Transabdominal ultrasonography: A non-invasive method for diagnosing vaginal atrophy

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Ahkam Göksel Kanmaz ◽  
Abdurrahman Hamdi İnan ◽  
Emrah Beyan ◽  
Adnan Budak ◽  
Emrah Töz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Vaginal Atrophy ◽  
Painful Symptom ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Definition Of

Objective Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is a definition of all symptoms caused by hypoestrogenemia in menopausal age and one of the most common symptoms is vaginal atrophy. The diagnosis methods which are used for vaginal atrophy may be painful. A novel method total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness measuring could be determine vaginal atrophy. Material and methods This is a prospective case–control study involving 60 women in each group of 120 patients. One of the groups is comprised postmenopausal, histopathologically diagnosed vaginal atrophic women and the other group comprised 24–35 aged women who were no symptoms of vaginal atrophy and vaginal swab samples are not compatible with vaginal atrophy. All women who participated in the study underwent transabdominal ultrasound and total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness were measured. Results Total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness were found lower in the postmenopausal group compared to premenopausal women ( p = 0.005 and p = 0.07, respectively). The cutoff value was determined as 8.55 mm for total vaginal thickness and 1.52 mm for total mucosal thickness, and the diagnostic power of these values is a specificity of 88.89% (95% confidence interval: 51.75–99.72%) and a ppv of 92.86% (95% confidence interval: 66.53–98.84%) for total vaginal thickness and a specificity of 80.95% (95% confidence interval: 58.09–94.55%) and a ppv of 89.47% (95% confidence interval: 71.10–96.71%) for total mucosal thickness. Conclusion Vaginal atrophy is a painful symptom for menopausal women and the diagnostic methods may be invasive and painful too. Total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness measuring with transabdominal ultrasound could be an alternative method for diagnosis and treat vaginal atrophy easily.

scholarly journals Failure of Routine Diagnostic Methods to Detect Influenza in Hospitalized Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Keipp Talbot ◽  
John V. Williams ◽  
Yuwei Zhu ◽  
Katherine A. Poehling ◽  
Marie R. Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
Hospitalized Older Adults ◽  
Definition Of

Objective.To define the utility of using routine diagnostic methods to detect influenza in older, hospitalized adults.Design.Descriptive study.Setting.One academic hospital and 1 community hospital during the 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 influenza seasons.Participants.Hospitalized adults 50 years of age or older.Methods.Adults who were 50 years of age or older and hospitalized with symptoms of respiratory illness were enrolled and tested for influenza by use of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using RT-PCR as the gold standard, we assessed the performances of rapid antigen tests and conventional influenza culture and the diagnostic use of the clinical definition of influenza-like illness.Results.Influenza was detected by use of RT-PCR in 26 (11%) of 228 patients enrolled in our study. The sensitivity of the rapid antigen test performed at bedside by research staff members was 19.2% (95% confidence interval, 8.51%–37.9%); the sensitivity of conventional influenza culture was 34.6% (95% confidence interval, 19.4%–53.8%). The ability to detect influenza with both the rapid antigen test and culture was associated with patients with a higher viral load (P= .002 andP= .001, respectively). The ability to diagnose influenza by use of the clinical definition of influenza-like illness had a higher sensitivity (80.8%) but lacked specificity (40.6%).Conclusion.Because rapid antigen testing and viral culture have poor sensitivity (19.2% and 34.6%, respectively), neither testing method is sufficient to use to determine what type of isolation procedures to implement in a hospital setting.

scholarly journals miRNAs and lncRNAs: Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Endometriosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Ioana Maria Maier ◽  
Adrian Cornel Maier
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Minimally Invasive Methods ◽  
Exploratory Laparoscopy

Many studies have tried to understand the mechanism of endometriosis and its manner of manifestation. However, the only method of diagnosis considered as the gold standard in endometriosis is an invasive method called exploratory laparoscopy. Hence, there is a need to identify non-invasive or minimally invasive methods to minimize patients’ suffering, thus increasing their addressability at the earliest possible staging of the disease, and to diagnose this condition as soon as possible. miRNAs (microRNAs) and lncRNAs (long-noncoding RNAs) are potential non-invasive diagnostic methods for endometriosis. Multiple clinical trials indicate that miRNA can be used as a non-invasive method in the diagnosis and differentiation of endometriosis stages.

Internet Addiction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Shaun Joseph Smyth ◽  
Kevin Curran ◽  
Nigel McKelvey
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Personal Wellbeing ◽  
Excessive Internet Use ◽  
Definition Of

Internet addiction (IA) is typically defined as a condition where an individual has lost control of their internet use and proceeds to use the internet excessively to the point where he/she experiences problematic consequences which ultimately have a negative effect on his/her life. The authors examine what constitutes an addiction, the definition of internet addiction, the complications which exist in the various diagnostic methods of successfully diagnosing internet addiction, the criticism some of these diagnostic methods have taken and the effects of excessive internet use by both students and employees. They also highlight those individuals who are of increased risk of developing this condition including positive diagnosis of the addiction and the resultant effects it has on the individual's family life, employment, social life and personal wellbeing, before finally looking at possible methods and treatments that can be employed for treating internet addiction.

scholarly journals Recommended Definitions of Aggressive Prostate Cancer for Etiologic Epidemiologic Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M Hurwitz ◽  
Ilir Agalliu ◽  
Demetrius Albanes ◽  
Kathryn Hughes Barry ◽  
Sonja I Berndt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Epidemiologic Research ◽  
Aggressive Prostate Cancer ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fatal Prostate Cancer

Abstract Background In the era of widespread prostate-specific antigen testing, it is important to focus etiologic research on the outcome of aggressive prostate cancer, but studies have defined this outcome differently. We aimed to develop an evidence-based consensus definition of aggressive prostate cancer using clinical features at diagnosis for etiologic epidemiologic research. Methods Among prostate cancer cases diagnosed in 2007 in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-18 database with follow-up through 2017, we compared the performance of categorizations of aggressive prostate cancer in discriminating fatal prostate cancer within 10 years of diagnosis, placing the most emphasis on sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). Results In our case population (n = 55 900), 3073 men died of prostate cancer within 10 years. Among 12 definitions that included TNM staging and Gleason score, sensitivities ranged from 0.64 to 0.89 and PPVs ranged from 0.09 to 0.23. We propose defining aggressive prostate cancer as diagnosis of category T4 or N1 or M1 or Gleason score of 8 or greater prostate cancer, because this definition had one of the higher PPVs (0.23, 95% confidence interval = 0.22 to 0.24) and reasonable sensitivity (0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.64 to 0.67) for prostate cancer death within 10 years. Results were similar across sensitivity analyses. Conclusions We recommend that etiologic epidemiologic studies of prostate cancer report results for this definition of aggressive prostate cancer. We also recommend that studies separately report results for advanced category (T4 or N1 or M1), high-grade (Gleason score ≥8), and fatal prostate cancer. Use of this comprehensive set of endpoints will facilitate comparison of results from different studies and help elucidate prostate cancer etiology.

scholarly journals Diagnostic methods for extra-temporal neocortical focal epilepsies: present and future

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo André Amorim Leite ◽  
Maria Concépcion Garcia Otaduy ◽  
Gilson Edmar Gonçalves e Silva ◽  
Maria Lúcia Brito Ferreira ◽  
Maria de Fátima Vasco Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Proton Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Video Eeg

The progress of epilepsies diagnosis has been great, but, amongst the diagnostic detailing that demand research, one of the most important is the essential lateralization and localization of epileptogenic zone, considered as the cerebral cortex region, that removed, will result in a free state of seizures. The present study aims to analyze the possible uses of proton spectroscopy for clinical and pre-surgical evaluation of focal extratemporal epilepsies, since this group presents the highest difficulty degree for lateralizing and locating epileptogenic zones. In almost all cases, a non invasive diagnosis can be performed using routine electroencephalography, video-electroencephalography - considered as gold standard, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, when the results of these exams are contradictory, some patients need invasive techniques, as the intra-cranial video-EEG, using deep electrodes, sub-dural strip and grid, that are associated with increased diagnostic cost and risk of complications, as cerebral hemorrhages and intra-cranial infections. Proton spectroscopy appears as a possibility, given its capacity to evaluate cerebral metabolism, by N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre) and choline (Cho) concentrations, amongst other metabolites. This non invasive method may provide time reduction of this evaluation and reliable level improvement for this topographical diagnosis.

scholarly journals Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Clinical and Bench Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Legout ◽  
Eric Senneville
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Substantial Cost ◽  
Prosthetic Infection ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections ◽  
Definition Of

Prosthetic joint infection is a devastating complication with high morbidity and substantial cost. The incidence is low but probably underestimated. Despite a significant basic and clinical research in this field, many questions concerning the definition of prosthetic infection as well the diagnosis and the management of these infections remained unanswered. We review the current literature about the new diagnostic methods, the management and the prevention of prosthetic joint infections.

An evaluation of the usefulness of invasive and non-invasive methods used to diagnose Helicobacter spp. infections in dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jankowski ◽  
J. Spużak ◽  
K. Kubiak ◽  
K. Glińska-Suchocka ◽  
M. Biernat
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Gastric Biopsy ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Pcr Method

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the suitability of invasive and non-invasive methods used to diagnose Helicobacter spp. in the stomachs of dogs. The study was carried out on 30 dogs of both sexes and different breeds, between one and 15 years old. A histopathologic examination, a microbiological culture, a rapid urease test, a direct bacteriological preparation and a nested PCR assay were carried out. Gastric Helicobacter spp. was identified in gastric biopsy specimens from 16 (53.3%) dogs using direct bacteriological preparation, in four (13.3%) dogs based on a culture, in 23 (76.6%) dogs using the rapid urease test and in 21 (70,0%) dogs based on a histopathological assessment of the biopsy specimens. The nested PCR of the gastric biopsy specimens revealed gastric Helicobacter spp. in all the dogs (100%). A saliva PCR assay revealed gastric Helicobacter spp. in 23 (76.6%) dogs, while stool PCR revealed the bacterium in seven (23.3%) dogs. We found that invasive methods were more accurate than non-invasive methods in detecting a Helicobacter spp. infection in dogs. In addition, the nested PCR method used to evaluate the gastric mucosal biopsy specimens was the most accurate test for detecting Helicobacter spp. It was further found that the PCR-based saliva assay was the best non-invasive method for detecting Helicobacter spp. However, taking into consideration that most of the diagnostic methods used to detect this bacterium have drawbacks, at least two diagnostic methods should be used to detect Helicobacter spp. as is done in human medicine.

scholarly journals Genetic status of patients with colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-337
Author(s):  
Evgeny Kulikov ◽  
Sergey Mertsalov ◽  
Vladimir Grigorenko
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Work Done

Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common tumors. In the structure of cancer mortality in Russia, tumors of this localization occupy the second place among persons of both sexes, giving way to the cancer of the trachea and bronchi in men, and breast cancer in women, respectively. Despite modern diagnostic methods and approaches to treatment, the problem of colorectal cancer remains acute due to increasing morbidity throughout the world, and recently there has been a downward trend in the average age of patients, which increases the social significance of the problem.  According to the modern concept of carcinogenesis, assessment of the influence of genetic factors on the development of tumors of this localization looks very promising. Research aimed at finding a connection between genetic markers, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes and their contribution to the problem of colorectal cancer is one of the most studied directions in modern oncology. In this review, the work done related to the role of gene polymorphisms in the development and therapy of colorectal cancer was evaluated. The works were searched for in the databases of PubMed and Cyber Leninka. The known data about some genes participating in different processes of human organism are given. The data on sensitization and protective effects of polymorphisms of genes, the effect of polymorphisms on the result of treatment of colorectal cancer are presented. The necessity of further work in this direction in order to search for genetic markers and the possibility of implementing the definition of gene polymorphism in clinical practice for personalization of treatment of patients with colorectal cancer are discussed.  

scholarly journals Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome of adults: current ideas about predictors development of damage of a myocardium and diagnostics of components of a disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras S. Panevin ◽  
Natalia V. Molashenko ◽  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Elena N. Golovenko
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
Endocrine Insufficiency ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Instrumental Methods

The autoimmune polyglandular syndrome of adults (APS) is characterized by the damage of two and more endocrine glands leading more often to development of their hormonal insufficiency. The basis of most autoimmune endocrine diseases is lymphoid and macrophage infiltration of the target organ. Often in patients with one autoimmune disease, other components of the APS appear after a some time of latent period. Besides defeat organs of endocrine system which are including to the APS also not endocrine organs can be part of autoimmune defeat. Although defeat of cardiovascular system is not included in the structure of the APS, in some clinical cases development of damage of a myocardium in the absence of clinically shown damage of heart against the background of the combined autoimmune endocrine pathology is described. The saved-up clinical this development of damage of a myocardium on the background of autoimmune endocrine insufficiency and also laboratory and instrumental methods of diagnostics is presented in the review at this state. The most promising diagnostic methods for this condition are the determination of autoantibodies to myocardial components and magnetic resonance imaging of the heart. In clinical practice, it is possible to widely use the definition of antibodies to myocardium by indirect immunofluorescence, as well as using standardized immunoenzyme test systems.The saved-up clinical this development of damage of a myocardium on the background of autoimmune endocrine insufficiency and also laboratory and instrumental methods of diagnostics is presented in the review at this state.

scholarly journals Estimated Number of Lifetime Ovulatory Years and Its Determinants in Relation to Levels of Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (7) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyi Huang ◽  
Amy L Shafrir ◽  
A Heather Eliassen ◽  
Kathryn M Rexrode ◽  
Shelley S Tworoger
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Age At Menopause ◽  
Reproductive Events

Abstract Reproductive events, such as ovulation, trigger an inflammatory cascade. Few studies have examined their long-term influence on inflammatory profiles. We included 3,393 premenopausal and 3,915 postmenopausal women with intact ovaries/uterus from the Nurses’ Health studies (Nurses’ Health Study (1989–1990) and Nurses’ Health Study II (1996–1999)) in an analysis of the association between lifetime ovulatory years (LOY) and levels of inflammatory biomarkers. We estimated LOY as age at menopause (age at blood collection for premenopausal women) minus age at menarche, subtracting years of oral contraceptive (OC) use and 1 year per pregnancy. After adjustment for other inflammation-related factors (e.g., body mass index, exercise, diet), every 5-year increase in LOY was associated with lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in both premenopausal (difference = −11.5%, 95% confidence interval: −15.0, −8.0; P < 0.0001) and postmenopausal (difference = −7.2%, 95% confidence interval: −10.0, −4.3; P < 0.0001) women. Older age at menopause (P = 0.007), earlier menarche (P = 0.007), and shorter duration of OC use (P = 0.002) were associated with lower CRP levels in postmenopausal women, whereas duration of OC use was positively associated with CRP levels in premenopausal women (P < 0.0001). LOY was modestly inversely associated with interleukin 6 in postmenopausal women (P = 0.03). Notably, the associations of CRP with LOY were similar in magnitude to associations with exercise and a healthy diet, though weaker than the association with body mass index. Although many reproductive events induce acute inflammation, increased LOY was associated with lower chronic systemic inflammation even after menopause.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document