Galectin-3, a marker of cardiac remodeling, is inversely related to serum levels of marine omega-3 fatty acids. A cross-sectional study

Background: High oxidative stress, which is caused by smoking, can alter omega-3 fatty acid concentrations. Since omega-3 fatty acids play a role in dopaminergic neurotransmission related to dependence, it is important to understand their effects on nicotine dependence. Methods: This research comprised 2 studies. The first one consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation, in which the levels of the most important omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were compared between smokers and non-smokers in a sample of 171 individuals; of them, 120 were smokers and 51 were non-smokers. The other study was a clinical, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, in which 63 smokers received daily treatment with capsules of fish oil (a source of omega-3/3 g/day) or mineral oil (used as placebo, also 3 g/day), taken 3 times a day for 90 days. Each fish oil capsules contained approximately 210.99 mg EPA and 129.84 mg of DHA. The outcome was evaluated by means of psychometric and biological measures as well as self-reports of tobacco use. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning of treatment and once a month thereafter (total of 4 times). Outcomes: The omega-3 fatty acid lipid profile showed that smokers present lower concentrations of DHA. After treatment, the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in their levels of dependence. Interpretation: Smokers showed lower peripheral levels of omega-3, and treatment with the most important omega-3 fatty acids brought about a reduction in nicotine dependence.

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FADS2 Variants are Associated with Omega-6 Metabolic Conversion in Serbian Adults in a cross-sectional study – Implications for Precision Nutrition Practice

10.21203/rs.2.19133/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Manja Zec ◽

Ljiljana Stojković ◽

Milica Zeković ◽

Biljana Pokimica ◽

Maja Živković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽

Plasma Phospholipid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽

Omega 6

Abstract Background High omega-6/omega-3 intake ratio in westernized world is of concern. FADS genes variants are associated with plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in diverse ethnicities and might modulate plasma omega-6/omega-3 net balance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between FADS genetic variants with dietary fat and macronutrient intake, plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile, estimated plasma desaturase activity and cardiometabolic risk factors, in a sample of Serbian subjects.Methods Non-smoking adult volunteers (>28 years), free of acute or chronic disease were included. Food and nutrient data were compiled through 24h recalls for non-consecutive days. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid content was assessed by gas-chromatography. Selection of FADS2 variants (rs174593, rs174616 and rs174576) was based on its positional and functional aspect, and evidence-based data. Genotyping was performed by using Real-Time PCR. Estimated desaturase activities were calculated as conversion rates towards LC-PUFA in omega-6 pathway. Multivariable-adjusted general linear were applied and the contribution of minor alleles to the variability of physiological parameters was analyzed by multivariable hierarchical multiple regression models.Results Sample included 34 men and 54 women, mean age=40±7years, with 70% being overweight (BMI>25). Minor allele frequencies were 33%, 36% and 51% for rs174593, rs174576 and rs174616, respectively, in line with other populations. None of the three variants was associated with food or nutrient intake, serum lipids, or obesity (p>0.05). Irrespective of gender, age, total daily polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid intake and obesity, rs174593, rs174616 and rs174576 were associated with lower arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 n-6, p<0.001) and estimated desaturase-5 activity (p<0.001) in plasma phospholipids. The rs174576 associations with AA withstood multiple testing and additional adjustments for other variants.Conclusion We observed inverse associations between FADS2 variants and plasma phospholipid AA but not omega-3 fatty acids in a sample of Serbian adults, and larger cohorts should confirm the associations. In our study FADS2 rs174576 exhibited the strongest associations, and future gene-dietary studies with varying omega-6/omega-3 intake should validate its suitability for precision nutrition strategies aimed at PUFA recommendations in Serbian population.Trial registration This is a cross-sectional study, forming part of larger intervention study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02800967.

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Maternal omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in pregnancy decreases MMP-1 levels in breastmilk: a cross-sectional study

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ◽

10.1080/14767058.2020.1814241 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ozlem Naciye Sahin ◽

Aysel Ozpinar ◽

Muhittin Serdar

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

In Pregnancy

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and plasma fatty acids of school going Indian children - a cross-sectional study

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids ◽

10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102294 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102294

Author(s):

Devaraj Parasannanavar ◽

Indraja Gaddam ◽

Tulja Bukya ◽

Ahamed Ibrahim S ◽

Suryam Reddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Indian Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Plasma Fatty Acids

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Intake Frequency of Fish and Serum Levels of Long-chain n-3 Fatty Acids: A Cross-sectional Study within the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.2188/jea.15.211 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 211-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Kenji Wakai ◽

Yoshinori Ito ◽

Masayo Kojima ◽

Shinkan Tokudome ◽

Kotaro Ozasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Long Chain

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Omega-3 Index and Clinical Outcomes of Severe COVID-19: Preliminary Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7722

Author(s):

Rodrigo Zapata B. ◽

José Miguel Müller ◽

Juan Enrique Vásquez ◽

Franco Ravera ◽

Gustavo Lago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Blood Marker ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Biometric Indices

The potentially detrimental effects of the worldwide deficiency of Omega-3 fatty acids on the COVID-19 pandemic have been underestimated. The Omega-3 Index (O3I), clinical variables, biometric indices, and nutritional information were directly determined for 74 patients with severe COVID-19 and 10 healthy quality-control subjects. The relationships between the OI3 and mechanical ventilation (MV) and death were analyzed. Results: Patients with COVID-19 exhibited low O3I (mean: 4.15%; range: 3.06–6.14%)—consistent with insufficient fish and Omega-3 supplement consumption, and markedly lower than the healthy control subjects (mean: 7.84%; range: 4.65–10.71%). Inverse associations were observed between O3I and MV (OR = 0.459; C.I.: 0.211–0.997) and death (OR = 0.28; C.I.: 0.08–0.985) in severe COVID-19, even after adjusting for sex, age, and well-known risk factors. Conclusion: We present preliminary evidence to support the hypothesis that the risk of severe COVID-19 can be stratified by the O3I quartile. Further investigations are needed to assess the value of the O3I as a blood marker for COVID-19.

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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) status in severe preeclampsia and preterm birth: a cross sectional study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93846-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rima Irwinda ◽

Rabbania Hiksas ◽

Aprilia Asthasari Siregar ◽

Yudianto Budi Saroyo ◽

Noroyono Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Severe Preeclampsia ◽

Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Omega 6 ◽

Long Chain

AbstractLong-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LCPUFA) is essential throughout pregnancy, since deficiency of LPUFA may linked to obstetrical complications. This study aimed to investigate LCPUFA status in severe preeclampsia and preterm birth. A cross sectional study was conducted in 104 pregnant women, which divided into normal pregnancy, severe preeclampsia and preterm birth groups. Serum percentage and concentration of total LCPUFA, omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega-6, linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Severe preeclampsia showed the highest concentration of total PUFA and the lowest DHA percentage, with significantly higher Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio (p = 0.004) and lower omega-3 index (p < 0.002) compared to control. Preterm birth showed the least omega-3 concentrations, with significantly low omega-6 derivates (LA (p = 0.014) and AA (p = 0.025)) compared to control. LCPUFA parameters have shown to increase the risk in both conditions, particularly ALA ≤ 53 µmol/L in preeclampsia with OR 5.44, 95%CI 1.16–25.42 and preterm birth with OR 4.68, 95%CI 1.52–14.38. These findings suggest that severe preeclampsia and preterm birth have an imbalance in LCPUFA status.

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Higher Omega-3 Index Is Associated with Better Asthma Control and Lower Medication Dose: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Isobel Stoodley ◽

Manohar Garg ◽

Hayley Scott ◽

Lesley Macdonald-Wicks ◽

Bronwyn Berthon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Asthma Control ◽

Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽

Asthma Management ◽

Airway Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Erythrocyte Membranes ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Asthma Control Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, associated with systemic inflammation. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have established anti-inflammatory effects, thus having potential as an adjunct therapy in asthma. This study aimed to compare erythrocyte n-3 PUFA in adults with (n = 255) and without (n = 137) asthma and determine the relationship between erythrocyte n-3 PUFA and clinical asthma outcomes. Subjects had blood collected, lung function measured and Juniper Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score calculated. Fatty acids were measured in erythrocyte membranes by gas chromatography, and the omega-3 index (O3I) was calculated (% eicosapentaenoic acid + % docosahexaenoic acid). O3I was similar in subjects with and without asthma (p = 0.089). A higher O3I was observed in subjects with controlled or partially controlled asthma (ACQ < 1.5) compared to subjects with uncontrolled asthma (ACQ ≥ 1.5) (6.0% (5.4–7.2) versus 5.6% (4.6–6.4) p = 0.033). Subjects with a high O3I (≥8%) had a lower maintenance dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) compared to those with a low O3I (<8%) (1000 μg (400–1000) versus 1000 μg (500–2000) p = 0.019). This study demonstrates that a higher O3I is associated with better asthma control and with lower ICS dose, suggesting that a higher erythrocyte n-3 PUFA level may have a role in asthma management.

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