Hegemonic Geographies of the Mexican Neoliberal State

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kohout
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Labor Politics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regional Economic Model

I use Gramsci's notion of hegemony to analyze how Mexican governments have reproduced the neoliberal state over the past twenty-five years. Hegemony is a spatially-contingent process of consensus and coercion that explains how dominant economic and political policies take shape. In the case of Mexico, I examine the rise of new political elites (technocrats), their attempts at reshaping the corporatist consensus through social pacts, and their use of a regional economic model as national archetype for economic development. More specifically, this analysis employs labor politics to illustrate how the government uses consensus and coercion to maintain the state as the privileged space for shaping the hegemonic geographies of economic development in Mexico.

scholarly journals POSITIVE EFFECTS OF IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIELDS OF ENFORCEMENT AND TAX POLICIES IN SERBIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagy Attila
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The State ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Debt Collection ◽  
The Eu

In this work we are dealing with the possible and more likely development ideas and opportunities which could happen in Serbia. These ideas are based on the Governmental policies and even more on the need of the Serbian economy and its citizens. For a long period of time the economy was struggling and every small step towards development is noticeable. Apart from having the same idea of joining the EU different governments in the past and now claim that they will lead Serbia on the shortest and most efficient path to the EU. Their political ideas differ somehow but certainly the decisions they are making are just following one pattern. Everyday citizens and businesses just experience the same as in any other country which has its economy in transition. Much depends on the determination to make a certain step towards economic development. Sometimes it looks like the steps were made with a big delay and that everyone except the government was ready to certain changes. Some big structural changes are not properly done and there is not enough care taken of parallel practices of states in transition. The new procedure of debt collection in Serbia is done with an intention to make debtors pay more easily. Unfortunately on the end we see that the system does not work perfectly since the state itself has some problems of getting its tax money collected. In every aspect of life we see a big influence of politics to the economy, some would say that there is no economy without being involved in politics. This unfortunate situation is following Serbia and many Western Balkan countries for a long period of time. It is hard to expect economic development with such a bad attitude which is somehow always proved in practice. The redistribution of wealth is also problematic, having in mind that the tax policy serves only as a tool to fill the budget which is anyway not just in the sense of just redistribution. The budget of Serbia has many loopholes and certainly the current economic development is not ready to support it. There is a clear need to adjust politics to economy and make the state treat better the hand which is feeding it.

Shipbuilding and the State in Japan since the 1850s

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour Broadbridge
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government

In the past decade or so there have been several critical revisions of the long-accepted view of the important role of the state in Japan's economic development and programme of modernization generally. Professor Harry Oshima has attempted to demolish the argument that the Meiji governments' policies were at all economically beneficial. On the contrary, he has said, those policies retarded growth, particularly through their neglect of agriculture. Professor Hugh Patrick has cautioned us against giving the Meiji governments too much credit for the development of the banking system. Private enterprise, he has insisted, was also important. Most recently, Professor Kozo Yamamura has delivered yet another broadside against what he considers the myths of Japanese economic history. This time he criticizes the view that the government, by intervening and pioneering model plants, played a significant role in Meiji Japan's industrial dcvelopment.

The Rwandan Patriotic Front: Politics and Development in Rwanda

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Wm. Cyrus Reed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Central Task ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Narrow Base

The past twelve months have witnessed the devastation of Rwanda. More than one half million people were murdered by the Rwandan army and the associated civilian militias, while over two million people fled the country after the death of former President Juvenal Habyarimana. The Rwandan Patriotic Front, which emerged in exile over the past thirty years and now dominates the government in Kigali, faces a dilemma: how does it consolidate its position amongst its core supporters, many of whom grew up in exile and recently returned to Rwanda, while at the same time gain the confidence of the domestic population, many of whom have recently fled? Resolving this dilemma is the central task for the regime, and is critical to the future political and economic development of the country.In spite of its stated desire to create a broad-based government, the core of RPF support lies on a perilously narrow base, located as much outside of the country as inside. Domestically, the country is in ruins. The exodus of refugees resulted in the collapse of production and of the state.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship in the Islamic Thought: An Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Osama Sami AL-Nsour
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.

The Fox Project

1958 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Tax
Keyword(s):  
American Indians ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government

Picture a piece of land on the Iowa River in Central Iowa. Some of it is bottomland that floods over. Some of it is wooded hillside. Some is useful for farming. For the past 100 years this has been the home of a growing community of American Indians who call themselves Mesquakies. They are commonly known as Fox Indians. After the Blackhawk War they were removed from Illinois and Iowa to Kansas. They defied the government, however, and in 1857 a few of them sought and received permission from the state of Iowa to buy 80 acres of land on which to settle. The 80 acres have grown to 3300. The population has grown to some 600 persons who think of this settlement as home even though many work and live in the towns and the cities of the white world—which in the meantime has surrounded their land and their lives.

The First Quarantine: How the Plague Became a Political Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Composite Object ◽  
The Past ◽  
Moral Assessment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Modern Form

The great plague of 1665-1666 is one of the starting points for the birth of biopolitics in its modern form. The quarantine measures introduced by the government have been considered effective from the medical point of view since the middle of the 18th century. However, many of those contemporary with the plague were convinced that the state was only worsening matters for London’s inhabitants. The author examines why the plague elicited such an ambivalent response in England and how the disease stopped being a composite object and turned into a “comfortable, domesticated” concept. The article investigates why the moral assessment of those measures has become so different over the past hundred years and shows how the quarantine in London influenced the “hygienic revolution.” Apart from its historical interest, this case is a suitable topic for the use of STS methodology because it illustrates the impossibility providing a complete description of the quarantine process and subsequent medical treatment in terms of a conflict between different actors. In order to understand why these measures have subsequently been perceived in this fashion, the author applies the concept of Lovecraftian horror, which offers a way to describe the situation of “collisions” with the plague. By describing how biopolitics released the moral tension built up by the co-existence of different interpretations of the causes of the epidemic, the author reconstructs the retrospective creation of the myth about the success of the quarantine. He contrasts the logic of “multiplicity” with the unifying descriptions and shows the kind of problems a “blurred” ontology can bring on during a crisis in everyday life. This leads to a discussion of the difficulty of holding onto unstable objects that have the potential for liberation from the logic of paternalistic care.

scholarly journals Abrupt Termination of Employee Contracts In a Democratic State: The Case of Botswana

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Baakile Motshegwa ◽  
Keratilwe Bodilenyane
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Disciplinary Procedures ◽  
The Government

Botswana has in the past received accolades of being the most peaceful country in Southern Africa. Any disturbance of this peace is either shunned or seen as a departure from the norm. The advent of trade unions in Botswana has always been looked at with suspicion and they have been seen as militant, which is contrary to the peaceful existence the country has enjoyed regardless of the fact that it is surrounded by countries that have been to war at some point in their history. Therefore, the state has made it a point that any sign of unrest is severely dealt with by the government. Some employees were dismissed un-procedurally as disciplinary procedures were not followed and the court ruled in the employee’s favour in 2012. The majority of those dismissed were from the essential services sections of government even though at the beginning some were released through the strike rules agreement between government and unions. Laid down disciplinary rules and procedures of having a hearing were not followed. 

Development of higher education in the modern economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Наталья Новикова ◽  
Natalya Novikova ◽  
Ирина Мухоморова ◽  
Irina Mukhomorova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
State Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Professional Fields

Modernization in Russia is objectively dictated by the tightening of global competition between countries and the need for structural optimization of the domestic economy. In today´s environment the results of the modernization of the Russian economy influence directly on the welfare of the country in the future, elimination of the technological gap, improving efficiency in all sectors of the economy and professional fields. The process of modernization is aimed at solving a minimum of three tasks: to ensure structural balance of the national economy; technological innovation; the formation of an innovative model of economic development. Formation of such a model of the economy implies an increase in the economy of knowledge-intensive and high-tech industries. With two possible and mutually exclusive approaches to the state economy modernization and technological development, autocratic and democratic, the latter is the most effective, since upgrading cannot be achieved without direct participation of business, civil society and individual citizens with a high level of competence of the government. Federal authorities at the same time play the role of a facilitator, providing legal, organizational and financial support, and as well as a system of processes. Economic modernization and technological development will require training of skilled human capital, which may be provided by the proper functioning of the system of education in Russia. Development of education should be coordinated with social and economic development, and activities of educational institutions should be integrated into innovation processes at the national and regional levels. High importance in solving these problems is given to the development of mechanisms of interaction of educational institutions with the business environment, general public and to changing the format of relations with the state education authorities.

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