scholarly journals Physical fitness is a modifiable predictor of early cardiovascular death: A 35-year follow-up study of 2014 healthy middle-aged men

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1655-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Engeseth ◽  
Erik E Prestgaard ◽  
Julian E Mariampillai ◽  
Irene Grundvold ◽  
Knut Liestol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Middle Aged

Background Physical fitness has been shown to predict cardiovascular death during long-term follow-up. In the present study we aimed to investigate how physical fitness and other cardiovascular risk factors at middle-age influenced the risk of cardiovascular death during the early (0–11 years), intermediate (12–23 years) and late (24–35 years) parts of a 35-year observation period. Methods and results Age-adjusted physical fitness was calculated in 2014 apparently healthy, middle-aged men after maximal bicycle electrocardiogram-tests in 1972–1975 (Survey 1) and 1979–1982 (Survey 2). The men were assessed through 35 years after Survey 1, and 28 years after Survey 2 by Cox proportional hazards models. Low Survey 1 physical fitness was independently associated with increased risks of early and intermediate, but not late, cardiovascular death. Survey 1 to Survey 2 change in physical fitness, age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure and cholesterol impacted cardiovascular death risks in all periods. Family history of coronary heart disease impacted early and intermediate, but not late, cardiovascular death. Conclusions Most classical cardiovascular risk factors were strong predictors of early, intermediate and late cardiovascular death. Physical fitness measured at median age 50 years was independently associated with risk of early cardiovascular death, but the association weakened as time progressed. Change in physical fitness during middle-age impacted cardiovascular death risk in a full lifetime perspective. Thus, our data suggest that physical fitness is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor with limited duration in contrast to the sustained impact of smoking, blood pressure and cholesterol on cardiovascular mortality.

Casual blood pressure: Its relationship to several cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men

Public Health ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Carel ◽  
Y. Shoenfeld ◽  
M. Eldar ◽  
D.S. Silverberg ◽  
Z. Eldar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Aged

scholarly journals Future risk of cardiovascular disease risk factors and events in women after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy

Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (16) ◽  
pp. 1273-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Benschop ◽  
Johannes J Duvekot ◽  
Jeanine E Roeters van Lennep
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment ◽  
Increased Risk

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), such as gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, affect up to 10% of all pregnancies. These women have on average a twofold higher risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life as compared with women with normotensive pregnancies. This increased risk might result from an underlying predisposition to CVD, HDP itself or a combination of both. After pregnancy women with HDP show an increased risk of classical cardiovascular risk factors including chronic hypertension, renal dysfunction, dyslipidemia, diabetes and subclinical atherosclerosis. The prevalence and onset of cardiovascular risk factors depends on the severity of the HDP and the coexistence of other pregnancy complications. At present, guidelines addressing postpartum cardiovascular risk assessment for women with HDP show a wide variation in their recommendations. This makes cardiovascular follow-up of women with a previous HDP confusing and non-coherent. Some guidelines advise to initiate cardiovascular follow-up (blood pressure, weight and lifestyle assessment) 6–8 weeks after pregnancy, whereas others recommend to start 6–12 months after pregnancy. Concurrent blood pressure monitoring, lipid and glucose assessment is recommended to be repeated annually to every 5 years until the age of 50 years when women will qualify for cardiovascular risk assessment according to all international cardiovascular prevention guidelines.

Modification of Cardiovascular Risk Factors during Antihypertensive Treatment: A Multicentre Trial with Quinapril

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Manzato ◽  
A Capurso ◽  
G Crepaldi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Intent To Treat

A large multicentre study involving 6003 [3044 males, 2959 females; mean (± SD) age 59 ± 11 years] mild-to-severe hypertensive patients was carried out to evaluate the effects of the angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril on blood pressure and on metabolic cardiovascular risk factors during 3 − 6 months' treatment (mean follow-up 90.4 days). The study population included 551 elderly [mean (± SD) age 71.9 ± 9.3 years] patients, 1314 subjects with diabetes mellitus and 154 non-diabetic patients with hyperlipaemia; 4% of patients were lost to follow-up. Diastolic blood pressure decreased from 102 to 87 mmHg (intent-to-treat analysis) and 62% of patients were normalized (diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg) at the last evaluable visit. Overall, serum lipids were favourably affected during quinapril treatment; when corrected for changes in body weight, a significant improvement in total, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides was detected. Quinapril treatment in elderly patients was efficacious and well tolerated, and quinapril appears to be an effective antihypertensive drug devoid of untoward effects on metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN RAILWAY CREWS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Kazidaeva ◽  
I. N. Sergunina ◽  
Yu. L. Venevtseva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Stabilization Of Parameters ◽  
Brachiocephalic Arteries

Aim. To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) and dynamics over 4 years in locomotory crews.Material and methods. One hundred train drivers and assistants aged 25-59 y.o. (mean age — 43,8±10,3 y.) were investigated in-patient with 24 hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring, ultrasound Doppler of brachiocephalic arteries, standard biochemistry. Fifty three persons were assessed prospectively from 2013 to 2017 y.Results. BP increase (essential hypertension of I-II grades with mild or moderate hypertension) was found in 78 persons, with the mean duration — 10,4±4,3 years, and age of onset — 37,0±8,5 y.o. Most commonly, the dyslipidemiaswerefound:hypertriglyceridemiain59%,hypercholesterolemia in 44%. Smokers — 39%, overweight — 37%, obese — 41%. Correlational analysis revealed significant direct correlation of triglycerides with body mass index (r=0,35), with glucose tolerance disorder (r=0,22) and hypertension (r=0,22), however there was negative correlation with smoking status (r=-0,25). In patients with hypertension, aged 25-39 (n=18), comparing to the group with the none (n=22), there were significantly higher: body mass index, cholesterol level, triglycerides level and low density lipoproteideslevelwiththeabsenceofdifferenceinhighdensitylipoproteides, smoking prevalence and family anamnesis of cardiovascular diseases. In prospective follow-up the negative dynamics of lipid profile was found in males of 25-39 y.o., and morphological presentation — lesions in brachiocephalic arteries, at the age 40-49 y. with stabilization of parameters at the age 50-59 y.o. Mean group levels of systolic and diastolic BP at daytime and at night in both timepoints were within normotension range in all groups, corresponding to “non-dipper” type.Conclusion. Most prevalent RF in railway crews were dyslipidemia and obesity. The adequacy of therapy prescribed in all age strata makes it to regard the raise of BP as modifiable RF.

scholarly journals Hypothetical interventions and risk of myocardial infarction in a general population: application of the parametric g-formula in a longitudinal cohort study—the Tromsø Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e035584
Author(s):  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Anne Merete Vangen-Lønne ◽  
Ellisiv Mathiesen ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Absolute Risk

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to use the parametric g-formula to estimate the 19-year risk of myocardial infarction (MI) under hypothetical interventions on six cardiovascular risk factors.Design and settingA populations-based cohort study with repeated measurements, the Tromsø Study.Primary outcome measureMyocardial infarction.ParticipantsWe estimated the relative and absolute risk reduction under feasible and intensive risk reduction strategies for smoking, physical activity, alcohol drinking, body mass index, total serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure in 14 965 men and women with 19 years of follow-up (1994–2013).ResultsThe estimated 19-year risk of MI under no intervention was 7.5% in individuals with baseline mean age 49.3 years (range 25–69). This risk was reduced by 30% (95% CI 19% to 39%) under joint feasible interventions on all risk factors, and 70% (60%, 78%) under a set of more intensive interventions. The most effective interventions were lowering of total cholesterol to 5.18 mmol/L and lowering of systolic blood pressure to 120 mm Hg (33% and 37% lower MI risk, respectively). The absolute risk reductions were significantly larger in men, in older participants, in smokers and in those with low education.ConclusionModification of population levels of cardiovascular risk factors could have prevented close to one-third of the cases of MI in the municipality of Tromsø during 19 years of follow-up.

Severe edentulism is a major risk factor influencing stroke incidence in rural Ecuador (The Atahualpa Project)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar H Del Brutto ◽  
Robertino M Mera ◽  
Mauricio Zambrano ◽  
Victor J Del Brutto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Atahualpa Project

Background There is no information on stroke incidence in rural areas of Latin America, where living conditions and cardiovascular risk factors are different from urban centers. Aim Using a population-based prospective cohort study design, we aimed to assess risk factors influencing stroke incidence in community-dwelling adults living in rural Ecuador. Methods First-ever strokes occurring from 1 June 2012 to 31 May 2016, in Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years, were identified from yearly door-to-door surveys and other overlapping sources. Poisson regression models adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, edentulism and the length of observation time per subject were used to estimate stroke incidence rate ratio as well as factors influencing such incidence. Results Of 807 stroke-free individuals prospectively enrolled in the Atahualpa Project, follow-up was achieved in 718 (89%), contributing 2,499 years of follow-up (average 3.48 ± 0.95 years). Overall stroke incidence rate was 2.97 per 100 person-years of follow-up (95% CI: 1.73–4.2), which increased to 4.77 (95% CI: 1.61–14.1) when only persons aged ≥57 years were considered. Poisson regression models, adjusted for relevant confounders, showed that high blood pressure (IRR: 5.24; 95% CI: 2.55–7.93) and severe edentulism (IRR: 5.06; 95% CI: 2.28–7.85) were the factors independently increasing stroke incidence. Conclusions Stroke incidence in this rural setting is comparable to that reported from the developed world. Besides age and high blood pressure, severe edentulism is a major factor independently predicting incident strokes. Public awareness of the consequences of poor dental care might reduce stroke incidence in rural settings.

Evaluation of Ischemic Heart Disease Factors in Hemophilia Patients in Khorramabad

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Nezami ◽  
Fariba Tarhani ◽  
Sina Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Predictor

Background: Evaluation of risk factors associated with coronary artery disease and cardiac health in hemophilia patients is necessary to prevent the onset of ischemic heart disease. In this study, we evaluated the cardiovascular status of hemophilic patients in Lorestan province for the early onset of ischemic heart disease. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 80 patients presenting severe hemophilia, the detailed questionnaire-based investigation was conducted to analyze the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in severe hemophilic patients. In patients with hemophilia, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, diabetes, LDL, cholesterol and HDL, the risk of cardiovascular death was estimated using a predictive risk predictor algorithm of Europe SCORE. Results: The mean age of the patients was 25 years where all the patients were non-diabetic. Echocardiography did not show any wall motion abnormality and changes in the T wave and dysrhythmia was also not seen by ECG. 7 patients had high blood pressure, 11 had abnormal HDL, and 1 had abnormal LDL. In this study, serum LDL and HDL levels were not significantly correlated with age and BMI. Conversely, age and BMI were significantly associated with hypertension. Hypertension was observed in people over the age of 25 years and in overweighed individuals.78.8% had normal BMI and 21.3% were overweighed. There was no significant correlation between serum LDL, serum HDL, and blood pressure and sex. The levels of abnormal LDL and HDL were higher in men than in women. Conclusion: ECG findings from our study did not report any significant cardiac abnormalities among hemophilic patients. Cardiovascular risk factors were not significantly correlated in these paitents.

P1523Comparative long-term outcomes among men and women after percutaneous coronary intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Procopi ◽  
M Zeitouni ◽  
M Kerneis ◽  
N Hammoudi ◽  
E Berman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background Comparative long-term outcomes among women and men treated with percutaneous intervention (PCI) are unknown. Objective To describe and compare mortality and predictors of poor outcomes among men and women who underwent PCI. Methods Consecutive men and women admitted for PCI between 2008 and 2011 were prospectively included and followed-up in this cohort study. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and causes of death were collected through consultations, calls and death certificate. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality according to gender. Secondary endpoints were cardiovascular death, non-cardiovascular death and MACCEs. Last detailed cardiovascular and vital status were collected in January 2019. Results A total of 3524 patients including 2720 men (77.1%) and 804 women (22.8%) were followed-up for a median time of 7.0 years (IQ1: 5.4; IQ 3: 7.2). The follow-up rate was 97.6%. Women were older at baseline (70±13.1 vs. 64.6±12), smoked less often (18.9% vs. 30.4%) but suffered more frequently of hypertension (67.9% vs. 58.1%) and chronic kidney disease (42.6% vs. 22.7%). All-cause death occurred for 30.3% (n=1070) and MACCE for 40.9% (n=1443) of patients in the cohort. In unadjusted analyses, women had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (35% vs 29%, HR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.09–1.43], p=0.0015) and cardiovascular mortality (61% vs. 57%, HR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.10–1.56]) but there was no difference on occurrence of MACCE (HR = 1.079, 95% CI = [0.9271–1.221]). After adjustments for baseline cardiovascular risk factors, presentation and severity of coronary disease, women and men shared a similar risk of mortality along time (adHR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.77–1.05]). Survival curves in women vs. men Conclusions In this long-term follow-up, women had a higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after PCI in unadjusted analyses. However, gender was not independently associated with mortality after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Patterns of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Old Age and Survival and Health Status at 90

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2207-2214
Author(s):  
Michelle C Odden ◽  
Andreea M Rawlings ◽  
Alice M Arnold ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Mary L Biggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lower Likelihood

Abstract Background The population age 90 years and older is the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population. Only recently is it possible to study the factors that portend survival to this age. Methods Among participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study, we studied the association of repeated measures of cardiovascular risk factors measured over 15–23 years of follow-up and not only survival to 90 years of age, but also healthy aging outcomes among the population who reached age 90. We included participants aged 67–75 years at baseline (n = 3,613/5,888) to control for birth cohort effects, and followed participants until death or age 90 (median follow-up = 14.7 years). Results Higher systolic blood pressure was associated with a lower likelihood of survival to age 90, although this association was attenuated at older ages (p-value for interaction <.001) and crossed the null for measurements taken in participants’ 80’s. Higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI) were associated with greater longevity. Among the survivors to age 90, those with worse cardiovascular profile (high blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, glucose, and BMI; low HDL cholesterol) had lower likelihood of remaining free of cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and disability. Conclusion In summary, we observed paradoxical associations between some cardiovascular risk factors and survival to old age; whereas, among those who survive to very old age, these risk factors were associated with higher risk of adverse health outcomes.

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