scholarly journals Analysis of Crash Severity for Hazard Material Transportation Using Highway Safety Information System Data

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402093992
Author(s):  
Xiuguang Song ◽  
Jianqing Wu ◽  
Hongbo Zhang ◽  
Rendong Pi
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Routing And Scheduling ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
System Data ◽  
Material Transportation

Crash severity, as a major concern in the routing and scheduling of hazardous material shipments, has caused great loss of lives and property damage every year. Although abundant studies have been conducted to identify the relationship between different factors on crash severity, the analysis of the severity of hazard material transportation (HMT) crashes is very limited. Factors including road, vehicle, driver, and environment are not well considered in previous studies. This article analyzed the influence of various factors on HMT crash severity using Highway Safety Information System data. The random forest combined with the ordered logistic model is used for factor analysis. The results showed that annual average daily traffic, fatigues/asleep, number of lanes, speeding, adverse weather, and light are the six most important factors affecting HMT crash severity. Different from the non-HMT crashes, driver factor (e.g., driver age, gender, and drug/alcohol influence) was found to be not significantly related to crash severity. Speeding should be strictly forbidden for HMT drivers, considering the potential increased crash severity. Increasing the level of lighting can help reduce the number of severe crashes. The corresponding recommendations were provided based on the regression results.

Guardrail Need: Embankments and Culverts

1997 ◽  
Vol 1599 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wolford ◽  
Dean L. Sicking
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Design Charts ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
System Data

A cost-effectiveness analysis was used to study safety-treatment options for embankments and culverts on resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation (3R) projects. An examination of the need for cable and W-beam guardrails to shield traffic from roadside embankments and roadside culverts, respectively, was made. Average embankment and culvert accident severities were estimated using Highway Safety Information System data from Utah and Michigan. Average accident severities were calibrated through computer simulations of ran-off-road accidents. Simplified design charts were developed to allow highway engineers to quickly determine the need for cable guardrail on 3R projects.

scholarly journals Collective Risk Ranking of Highway Segments on the Basis of Severity-Weighted Crash Rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dawei Li ◽  
Mustafa F. M. Al-Mahamda
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Risk Ranking ◽  
Collective Risk ◽  
Major Factors

This study is intended to focus on the major factors affecting traffic crash rates and severity levels, in addition to identifying crash-prone locations (i.e., black spots) based on the two indicators. The available crash data for different road segments used for the analysis were obtained from the Washington state database provided by the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) for the years 2006 to 2011. A Random Forest (RF) classifier was used to predict the outcome level of crash severity, while crash rates were predicted by applying RF regressor. Certain features were selected for each model besides the abstraction of new features to check if there are unobserved correlations affecting the independent variables, such as accounting for the number and weight of crashes within 1 km2 area by implementing the Getis-Ord Gi∗ index. Moreover, to calculate the collective risk (CR) score, crash rates were adjusted to incorporate crash severity weights (cost per severity type) and regression-to-the-mean (RTM) bias via Empirical Bayes (EB) method. Finally, segments were ranked according to their CR score.

scholarly journals Examination of Fault, Unsafe Driving Acts, and Total Harm in Car-Truck Collisions

2003 ◽  
Vol 1830 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest M. Council ◽  
David L. Harkey ◽  
Daniel T. Nabors ◽  
Asad J. Khattak ◽  
Yusuf M. Mohamedshah
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Information System ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Facility Type ◽  
Crash Types

Crashes involving large trucks and passenger cars are important topics for research and countermeasure development since they represent more than 60% of all fatal truck crashes and because the passenger car occupant is much more likely to be killed. This study ( a) examined “fault” in total car–truck crashes using North Carolina Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) data for comparison with fault analyzed in previous studies of fatal crashes, ( b) used general estimates system (GES) crash data to verify unsafe driving acts (UDAs) identified by expert panels in past studies, and ( c) used North Carolina HSIS data to identify critical combinations of roadway facility type, roadway location, and crash type based on “total harm”—a measure combining both the frequency and severity of the crash. Fault in total North Carolina car–truck crashes was found to differ significantly from past fatal crash studies, with the truck driver being at fault more often than the car driver both overall and in certain crash types. Car drivers continue to be at fault much more often in head-on and angle crashes. While it was not possible to analyze all UDAs identified in prior studies, when possible, the current analyses revealed differences between the GES crash data results and the expert-based results, pointing to the need for better UDA methods if they are to be used to target treatments. Finally, using the total-harm analysis with North Carolina car–truck crashes indicated that undivided rural arterials and collectors should be primary targets for further investigation and for treatment.

Analysis of Single-Vehicle Roadway Departure Crashes on Rural Curved Segments Accounting for Unobserved Heterogeneity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (10) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Mouyid Islam ◽  
Anurag Pande
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Cloudy Weather ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Single Vehicle

Roadway departure crashes are one of the core emphasis areas in Strategic Highway Safety Plans (SHSP). These crashes, especially on rural roads, lead to a disproportionately higher number of fatalities and serious injuries. The focus of this study is to identify and quantify the factors affecting injury-severity outcomes for single-vehicle roadway departure (SV-RwD) crashes on rural curved segments in Minnesota. The crash data are extracted from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) from 2010 to 2014. This study applied a mixed logit with heterogeneity in means and variances approach to model driver-injury severity. The approach accounts for possible unobserved heterogeneity in the data resulting from driver, roadway, traffic, environmental conditions, or any combination of these attributes. This analysis adds value to the growing body of literature because it uncovers some unobserved heterogeneity in the form the attributes specific to driver-injury severities in contrast to the standard mixed logit approach. The model results indicate that there is a complex interaction of driver characteristics and actions (male drivers, aged below 30 years of age, and unsafe speed), roadway and traffic characteristics (two-lane undivided road, county roadways, and low traffic volume), environmental conditions (adverse weather, cloudy weather, dark conditions, and dry surface conditions), and vehicle characteristics (vehicle type—sport utility vehicle involved in rollover crashes). The results also provide some evidence of the effectiveness of a highway curve safety improvement program implemented in one of the Minnesota Department of Transportation (DOT) districts.

Investigation of National Highway System Roadways in the Highway Safety Information System States

1998 ◽  
Vol 1635 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Charles V. Zegeer ◽  
Herman F. Huang ◽  
J. Richard Stewart ◽  
Carolyn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
National Highway ◽  
System States ◽  
Highway System

Motor vehicle crash rates and roadway characteristics for National Highway System (NHS) and non-NHS roads in seven states—California, Illinois, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, and Washington— are presented. Accident and roadway data were extracted from the Federal Highway Administration’s Highway Safety Information System. Overall, crash rates on NHS roads were approximately 10 percent lower than those on non-NHS roads, perhaps the result of higher design standards. Crash rates on urban roadways were considerably higher than on the corresponding rural roadways in each state. For rural roadways, fixed-object crash rates were higher on NHS roads than on non-NHS roads. The distribution of crashes by severity was quite similar on NHS and non-NHS roads. For urban freeways, NHS Interstates usually had lower crash rates than NHS non-Interstates. The majority of NHS roads had lane widths of 3.4 m (11 ft) or more, and many had shoulder widths of 1.5 m (5 ft) or more. Compared to NHS non-Interstate roads, NHS Interstate roads were more likely to have lane widths of 3.7 m (12 ft) or over, shoulder widths of 2.4 m (8 ft) or over, paved shoulders, and improved median design. Highway designers and safety officials can use this type of information about accident rates and roadway characteristics to enhance safety by upgrading existing highways and improving the design of NHS highways to some specified roadway design standards and guidelines.

scholarly journals Integrated Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) datasets by means of a Roadway Safety Data Integrator (RSDI) tool

Data in Brief ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 106154
Author(s):  
Seyedehsan Dadvar ◽  
Young-Jae Lee ◽  
Hyeon-Shic Shin ◽  
Hamed Khodaparasti
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Roadway Safety

DATA SECURITY USING RC6 CIPHER ALGORITHM AS AN IMPLEMENTATION OF PRIVACY PRINCIPLE IN THE UU-ITE PERSPECTIVE AND ISLAMIC LAW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedy Agung Prabowo ◽  
Ujang Juhardi ◽  
Bambang Agus Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information System ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Block Cipher ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Is Security ◽  
Privacy Principle ◽  
System Data

Recently, Information technology develops rapidly. It is possible for us to get some informationquickly, properly and efficiently. The information technology also has many advantages fo r people. Theneed for information is increasing according to the need of its users. This proves that informationtechnology can make our job easier and it can help us to save our time particularly for the job thatrelated to information and data processin g. With the increasing use of computer technology today, italso brings up some problems. One of them is security and confidentiality problem which is animportant aspect in an information system. Data security is an important thing in maintaining theconf identiality of particular data that only can be known by those who have right. RC6 is a symmetrickey algorithm which encrypts 128 bit plaintext blocks to 128 bit ciphertext blocks. The encryptionprocess involves four operations which is the critical arit hmetic operation of this block cipher. As alegal state, Indonesia has issued a regulation in a form of laws governing information and electronictransaction or commonly referred to UU ITE. Besides, Islam is a religion that comprehensively givesthe guidan ce of life for people. Islam has provided guidance in the various fields ranging from social,politics, economics and various other fields.

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