Why Did It End? Breakup Reasons of Youth of Different Gender, Dating Stages, and Ages

Romantic breakups are common among youths. Yet “why” they occur is not well understood. In adolescence and emerging adulthood, unique characteristics of romantic participation call for investigation of breakups from a developmental perspective. Our principal objective was to map out breakup reasons of adolescents and emerging adults, accounting for relevant theory and research on both age-groups. We considered the role of age, gender, and dating stage (casual vs. serious) on youths’ breakup reasons. Results revealed a five-factor scale with affiliation, intimacy, autonomy, infidelity, and status as unique factors. Consistent with theory and research, we found similarities and differences in how youths of different age, dating stage, and gender endorse these reasons. These findings are consistent with the notion that breakups stem from a failure of romantic relationships to meet youths’ emerging romantic needs, and that there is considerable continuity in these relational dimensions from adolescence into emerging adulthood.

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Children’s Lives and Deaths in Merovingian Gaul

The Oxford Handbook of the Merovingian World ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234188.013.27 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 185-213

Author(s):

Émilie Perez

Keyword(s):

Social Identity ◽

Age Groups ◽

New Method ◽

Recent Analysis ◽

Age And Gender ◽

The Past ◽

And Gender ◽

Grave Goods

The role of children in Merovingian society has long been downplayed, and the study of their graves and bones has long been neglected. However, during the past fifteen years, archaeologists have shown growing interest in the place of children in Merovingian society. Nonetheless, this research has not been without challenges linked to the nature of the biological and material remains. Recent analysis of 315 children’s graves from four Merovingian cemeteries in northern Gaul (sixth to seventh centuries) allows us to understand the modalities of burial ritual for children. A new method for classifying children into social age groups shows that the type, quality, quantity, and diversity of grave goods were directly correlated with the age of the deceased. They increased from the age of eight and particularly around the time of puberty. This study discusses the role of age and gender in the construction and expression of social identity during childhood in the Merovingian period.

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A força da mulher argentina: resistência e luta política nas Madres de Plaza de Mayo e no grupo #NiUnaMenos

Revista Discente Ofícios de Clio ◽

10.15210/clio.v4i7.17032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Caroline Rios Costa

Keyword(s):

Public Life ◽

Age Groups ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Global Level ◽

Political Struggle ◽

The Feminine ◽

The World ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

And Gender ◽

Political Agents

As trajetórias femininas na vida pública vêm ganhando cada vez mais espaço, com mulheres do mundo tomando as ruas como forma de luta e resistência. Na Argentina, dois exemplos emblemáticos servem como espelho para outros movimentos: as Madres de Plaza de Mayo e as feministas do Ni Una Menos. Criados em diferentes contextos sociais, faixas etárias e motivações políticas, estes grupos se tornaram estandartes da luta política e reivindicação a nível federal, e até mesmo global. Similaridades e diferenças entre os dois grupos devem ser observadas para entender de forma adequada suas constituições enquanto agentes sociais e políticos. Além disso, pretendemos perceber como essas mulheres, jovens e senhoras, transformaram a questão do feminino e do gênero em sinônimo de uma luta frente a uma sociedade patriarcal em todo o mundo.Palavras-chave: Gênero, Resistência, Ni Una Menos, Madres de Plaza de Mayo AbstractWomen's trajectories in public life have been gaining more and more space, with women of the world taking over the streets as a form of struggle and resistance. In Argentina, two emblematic examples serve as a mirror to other movements: the Madres de Plaza de Mayo and the feminists of Ni Una Menos. Built on different social contexts, age groups, and political grounds, have become banners of political struggle and claim at federal, and even global, level. Similarities and differences must be observed to properly understand their constitutions as social and political agents. In addition, we intend to understand how these women, young and old, have transformed the issue of the feminine and gender into a struggle that clashes with a worldwide patriarchal society.Keywords: Gender, Resistance, Ni Una Menos, Madres de Plaza de Mayo

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Why Should We Focus on Emerging Adults with Substance Use Disorders?

Emerging Adults and Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190490782.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-15

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

First Language ◽

Developmentally Appropriate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Treatment Access ◽

Problematic Substance Use ◽

Problematic Substance

Emerging adulthood (roughly ages 18–29) is the lifespan period when the peak prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) and substance use occurs. Opportunities for prevention and intervention abound during these years. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the concept of emerging adulthood, as well as a laundry list of terms used to describe problematic substance use. The chapter argues that we must be mindful of using person-first language and, based on available stigma research, advocates for use of the term substance use disorder. The chapter then presents a strong rationale for creating more developmentally appropriate treatments for emerging adults. This rationale is based on three pillars: (1) emerging adults’ current underrepresentation in large outcome studies, (2) existing disparities in treatment outcomes between emerging adults and individuals in other age groups, and (3) the possibility of expanded substance use treatment access under healthcare reform.

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Well-Being and Romantic Relationships: A Systematic Review in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16132415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (13) ◽

pp. 2415 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mercedes Gómez-López ◽

Carmen Viejo ◽

Rosario Ortega-Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Romantic Relationships ◽

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

The Other ◽

The One ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

Adolescence and emerging adulthood are both stages in which romantic relationships play a key role in development and can be a source of both well-being and negative outcomes. However, the limited number of studies prior to adulthood, along with the multiplicity of variables involved in the romantic context and the considerable ambiguity surrounding the construct of well-being, make it difficult to reach conclusions about the relationship between the two phenomena. This systematic review synthesizes the results produced into this topic over the last three decades. A total of 112 studies were included, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. On the one hand, these works revealed the terminological heterogeneity in research on well-being and the way the absence of symptoms of illness are commonly used to measure it, while on the other hand, they also showed that romantic relationships can be an important source of well-being for both adolescents and emerging adults. The findings underline the importance of providing a better definition of well-being, as well as to attribute greater value to the significance of romantic relationships. Devoting greater empirical, educational, and community efforts to romantic development in the stages leading up to adulthood are considered necessary actions in promoting the well-being of young people.

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Romantic Relationships and the Transition to Work

Young Adult Development at the School-to-Work Transition ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190941512.003.0005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107-124

Author(s):

José F. Domene ◽

Sarah M. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Romantic Relationships ◽

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Work Experience ◽

Romantic Relationship ◽

Emerging Adult ◽

Transition To Work ◽

The World ◽

Relationship Factors

In this chapter, the authors address intersections between romantic relationship factors and the transition to work experience. They briefly summarize the nature of romantic relationships during emerging adulthood and then review research conducted around the world, which reveals that these two aspects of a person’s life are closely intertwined during emerging adulthood. They describe the ways romantic relationship development and career development have been found to influence each other and the concerns that many emerging adults have about balancing their goals in these two areas of life. Drawing on this literature, they make several recommendations for practitioners who are assisting emerging adults to make an optimal transition to work in the context of their romantic relationships. Finally, the authors use a case study, drawn from research conducted by the first author, to illustrate how the principles discussed in this review can manifest in the lives of one emerging adult couple.

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Intimacy Through Casual Sex: Relational Context of Sexual Activity and Affectionate Behaviours

Journal of Relationships Research ◽

10.1017/jrr.2018.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Justin R. Garcia ◽

Amanda N. Gesselman ◽

Sean G. Massey ◽

Susan M. Seibold-Simpson ◽

Ann M. Merriwether

Keyword(s):

Romantic Relationships ◽

Sexual Activity ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Casual Sex ◽

Sexual Relationship ◽

Relational Context ◽

Men And Women ◽

Relationship Context ◽

Sexual Encounters

AbstractLittle is known about the role of affectionate behaviours — factors traditionally understood within the context of romantic relationships — in uncommitted ‘casual sex’ encounters. In a sample of U.S. undergraduate emerging adults aged 18–25 years (N= 639) we conducted a preliminary internet-based questionnaire investigation into the role of affectionate behaviours — operationalised here as cuddling, spending the night and cuddling, foreplay, and eye gazing — across two sexual relationship contexts: (committed) traditional romantic relationships and (uncommitted) casual sex encounters. While affectionate behaviours were desired more often in romantic relationships than in casual sexual encounters, many respondents (both men and women) engaged in these affectionate behaviours during casual sexual encounters as well. This was especially pronounced in those who expressed a preference for casual sex encounters over romantic relationships: in a casual sex context these participants were about 1.5 times as likely to cuddle, 1.5 times as likely to spend the night and cuddle, and nearly 5 times as likely to engage in foreplay with a partner. The current study emphasises the importance of considering relationship context in sexuality and relationship research, and the need for further theoretical and empirical research on dimensions of intimacy, including affection, in people's diverse romantic and sexual lives.

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Health Communication With Same-Sex and Other-Sex Friends in Emerging Adulthood

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.1177/0091415016680066 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 231-247

Author(s):

Brian Ayotte ◽

Clare Mehta ◽

Jacqueline Alfonso

Keyword(s):

Health Communication ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Same Sex ◽

Men And Women ◽

Health Related ◽

Health Promoting

Objective We examined health-related communication between same-sex and other-sex friends and how communication was related to health-related behavior. Participants Data from 243 emerging adults attending college ( Mage = 18.96, SD = 1.43; 55.6% male) were analyzed. Methods Participants completed measures assessing the frequency in which they talked about and made plans to engage in exercise and nutrition-related behaviors with friends, as well as how often they engaged in exercise and nutrition-related behaviors. Results In general, participants reported more health-related communication with same-sex friends. Health-related communication with same-sex friends was positively related to health behaviors for men and women. However, the pattern of results differed for men and women depending on the topic of communication and the behavior being examined. Conclusion Our study extends the literature by examining the role of sex of friends in health communication and planning and how interactions with friends relate to health-promoting behavior.

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Emerging Adults and COVID-19: The Role of Individualism-Collectivism on Perceived Risks and Psychological Maladjustment

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3497 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Alessandro Germani ◽

Livia Buratta ◽

Elisa Delvecchio ◽

Claudia Mazzeschi

Keyword(s):

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Online Survey ◽

Asymptomatic Carrier ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Perceived Risks ◽

Psychological Maladjustment ◽

Medical Reports ◽

Common Goals

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically changed our habits and routines. Uncertainty, insecurity, instability for the present and future, and reduced autonomy and self-directedness, are common feelings at the time of COVID-19. These aspects are very important during emerging adulthood. In spite of the fact that medical reports suggest that youth are less prone to experience COVID-19 infections, emerging adults might be at higher risk for their psychological adjustment. Emerging adults showed higher concerns about their role as a possible asymptomatic carrier than being positive with COVID-19 themselves. Both worries and concerns about COVID-19 and psychological maladjustment may be related to cultural factors. Individualism, collectivism, equality, and hierarchy seem to be meaningful perspectives to take into account. A total of 1183 Italian emerging adults were asked to fill out an online survey during the second week of the national lockdown in Italy. Results showed they reported an accurate perceived knowledge about COVID-19. At the same time, they showed higher worries and concerns about COVID-19 for their relatives, followed by more general/social worries. The lowest score included worries about COVID-19 related to themselves. State anxiety and stress levels were above the normal cutoff, confirming the challenges that emerging adults are facing during the pandemic. On one hand, emerging adults’ collectivistic orientation was related to higher perceived risks of infection; on the other hand, it predicted lower psychological maladjustment, controlling for socio-demographic variables. The study suggests that to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and decrease levels of psychological maladjustment in emerging adulthood, individuals’ cultural orientation such as the wish of sharing common goals with others, interdependence, and sociability, have to be emphasized and promoted as protective factors.

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Personality maturation among emerging adults and future career success

Career Development International ◽

10.1108/cdi-03-2018-0067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 146-162

Author(s):

Maor Kalfon Hakhmigari ◽

Yossi Michaeli ◽

Daniel J. Dickson ◽

Miri Scharf ◽

Shmuel Shulman

Keyword(s):

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Career Success ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Personality Change ◽

Negative Experiences ◽

Content Type ◽

Future Career ◽

Reflective Capacity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of maturation processes – personality change and reflectivity as characterized by greater awareness to self and others – during emerging adulthood in predicting career success. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 205 of Israeli emerging adults was followed over a 12-year period. Participants completed measures of self-criticism at age 23 and 29, reflectivity at the age of 29 and subjective and objective career outcomes such as satisfaction with work and level of income at the age of 35. Hierarchical regressions determined the extent that decreases in self-criticism as well as greater reflectivity that predicted future career success. Findings The findings of this paper indicated that greater decreases in self-criticism were longitudinally associated with less frequent negative experiences at work and lesser tendency to have doubts about one’s career. Greater reflective capacity was longitudinally associated with a future higher income, greater career satisfaction and a stronger perception of one’s career as a means to implement inner interests. Research limitations/implications The results of this paper suggest that decreasing negative self-perception and enhancing awareness about self and others might facilitate a future career success. Originality/value This is among the first studies that demonstrate the role of personality maturation during emerging adulthood for future career success.

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