Prognostic impact of abdominal fat distribution and cardiorespiratory fitness in asymptomatic type 2 diabetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barak Zafrir ◽  
Alla Khashper ◽  
Tamar Gaspar ◽  
Idit Dobrecky-Mery ◽  
Mali Azencot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics

Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Miyazaki ◽  
Archana Mahankali ◽  
Masafumi Matsuda ◽  
Srikanth Mahankali ◽  
Kenneth Cusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Jensen Kolnes ◽  
Maria Houborg Petersen ◽  
Teodor Lien-Iversen ◽  
Kurt Højlund ◽  
Jørgen Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat

In obesity, excessive abdominal fat, especially the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), increases the risk of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Excessive abdominal fat is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, leading to systemic low-grade inflammation, fat overflow, ectopic lipid deposition, and reduced insulin sensitivity. Physical activity is recommended for primary prevention and treatment of obesity, T2DM, and related disorders. Achieving a stable reduction in body weight with exercise training alone has not shown promising effects on a population level. Because fat has a high energy content, a large amount of exercise training is required to achieve weight loss. However, even when there is no weight loss, exercise training is an effective method of improving body composition (increased muscle mass and reduced fat) as well as increasing insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Compared with traditional low-to-moderate-intensity continuous endurance training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) are more time-efficient as exercise regimens and produce comparable results in reducing total fat mass, as well as improving cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin sensitivity. During high-intensity exercise, carbohydrates are the main source of energy, whereas, with low-intensity exercise, fat becomes the predominant energy source. These observations imply that HIIT and SIT can reduce fat mass during bouts of exercise despite being associated with lower levels of fat oxidation. In this review, we explore the effects of different types of exercise training on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during physical activity, and discuss the potential effects of exercise training on adipose tissue function and body fat distribution.

scholarly journals The introduction of simple cardiorespiratory fitness testing in overweight/obese type 2 diabetics: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
Ľubica Cibičková ◽  
David Karásek ◽  
Jiří Lukeš ◽  
Norbert Cibiček
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Group B

BackgroundLow level of cardiorespiratory fitness has been recognized as an important independent and modifiable risk factor of increased morbidity and mortality. However, in standard outpatient settings, patients are not routinely screened for fitness and advantages of such testing for the management of type 2 diabetes have not been defined.AimTo describe the toleration of a fast, simple and practicable fitness test (2-min step-in-place test) by overweight/obese type 2 diabetics and their performance indicated by 2-min step-in-place test score (STS). To study short-term anthropometric, functional and metabolic changes following the implementation of the test in the selected population.MethodsA total of 33 overweight/obese type 2 diabetics underwent, besides routine examination at the outpatient clinic, the fitness test (group A). Patients were asked to increase their regular physical activity with focus on walking without change in diet and chronic medication. Three to four months later, the subjects were tested again. An identical number of age- and sex-matched obese diabetics followed in our outpatient clinic (without fitness testing), was randomly selected from the Hospital Information System (control group B).FindingsAll patients subjected to fitness testing completed the protocol successfully. STS score was found to have a considerable range with differences between males and females at the borderline of statistical significance. The data are compliant with lower aerobic endurance of obese diabetics compared with healthy population. Within study period, the tested group presented with improvements in STS (referring especially to the males) as well as in several laboratory parameters of glucose and lipid homeostasis, glomerular function and subclinical inflammation with no reflection in anthropometry. Group B demonstrated no significant change. In conclusion, 2-min step-in-place test is fast, undemanding and well-tolerated by patients and personnel. Following its validation based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing, the test may prove recommendable for screening or self-monitoring purposes.

scholarly journals The Characteristics Of Abdominal Fat Distribution In Japanese Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 2281-2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriko Abe ◽  
Tatsuhiko Urakami ◽  
Mitsuhiko Hara ◽  
Kei Yoshida ◽  
Yusuke Mine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Japanese Adolescents

scholarly journals Association of Genetic Variants Related to Gluteofemoral vs Abdominal Fat Distribution With Type 2 Diabetes, Coronary Disease, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

JAMA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 320 (24) ◽  
pp. 2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca A. Lotta ◽  
Laura B. L. Wittemans ◽  
Verena Zuber ◽  
Isobel D. Stewart ◽  
Stephen J. Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Disease ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat

scholarly journals Body fat distribution, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lipid profile in first degree relatives with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3293-3296
Author(s):  
Shaik Azmatulla ◽  
Rinku Garg ◽  
Anil Kumar Sharma ◽  
Navpret Mann
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density

Evaluation of people at increased risk like first degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus (FDRDM) may be useful to reduce the risk of disease progression, development, early intervention, and to take precautionary measures.  By considering the multifactorial pathophysiological changes of D.M., we have examined the body fat distribution, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lipid profile of FDRDM. Similar age, height, waist-hip ratio (WHR) in both groups, significantly higher body mass index (BMI) in FDRDM, was observed in our study. Percentage body fat and blood glucose levels in fasting were elevated considerably, and 12 min walk distance was low in FDRDM. Visceral fat was slightly high, but it was not statistically significant. In FDRDM, High-density lipoproteins (HDL) were less but not statistically significant. Significantly higher levels of  Total cholesterol (T.C.), triglycerides (TGL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) were seen high in FDRDM when compared to controls. Higher body fat percentage reduced cardiorespiratory function and abnormal lipid profile in FDRDM may lead to the development of severe cardiovascular events and necessitates lifestyle modification at early phases of disease development.

scholarly journals Effect of Pioglitazone on Abdominal Fat Distribution and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2784-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Miyazaki ◽  
Archana Mahankali ◽  
Masafumi Matsuda ◽  
Srikanth Mahankali ◽  
Jean Hardies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Insulin Clamp ◽  
Pioglitazone Treatment

We examined the effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution to elucidate the mechanisms via which pioglitazone improves insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thirteen type 2 diabetic patients (nine men and four women; age, 52 ± 3 yr; body mass index, 29.0 ± 1.1 kg/m2), who were being treated with a stable dose of sulfonylurea (n = 7) or with diet alone (n = 6), received pioglitazone (45 mg/d) for 16 wk. Before and after pioglitazone treatment, subjects underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and two-step euglycemic insulin clamp (insulin infusion rates, 40 and 160 mU/m2·min) with [3H]glucose. Abdominal fat distribution was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging at L4–5. After 16 wk of pioglitazone treatment, fasting plasma glucose (179 ± 10 to 140 ± 10 mg/dl; P < 0.01), mean plasma glucose during OGTT (295 ± 13 to 233 ± 14 mg/dl; P < 0.01), and hemoglobin A1c (8.6 ± 0.4% to 7.2 ± 0.5%; P < 0.01) decreased without a change in fasting or post-OGTT insulin levels. Fasting plasma FFA (674 ± 38 to 569 ± 31 μEq/liter; P < 0.05) and mean plasma FFA (539 ± 20 to 396 ± 29 μEq/liter; P < 0.01) during OGTT decreased after pioglitazone. In the postabsorptive state, hepatic insulin resistance [basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) × basal plasma insulin concentration] decreased from 41 ± 7 to 25 ± 3 mg/kg fat-free mass (FFM)·min × μU/ml; P < 0.05) and suppression of EGP during the first insulin clamp step (1.1 ± 0.1 to 0.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg FFM·min; P < 0.05) improved after pioglitazone treatment. The total body glucose MCR during the first and second insulin clamp steps increased after pioglitazone treatment [first MCR, 3.5 ± 0.5 to 4.4 ± 0.4 ml/kg FFM·min (P < 0.05); second MCR, 8.7 ± 1.0 to 11.3 ± 1.1 ml/kg FFM·min (P < 0.01)]. The improvement in hepatic and peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity occurred despite increases in body weight (82 ± 4 to 85 ± 4 kg; P < 0.05) and fat mass (27 ± 2 to 30 ± 3 kg; P < 0.05). After pioglitazone treatment, sc fat area at L4–5 (301 ± 44 to 342 ± 44 cm2; P < 0.01) increased, whereas visceral fat area at L4–5 (144 ± 13 to 131 ± 16 cm2; P < 0.05) and the ratio of visceral to sc fat (0.59 ± 0.08 to 0.44 ± 0.06; P < 0.01) decreased. In the postabsorptive state hepatic insulin resistance (basal EGP × basal immunoreactive insulin) correlated positively with visceral fat area (r = 0.55; P < 0.01). The glucose MCRs during the first (r = −0.45; P < 0.05) and second (r = −0.44; P < 0.05) insulin clamp steps were negatively correlated with the visceral fat area. These results demonstrate that a shift of fat distribution from visceral to sc adipose depots after pioglitazone treatment is associated with improvements in hepatic and peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin.

scholarly journals Visceral fat versus subcutaneous fat: comparison of their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
OK Shrestha ◽  
GL Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

To compare abdominal visceral fat with subcutaneous fat in relation to their association with type 2 diabetes. Abdominal fat distribution was measured using Computed Tomography in 60 subjects (30 diabetics and 30 non-diabetics). Computed tomography images obtained at two intervertebral locations L2-L3 and L4-L5 were used to measure areas of total fat, visceral fat and subcutaneous fat using slice thickness of 5mm and attenuation range of -190 to -30 Hounsfield units. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. At L2-L3 level, taking visceral fat and subcutaneous fat as predictor variables, diabetes was correctly classified at 78.0% and 66.10% respectively. At L4-L5 level, taking visceral fat and subcutaneous fat as predictor variables, diabetes was correctly classified at 72.88% and 67.80% respectively. Regardless of the measurement site, visceral fat has significantly stronger association with diabetes, compared to subcutaneous fat. Visceral fat at L2-L3 level alone may be a better predictor of diabetes. Abdominal fat distribution, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, type 2 diabetes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i2.10853 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(2): 9-12

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