the period from 2013 until 2015. Data were processed with the statistical software WHONET 5.5. Bacteria identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed by VITEK 2 compact, BioMerieux, France. The prevalence of MDRAB in the period 2009 to 2013 increased from 71 to 217 cases per year, but from between 2013 (time of implementing infection control measures) and 2015 it decreased to 113 cases in 2015. In the three year period (2013-2015), the proportion of MDRAB causing bloodstream infections (BSI) and central nervous system infections (CNSI) was 15.85% from all identified MDRAB cases. Of the 113 MDRAB infections diagnosed in 2015, BSI was found in 16.81% cases (n = 19). Antibiotic resistance testing showed that colistin is the most effective drug against MDRAB. The majority of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were resistant to Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Imipenem, Meropenem, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, and Ciprofloxacin. Over the last two years (2014-2015), prevalence of MDRAB infections decreased considerably. In the time period from 2013 to 2014, resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii increased to imipenem, ciprofloxacin and colistin, while decreased slightly to amikacin. Rigorous infection control measures, such as identification and elimination of new MDRAB sources in environment, review of the central venous catheter insertion protocol and improvements in hand hygiene, are crucial for decreasing distribution of and invasive infections caused by MDRAB in the hospital environment.

scholarly journals Control measures following a case of imported Lassa fever from Togo, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany, 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Lehmann ◽  
Matthias Kochanek ◽  
Diana Abdulla ◽  
Stephan Becker ◽  
Boris Böll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Infection Control Measures

In a patient transferred from Togo to Cologne, Germany, Lassa fever was diagnosed 12 days post mortem. Sixty-two contacts in Cologne were categorised according to the level of exposure, and gradual infection control measures were applied. No clinical signs of Lassa virus infection or Lassa specific antibodies were observed in the 62 contacts. Thirty-three individuals had direct contact to blood, other body fluids or tissue of the patients. Notably, with standard precautions, no transmission occurred between the index patient and healthcare workers. However, one secondary infection occurred in an undertaker exposed to the corpse in Rhineland-Palatinate, who was treated on the isolation unit at the University Hospital of Frankfurt. After German authorities raised an alert regarding the imported Lassa fever case, an American healthcare worker who had cared for the index patient in Togo, and who presented with diarrhoea, vomiting and fever, was placed in isolation and medevacked to the United States. The event and the transmission of Lassa virus infection outside of Africa underlines the need for early diagnosis and use of adequate personal protection equipment (PPE), when highly contagious infections cannot be excluded. It also demonstrates that larger outbreaks can be prevented by infection control measures, including standard PPE.

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