scholarly journals “I Need My Children to Know That I Will Always Be Here for Them”: Young Care Leavers’ Experiences With Their Own Motherhood in Buenos Aires, Argentina

SAGE Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401881991
Author(s):  
Lucía Coler
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Care Leavers ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship

For care leavers in Argentina, the transition to an autonomous lifestyle is a process that begins at 18 years old when they are no longer protected by Children’s Rights laws. This transition is particularly challenging without any family support, and studies have demonstrated that female care leavers are likely to have children within the first few years after leaving care. The aim of this research is to explore and analyze young women’s identities, experiences, and perceptions about their own motherhood and family relationships after leaving the institutional care system in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Throughout a qualitative, small-scale study using life-history interviews, an insight of how these young women’s life experiences have influenced their identities is obtained. In this respect, the findings suggest that female care leavers offer a different type of childhood to their own children than the childhood they experienced, thus providing security, health, education, and love for their children. Moreover, an ambivalent relationship with their birth families has encouraged these women to develop their autonomy with new, meaningful bonds. Finally, motherhood and community participation have empowered these young women and promoted their agency.

scholarly journals Accurate age estimation in small-scale societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (31) ◽  
pp. 8205-8210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoan Diekmann ◽  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Pascale Gerbault ◽  
Mark Dyble ◽  
Abigail E. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Ranking Order

Precise estimation of age is essential in evolutionary anthropology, especially to infer population age structures and understand the evolution of human life history diversity. However, in small-scale societies, such as hunter-gatherer populations, time is often not referred to in calendar years, and accurate age estimation remains a challenge. We address this issue by proposing a Bayesian approach that accounts for age uncertainty inherent to fieldwork data. We developed a Gibbs sampling Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that produces posterior distributions of ages for each individual, based on a ranking order of individuals from youngest to oldest and age ranges for each individual. We first validate our method on 65 Agta foragers from the Philippines with known ages, and show that our method generates age estimations that are superior to previously published regression-based approaches. We then use data on 587 Agta collected during recent fieldwork to demonstrate how multiple partial age ranks coming from multiple camps of hunter-gatherers can be integrated. Finally, we exemplify how the distributions generated by our method can be used to estimate important demographic parameters in small-scale societies: here, age-specific fertility patterns. Our flexible Bayesian approach will be especially useful to improve cross-cultural life history datasets for small-scale societies for which reliable age records are difficult to acquire.

scholarly journals Stable ringed seal (Pusa hispida) demography despite significant habitat change in Svalbard, Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Andersen ◽  
Kit M. Kovacs ◽  
Christian Lydersen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Ringed Seal ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Ringed Seals ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Circumpolar Arctic

Ringed seals, which are small phocid seals, range across the circumpolar Arctic, and have evolved in close association with sea ice and depend on it for all aspects of their life history. This research study compares age structure, reproductive parameters, body size and condition during three time periods—1981–82 (n = 277), 2002–04 (n = 272) and 2012–18 (n = 212)—to study potential changes in demography in ringed seals in western Svalbard, Norway, an area that has undergone dramatic changes in sea-ice conditions during recent decades. Age distributions for the three time periods were similar, with the exception that the most recent period had a higher proportion of young animals. Age at sexual maturity for both sexes was similar for the two most recent periods, both being lower than in the 1980s. Ovulation rates did not vary significantly among the three periods (range 0.86–0.94). Pregnancy rates were only available for the most recent study period (0.71); this value falls within the range reported from other Arctic regions. Body length showed no clear temporal patterns; males were slightly longer in the most recent period, while females were slightly longer in the first period. Data from May in all periods suggest that body condition has not varied significantly through time. In conclusion, although the ringed seal breeding habitat in Svalbard has declined significantly in recent decades, demographic parameters appear to be largely unaffected. Life-history plasticity in combination with a small-scale regional variation in environmental conditions might explain the lack of changes in demography over time.

scholarly journals Motivasi Remaja untuk Mengikuti Program Rehabilitasi Napza

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adek Setiyani ◽  
Budi Anna Keliat
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Developmental Task ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

AbstrakRemaja merupakan tahap perkembangan yang dilalui oleh setiap individu dan mempunyai tugas perkembangan dalam penentuan identitas diri. Dalam proses pembentukan identitas diri, remaja tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh keluarga, tetapi juga oleh lingkungan sekolah dan teman sebaya. Kedekatan interpersonal remaja mulai bergeser kepada teman sebaya. Hal ini menyebabkan remaja rentan terhadap perilaku negatif, salah satunya perilaku penyalahgunaan Napza. Dampak dari perilaku penyalahgunaan Napza tidak hanya terhadap kesehatan remaja, tetapi juga terhadap hubungan dalam keluarga, hubungan sosial dan prestasi belajar. Untuk mengatasi dampak tersebut, remaja perlu rehabilitasi. Keberhasilan rehabilitasi dipengaruhi oleh motivasi remaja. Metode Penelitian menggunakan studi kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi remaja penyalahguna Napza dalam mengikuti program rehabilitasi. Hasil Respons remaja terhadap penyalahgunaan Napza diantaranya secara kognitif, afektif, fisiologis dan sosial sehingga memberikan dampak terhadap pendidikan, kesehatan fisik dan mental, hubungan dengan keluarga bahkan masalah hukum. Sebagian besar remaja penyalahguna Napza mengikuti rehabilitasi karena terpaksa, baik dipaksa oleh keluarga maupun karena terlibat masalah hukum. Untuk mendapatkan penanganan, remaja penyalahguna Napza memerlukan dukungan keluarga untuk mengambil keputusan untuk rehabilitasi dan memberikan dukungan selama mengikuti rehabilitasi. Tenaga kesehatan dapat meningkatkan motivasi remaja dalam mengikuti rehabilitasi dan meningkatkan dukungan keluarga melalui terapi modalitas.Kata kunci: Remaja, Penyalahgunaan Napza, Motivasi, RehabilitasiADOLESCENTS’ MOTIVATION TO PARTICIPATE IN A SUBSTANCE USE REHABILITATION PROGRAMAbstractAdolescence is a stage of development that is traversed by each individual and has a developmental task in determining self-identity. In the process of forming self-identity, adolescents are not only influenced by the family, but also by the school environment and peers. Teenage interpersonal closeness begins to shift to peers. This causes adolescents to be vulnerable to negative behavior, one of which is the behavior of drug abuse. The impact of drug abuse behavior is not only on adolescent health, but also on relationships in the family, social relations and learning achievement. To overcome this impact, adolescents need rehabilitation. The success of rehabilitation is influenced by the motivation of adolescents. Method: The study used a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach which aimed to determine the motivation of adolescent substance use in participating in a rehabilitation program. Results: The response of adolescents to drug abuse includes cognitive, affective, physiological and social so that it has an impact on education, physical and mental health, family relationships and even legal issues. Most teenagers who use drugs are forced to undergo rehabilitation, both forced by family and because of legal problems. To get treatment, teenagers who use drugs need family support to make decisions for rehabilitation and to provide support during rehabilitation. Recommendation: Health workers can increase the motivation of adolescents to follow rehabilitation and increase family support through therapy modalities.Keywords: Adolescents, Drug Abuse, Motivation, Rehabilitation

Whether Mahatma Gandhi Was Misinterpreted Through the Dilemma of Irrelevant and Relevant Philosophies?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0972558X2110571
Author(s):  
Mithun Sikdar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Current Anthropology ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Life History Study

In one of the articles published in Current Anthropology way back in 1973, David G. Mandelbaum talked about two approaches to understand the life of an individual. For him, to observe the lifestyle of a person or gain the knowledge about a lifestyle of a person, social scientists always succumb to two main approaches: life passage studies and life history studies. Life passage studies understand the contribution of society about the socialization and enculturation of their young ones, whereas life history studies emphasize the personified experiences and requirements of the individuals and how the individual copes up with the society. Here I have adopted the means of life history study to see some of the facets of Gandhiji’s life and its influence in the society. I shall do it by looking at some of his philosophies on health, food, sexual life, rather than going into the details of his whole life history. I shall do it without perplexing my own way of understanding “Mahatma” and linking sometimes my own life experiences that had been influenced by the philosophies of Gandhiji. I shall be carrying out an autoethnography by perceiving the virtues of Gandhiji in my own life. Nevertheless, it will rather be a futile exercise to describe his philosophies in a single paper and that too with a minimum experience on his whole life.

Accompanying the Path of Maternity: The Life History of a Colombian Doula

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Daniel F. M. Suárez-Baquero ◽  
Jane Dimmitt Champion
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Care Experience ◽  
Health Care Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women's Role

Doulas have fundamentally improved the health-care experience of pregnant women internationally. Women who recognize the importance of not being alone during pregnancy have embraced this role for centuries. However, less is known about doulas practicing in countries experiencing health inequities like Colombia. Miller's methodology and Atkinson's interview domain was used to answer the question “What life experiences led a Colombian woman to become a doula?” A central theme emerged, “A calling from within: Growing up to accompany the transition from woman to mother.” The path to becoming a doula evolved from life experiences involving health inequities, and a sense of femininity, maternity, and the women's role in rural Colombia.

We Worked and Made Beautiful Things

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-97
Author(s):  
Jenny Tone-Pah-Hote
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Public Display ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

During the early twentieth century, Kiowa people expertly deployed material culture as symbols of themselves as a people. Beadwork specifically illustrated the significance of kinship and is use and exchange among people, which constructed family relationships and a sense of belongingness. Beadwork and other expressive forms were highlighted in the American Indian Exposition, a fair, and an event, which provided a venue of public display that encouraged intertribal competition. The chapter also examines the representation of young women as American Indian Exposition princesses.

Formerly Incarcerated Men’s Negotiation of Family Support

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
Johnna Christian
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Formerly Incarcerated ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
Incarcerated Men ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Research And Policy

Research about prisoner reentry has identified an assortment of needs for formerly incarcerated men. In addition to concerns such as finding employment, securing housing, and complying with supervision requirements, they must navigate family relationships that may have been strained prior to incarceration, and are further challenged by the separation imposed by confinement. Paradoxically, these family relationships that pose challenges also hold great promise to mitigate some of the other hardships posed by reintegration. Family members often provide support and assistance that is not readily available through other channels: a place to sleep, transportation, job leads, meals, and encouragement. Yet, the provision and receipt of instrumental and emotional support requires substantial negotiation of fluid and shifting relationship dynamics. Emotional attachments therefore become entangled with instrumental needs, the availability of specific resources, and willingness to share these resources. Through analysis of in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated men in an urban Northeastern city, this chapter examines how they identify potential avenues of familial support, how they balance and maximize resources gained from family members, and how they manage strains in family relationships. Research and policy implications for understanding both the benefits and limitations of family support for formerly incarcerated men are discussed.

The effect of childhood unpredictability on co-parenting relationships during the transition to parenthood: A life history approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 2438-2458
Author(s):  
Ohad Szepsenwol
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Parental Behaviors ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Environmental Unpredictability ◽  
History Approach

Recent extensions to life history theory posit that exposure to environmental unpredictability during childhood should forecast negative parental behaviors in adulthood. In the current research, this logic was extended to co-parental behaviors, which refer to how parents coordinate, share responsibility, and support each other’s parental efforts. The effects of early-life unpredictability on individual and dyadic co-parental functioning were examined in a sample of 109 families (two parents and their firstborn child) who were followed longitudinally from before the child’s birth until the age of two. Greater early-life unpredictability (family changes, residential changes, and parents’ occupational changes by age 8) experienced by mothers, but not fathers, predicted more negative co-parental behaviors in triadic observations 6 months post birth, and lower couple-reported co-parenting quality assessed 3, 9, 18, and 24 months post birth. These effects were not explained by parents’ childhood socioeconomic status or current relationship quality. These findings highlight the role of mothers in shaping co-parenting relationships and how these relationships might be influenced by mothers’ early-life experiences.

The “Pre-Colombian” Era of Drug Trafficking in the Americas: Cocaine, 1945-1965

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gootenberg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Andes

Before anyone heard of Colombiannarcotraficantes, a new class of international cocaine traffickers was born between 1947 and 1964, led by little-known Peruvians, Bolivians, Chileans, Cubans, Mexicans, Brazilians, and Argentines. These men—and often daring young women—anxiously pursued by U.S. drug agents, pioneered the business of illicit cocaine, a drug whose small-scale production in the Andes remained legal and above board until the late 1940s. Before 1945, cocaine barely existed as an illicit drug; by 1950, a handful of couriers were smuggling it by the ounce from Peru; by the mid-1960s this hemispheric flow topped hundreds of kilos yearly, linking thousands of coca farmers across the eastern Andes to crude labs, organized trafficking rings, and a bustling retailer diaspora in consuming hot-spots like New York and Miami. The Colombians of the 1970s, the Pablo Escobars who leveraged this network into one of hundreds of tons, worth untold billions, are today notorious. Yet historians have yet to uncover their modest predecessors or the actual start of Colombia's role: cocaine's “pre-Colombian” origins.

‘I Don't Feel Old’: Subjective Ageing and the Search for Meaning in Later Life

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTA critique of the study of ageing by sociologists and historians is provided in this paper, on the basis of the comparative neglect of life history studies across the whole lifespan. It points to the skewed nature of studies reported in the literature. As a corrective, results from a UK life history based study are presented. It focuses on leisure, grand- parenting and intimate relationships between adults, leading to conclusions about the relationship between class factors in the determination of late life experiences and self perceptions of the meaning of old age.

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