scholarly journals Angular similarity in test parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 205979912098778
Author(s):  
Satyendra Nath Chakrabartty
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Polychoric Correlations ◽  
Item Statistics ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Measure Of Association ◽  
Angular Similarity ◽  
Bivariate Normality ◽  
Underlying Variable

Through N-dimensional person space, the article gives measures of test parameters and item statistics, including difficulty/discriminating value of test, correlations between a pair of items, and item-total correlations with binary items using angular similarity between two vectors. Relationships between difficulty value and discriminating value of items and test were derived, including relationship between test reliability and test discriminating value. Reliability of a test as per theoretical definition in terms of length of score vectors of two parallel subtests and angle between such vectors was derived. The method was extended to find reliability of a battery of tests. Reliability and discriminating value of a Likert-type item and scale was found in terms of angular similarity without involving assumptions of continuous nature or linearity or normality for the observed variables, or the underlying variable being measured. The proposed methods also avoid test of unidimensionality or assumption of normality or bivariate normality associated with the polychoric correlations. Thus, the proposed methods are in fact nonparametric and considered as improvement over the existing ones. Reliability as a measure of association of two vectors and discrimination as a measure of distance between the vectors are likely to show a negative relationship.

scholarly journals Improved Quality: Item and Test parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyendra Nath Chakrabartty
Keyword(s):  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Quality Item ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Type Test ◽  
Angular Similarity ◽  
Item Reliability

Introduction:  Quality of a MCQ type test depends on qualities of the constituent items, assessed in terms of item reliability, item difficulty value, item discriminating value, etc. However, quality of a test involving reliability, validity, difficulty and discriminating values of the test etc. requires new approaches. Need is felt to find difficulty and discriminating values of an item and test using entire data and  to derive relationships amongst them including relationship with test reliability to see impact of item deletion. Methods: Using angular similarity approach, measures proposed for item difficulty and item discriminating value, difficulty and discriminating value of test. Relationship derived between (i) difficulty value and discriminating value of item; (ii) difficulty value and discriminating value of a test (iii) test discriminating value and test reliability as per theoretical definition. Cronbach alpha was expressed using sum of item difficulty values and test discriminating value Results and Discussion: Each proposed measure ranges between 0 to 1. Discriminating value of test and item as coefficient of variation satisfy desired properties and facilitates population estimations. Intersection of item difficulty and item discriminating curves provides a data driven criterion for item deletion, impact of which on test reliability may be checked.  In addition, the proposed measures facilitate testing of statistical hypothesis of departure of test reliability from unity, confidence interval of reliability, etc. Future problems suggested.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Job Insecurity Terhadap Turnover Intention Pada Buruh di Kabupaten Kudus (Studi Kasus Pada PT. Pura Barutama Unit Offset Divisi Produksi)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Farizka Ayuningtyas ◽  
Hari Susanta Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Questionnaire Method

Human resources is an important factor in the company as it can support the achievement of goals in the company. Hence, the company must maintain human resources in order not to leave the company and find work in other companies. So to suppress human resources especially laborers out of the company (turn over intention) the company should pay attention to the factors that support turnover intention, including compensation and job insecurity factors. This study aims to determine the effect of compensation and job insecurity on turnover intention in the case study at PT. Pura Barutama Unit Offset Production Division. This type of research using explanatory research and sampling technique using a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling method, data collection technique using the questionnaire method. Thenumber of samples used in this study as many as 100 respondents. This research uses quantitative and qualitative analysis with validity test, reliability test, correlation coefficient, the coefficient of determination, simple regression and multiple tests, and significance of T and F test. The results of this study indicate that the compensation and job insecurity variables have a strong influence on turnover intention variables. The compensation variable has a strong influence as well as the direction of a negative relationship to the turnover intention variable. While job insecurity variables have a very strong influence and have a positive relationship direction to the variable turnover intention.

Logistics Performance Index: Methodological Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-477
Author(s):  
Satyendra Nath Chakrabartty
Keyword(s):  
Performance Index ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Logistics Performance Index ◽  
Bivariate Normality ◽  
Underlying Variable

This article addresses limitations of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and suggests remedies. Reliability of the instrument used in LPI may be better found by Angular Association method or Bhattacharyya’s measure, using only the frequencies or probabilities of item–response categories without involving assumptions of continuous nature or linearity or normality for the observed variables or the underlying variable being measured. The suggested methods also avoid test of uni-dimensionality, assumption of normality, bivariate normality. The problems of outlying observations and linear assumptions in principal component analysis for finding reliability theta are also avoided in each proposed method. Geometric mean approach provides a better alternative to compute LPI scores avoiding scaling and calculation of weights satisfies many desired properties and reduces level of substitutability between components, facilitates statistical test of equality of two geometric means and identifies critical areas for corrective measures. Such identifications are important from a policy point of view. The graph of LPI for a country over a long period of time reflects pattern of growth of LPI for the country. The method helps to rank and benchmark the countries, if the target vector is taken as LPI score of the best performing country. JEL Codes: C43, C54

scholarly journals Assessment of Item and Test parameters: Cosine Similarity Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Satyendra Nath CHAKRABARTTY
Keyword(s):  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Item Score ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Score Vector ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Observed Score ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
Item Item

The paper proposes new measures of difficulty and discriminating values of binary items and test consisting of such items and find their relationships including estimation of test error variance and thereby the test reliability, as per definition using cosine similarities. The measures use entire data. Difficulty value of test and item is defined as function of cosine of the angle between the observed score vector and the maximum possible score vector. Discriminating value of test and an item are taken as coefficient of variation (CV) of test score and item score respectively. Each ranges between 0 and 1 like difficulty value of test and an item. With increase in number of correct answer to an item, item difficulty curve increases and item discriminating curve decreases. The point of intersection of the two curves can be used for item deletion along with other criteria. Cronbach alpha was expressed and computed in terms of discriminating value of test and item. Relationship derived between test discriminating value and test reliability as per theoretical definition. Empirical verifications of proposed measures were undertaken. Future studies suggested.re to enter text.

Testing Categorized Bivariate Normality With Two-Stage Polychoric Correlation Estimates

Methodology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Maydeu-Olivares ◽  
Carlos García-Forero ◽  
David Gallardo-Pujol ◽  
Jordi Renom
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Polychoric Correlation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Polychoric Correlations ◽  
Asymptotically Efficient ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Bivariate Normality

Structural equation modeling (SEM) with ordinal indicators rely on an assumption of categorized normality. This assumption may be tested for pairs of variables using the likelihood ratio G2 or Pearson’s X2 statistics. For increased computational efficiency, SEM programs usually estimate polychoric correlations in two stages. However, two-stage polychoric estimates are not asymptotically efficient and G2 and X2 need not be asymptotically chi-square when the estimator is not efficient. Recently, Maydeu-Olivares and Joe (2005) have introduced a new statistic, Mn , that is asymptotically chi-square even for estimators that are not efficient. We investigate the behavior of G2, X2, and Mn when testing underlying bivariate normality with polychoric correlations estimated in two stages.

Is the Personal Always Political?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Osborne ◽  
Yannick Dufresne ◽  
Gregory Eady ◽  
Jennifer Lees-Marshment ◽  
Cliff van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Knowledge Based

Abstract. Research demonstrates that the negative relationship between Openness to Experience and conservatism is heightened among the informed. We extend this literature using national survey data (Study 1; N = 13,203) and data from students (Study 2; N = 311). As predicted, education – a correlate of political sophistication – strengthened the negative relationship between Openness and conservatism (Study 1). Study 2 employed a knowledge-based measure of political sophistication to show that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction was restricted to the Openness aspect of Openness. These studies demonstrate that knowledge helps people align their ideology with their personality, but that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction is specific to one aspect of Openness – nuances that are overlooked in the literature.

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

Pengaruh Tekanan Waktu, Locus Of Control , Tindakan Supervisi, Dan Materialitas Terhadap Penghentian Prematur Atas Prosedur Audit Studi Kasus Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Sulastiningsih Sulastiningsih ◽  
Intan Ayu Candra
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Premature Termination ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Public Accountant

The purpose of this study is to prove: (1) Time pressure, locus of control, the action of supervision and materiality partially affect the premature termination of the audit procedures (2) Time pressure, locus of control, supervision and materiality simultaneously affect the premature termination on the audit procedures. This research was conducted in Public Accountant firm in Yogyakarta region of which total 12 samples of KAP, by distributing 105 questionnaires, and 57 questionnaires were returned (54%). 34 of the returned questionnaires can be processed (34%). The samples in this study were determined by using non-probability sampling, one of purposive sampling methods. Data analysis consisted of: (1) validity test, reliability test and classical assumption. The result showed that the instruments used are quite reliable and valid (2) multiple linear regression analysis. The results are (a) Some of independent variables partially affect premature termination of the audit procedure, while the action of supervision does not influence premature termination of audit procedures (b) All independent variables influence simultaneously to the premature termination of the audit procedures (c) All independent variables showed that as much as 55% it affects on premature termination of the audit procedures, the rest of it are influenced by other variables. (3) Friedman Test. The result shows that there are order of priority of audit procedures being terminated.

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