Interstate Rivalries and Expansions in Military Capacity

2021 ◽  
pp. 223386592110402
Author(s):  
Prashant Hosur Suhas ◽  
Shelli Israelsen
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
State Building ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interstate Rivalry

This article addresses the scholarly debate on the relationship between interstate rivalry and military capacity. We draw on Tilly's bellicist theory of state formation in early modern Europe and Thies’ modifications to predatory theory, which prioritizes the role of interstate rivalry on state building, to explain variation in military capacity. We unpack the rivalry mechanism into spatial and positional rivalries and test how these two types of rivalry affect military capacity, and how positional rivalries affect military capacity in the long-term. Using time-series cross-sectional data analysis, we find that positional rivalries increase military capacity in the long term. Also, we find that spatial rivalry influences military capacity in the long-term, but its effects are uneven across indicators of military capacity, and it has a smaller effect on military capacity in comparison to positional rivalries. We conclude that not all types of rivalries have a uniform effect on military capacity and that competition over regional dominance, that is, positional rivalries, are the most impactful on military capacity. This study offers a more nuanced test of Tilly's bellicist theory and Thies’ modified predatory theory on state capacity.

scholarly journals The rise of prosociality in fiction preceded democratic revolutions in Early Modern Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (46) ◽  
pp. 28684-28691
Author(s):  
Mauricio de Jesus Dias Martins ◽  
Nicolas Baumard
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Modern Period

The English and French Revolutions represent a turning point in history, marking the beginning of the modern rise of democracy. Recent advances in cultural evolution have put forward the idea that the early modern revolutions may be the product of a long-term psychological shift, from hierarchical and dominance-based interactions to democratic and trust-based relationships. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by analyzing theater plays during the early modern period in England and France. We found an increase in cooperation-related words over time relative to dominance-related words in both countries. Furthermore, we found that the accelerated rise of cooperation-related words preceded both the English Civil War (1642) and the French Revolution (1789). Finally, we found that rising per capita gross domestic product (GDPpc) generally led to an increase in cooperation-related words. These results highlight the likely role of long-term psychological and economic changes in explaining the rise of early modern democracies.

Assessing the Nexus Between Employer Branding and Employee Retention: Moderating Role of Organizational Identification

2021 ◽  
pp. 0258042X2110053
Author(s):  
Nawab Ali Khan ◽  
Shubhangi Bharadwaj ◽  
Aaisha Khatoon ◽  
Mohd Tariq Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Employer Branding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Moderating Role

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between employer branding and employee retention. Moreover, this article investigates the moderating effect exerted by organizational identification in the relationship between employer branding and employee retention. The research is cross-sectional with the data gathered from Indian IT employees through a self-administered questionnaire. The data were analysed using regression and PROCESS Macro. The findings provide empirical insights on how employer branding helps in transferring to retaining employees. Also, the moderation analysis highlights the importance of organizational identification in ensuring employees’ long-term association with an organization. The results explicate the criticality of a positive identity in strengthening the effect of employer branding on employee retention. Despite numerous studies, the literature lags in understanding the role of organizational identification as a catalyst in the relationship between employer branding and employee retention.

scholarly journals Motivation, Attitude, Role Of Drug Control (Pmo) With Drug Compliance In Patients Tb

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Marniati ◽  
Nurlina ◽  
Safruddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a direct infectious disease caused by TB (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis) bacteria. The level of compliance with the use of pulmonary TB drugs is very important and requires a long time that is 6-8 months, because if treatment is not carried out regularly or is not compliant and does not correspond to the specified time then there will be resistance (resistance) of tuberculosis germs against drugs Widespread Anti Tuberculosis (OAT) or Multi Drugs Resistance (MDR). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between motivation, attitudes, the role of supervisors taking medication (PMO) in TB sufferers. The design of the study used an Analytical Observational design using the Cross-Sectional approach. The population in this study were all TB sufferers in Bulukumba District with a sampling technique using cluster sampling. The number of samples in this study were 60 respondents. Data were obtained through questionnaire sheets made by researchers to respondents. Data analysis used Fisher's alternative Chi-square Test, with significance level α = 0.05. The results of the data analysis show that the motivation variable p = 0.023, the attitude variable p = 0.012, and the role of the supervisor for taking medication (PMO) p = 0.017. So it can be concluded that there is a relationship between motivation, attitude, the role of supervisors taking medication (PMO) with adherence to taking medication in TB patients in Bulukumba Regency.

Astrology in court: The Spanish Inquisition, authority, and expertise

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayra M. C. Lanuza-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Early Modern Spain ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Spanish Inquisition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Astrology, its legitimacy, and the limits of its acceptable practice were debated in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe. Many of the related arguments were mediated by the work of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and the responses to it. Acknowledging the complexities of the relationship between astrological ideas and Christian teachings, this paper focuses on the Catholic debates by specifically considering the decisions about astrology taken by the Spanish Inquisition. The trials of astrologers are examined with the aim of understanding the role of experts in astrology in early modern Spain. This study brings into view the specific nature of the debate on astrology in Spain, the consequences of the actions of the Inquisition and the social control it exerted. The historical events discussed comprise a particular case and also mirror the general debates about astrology taking place in early modern Europe. The experts’ opinions expressed in trials and in reports about the discipline received by the Inquisition reveal two key traits of the debate: the dispute about who had the authority to decide on the legitimacy of astrology and the disagreement about what constituted natural and judicial astrological practices. These led to different opinions about what was to be done with each defendant and about what content in their books ought to be forbidden.

scholarly journals Are smoking cessation behaviours among daily smokers associated with a perceived public stigma of smokers? Cross-sectional analyses of Norwegian data 2011–2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Gunnar Sæbø ◽  
Marianne Lund
Keyword(s):  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Public Stigma ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Intentions To Quit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIntroductionPerceived stigma may be an unintended consequence of tobacco denormalization policies among remaining smokers. Little is known about the role of perceived stigmatization in cessation behaviours.AimsTo test if perceived public smoker stigma is associated with recent attempts to cease smoking and future cessation plans among adult daily smokers.MethodsUsing merged data from the biennial national survey Norwegian Monitor 2011 and 2013 (N daily smokers = 1,029), we performed multinomial and ordinal regression analyses to study the impact of perceived public stigma (measured as social devaluation and personal devaluation) on recent quit attempts, short-term intention to quit and long-term intention to quit, controlling for confounders. One additional analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between stigma and intention to quit on quit attempts.ResultsA significant association between perceived social devaluation and recent quit attempts was found (OR 1.76). Perceived stigma was not associated with future quit plans. Personal devaluation was not associated with any cessation outcome. The role of perceived social devaluation on quit attempts was mainly found among smokers with intentions to quit.ConclusionThese findings indicate that stigma measured as social devaluation of smokers is associated with recent quit attempts, but not with future quit plans.

scholarly journals Top Management Capabilities and Firm Efficiency: Relationship via Resources Acquisition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-118
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sualeh Khattak ◽  
Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Management Capabilities ◽  
The Relationship

Considering the deficiency of resources in SMEs, a number of studies have been shown interest in the determinants of external resources acquisition but the results are fragmented. Particularly, the role of Top Management Capabilities (TMC) in resource acquisition and efficiency in the SME sector has been neglected. This study discusses the role of TMC—being intangible resources in SMEs’ efficiency with a mediating role of resource acquisition. This research is quantitative in nature and collected cross-sectional data through a structured questionnaire from 311 owners and managers of Pakistani SMEs. After analyzing the model using AMOS, the results indicate that TMC significantly facilitate firms in resource acquisition and enhance their efficiency; however, resource acquisition partially mediates the relationship between TMC and SMEs efficiency. This research recommends that SMEs should focus on TMC (instead of blindly investing money in other strategies) in order to acquire valuable tangible and intangible that are necessary for long term survival and efficiency. Further implications are discussed for owners, managers and practitioners.

scholarly journals Crecimiento económico y apertura comercial: Teoría, datos y evidencia (1960-2017)/ Economic growth and trade openness: Theory, facts and evidence (1960-2017)

2020 ◽  
pp. 476-496
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Positive Element ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stable Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Resumen Un elemento positivo para el crecimiento de un país lo constituye una mayor inserción en el comercio global. Los objetivos de esta investigación consisten en estimar la relación entre crecimiento económico y apertura comercial, así como contrastar la cointegración y causalidad entre ambas variables. La investigación es de tipo explicativa, con diseño documental, y se basa en modelos econométricos de corte transversal y de series de tiempo, con información estadística que cubre el lapso 1960-2017 para 110 países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo. Según el estudio, entre crecimiento y apertura hay una relación positiva, significativa y estable a largo plazo, sin embargo, los resultados indican que el efecto de la apertura es bajo en magnitud en las regresiones transversales, lo cual es congruente con la heterogeneidad de las experiencias mundiales. A nivel de series de tiempo, se hallaron coeficientes más altos, que indica que la apertura es positiva para el crecimiento, aunque la evidencia de causalidad sugiere que la apertura apenas es uno de los componentes del crecimiento. Se concluye que, si bien existe una interrelación positiva, una estrategia de crecimiento y desarrollo no puede basarse exclusivamente en el comercio internacional, pues su incidencia parece ser modesta. Abstract A positive element for the growth of a country is a greater insertion in global trade. The objectives of this research are to estimate the relationship between economic growth and trade openness, as well as to contrast the cointegration and causality between both variables. The research is explanatory, with a documentary design, and is based on cross-sectional econometric models and time series, with statistical information covering the period 1960-2017 for 110 developed and developing countries. According to the study, between growth and openness there is a positive, significant and stable relationship in the long term, however, the results indicate that the effect of openness is low in magnitude in the cross-sectional regressions, which is consistent with the heterogeneity of the world experiences. At the time series level, higher coefficients were found, indicating that openness is positive for growth, although the evidence of causality suggests that openness is only one of the components of growth. It is concluded that, although there is a positive interrelation, a growth and development strategy cannot be based exclusively on international trade, since its incidence seems to be modest.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERAN IBU DENGAN KONSEP DIRI ANAK USIA 3-5 TAHUN

2017 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Christiani Bumi Pangesti ◽  
Wahyu Dwi Agussafutri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan peran ibu dengan konsep diri anak usia 3-5 tahun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional Penelitian dilakukan di KB/TK Sinar Kasih Nusukan Surakarta. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang mempunyai anak 3-5 tahun di KB/TK Sinar Kasih Kelurahan Nusukan Kecamatan Banjarsari Kota Surakarta dengan jumlah 30 anak sehingga keseluruhannya digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian dengan teknik penelitian populasi. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan Kendall Tau. Pengolahan data menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran ibu berhubungan positif dengan konsep diri anak di KB/TK Sinar Kasih Nusukan Surakarta; hal ini terbukti dari nilai korelasi sebesar 0,644 dengan signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Hasil korelasi bernilai positif hal ini berarti bahwa semakin baik peran ibu maka konsep diri anak juga semakin baik.   Kata kunci: peran ibu, konsep diri, anak usia 3-5 tahun.     ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to know the relationship of mother role with self-concept of children aged 3-5 years. The type of this research is descriptive correlation with cross sectional approach. The research was done in KB / TK Sinar Kasih Nusukan Surakarta. The population of this study is all mothers who have children 3-5 year in KB/TK Sinar Kasih Kelurahan Nusukan District Banjarsari Surakarta City with the number of 30 children so that the whole is used as research sample with population research technique. The data collection tool useD questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis USED Kendall Tau. Data processing using SPSS program. The results showed that the role of mothers positively related to the self-concept of children in KB/TK Sinar Kasih Nusukan Surakarta this is evident from the correlation value of 0.644 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05. Positive correlation results this means that the better the role of mother then the self-concept of children is also getting better.   Keywords: role of mother, self concept, children aged 3-5 years.

scholarly journals Panel data analysis of surface skid resistance for various pavement preventive maintenance treatments using long term pavement performance (LTPP) data

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Joshua Li ◽  
You Zhan ◽  
Guangwei Yang ◽  
Kelvin C.P. Wang ◽  
Chaohui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slurry Seal

Various preventive maintenance (PM) treatments have been employed to restore pavement skid resistance for enhanced safety. This paper investigates the effectiveness of PM treatments using panel data analysis (PDA). Panel data analysis investigates the differences of cross-sectional information among treatments, but also the time-series changes within each treatment over time. Panel data with multiple years of friction data for four treatments (thin overlay, slurry seal, crack seal, and chip seal) at various climate, traffic, and pavement conditions are obtained from 255 long term pavement performance (LTPP) testing sections. Both fixed- and random-effects models are developed to evaluate pavement skid resistance performance and to identify the most influencing factors. Results from the PDA models are compared to those from traditional ordinary regression models. Slurry seal is demonstrated to be the most effective treatment. Five factors (precipitation, freezing index, humidity, traffic, and pavement age) are identified to be significant for pavement friction. Fixed-effects panel model is selected for the development of friction prediction models. This study not only demonstrates the capability of PDA for analyzing friction data with cross-sectional and time-series characteristics, but also can assist engineers in selecting the most effective PM treatments for the desired level of skid resistance to reduce traffic crashes.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN NILAI KEISLAMAN MELALUI CARING PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN SPIRITUAL SHOLAT PASIEN RAWAT INAP

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Noor Azizah ◽  
Muhammad Purnomo ◽  
Atun Wigati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Islamic Values

One of the spiritual needs of Muslims is prayer. Prayer must be done in a state of illness with different procedures according to ability. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the ability of patients and the role of nurses in the application of Islamic Caring for Spiritual Needs. Cross Sectional Sample 50 people. Chi-Square data analysis. The results of the ability of patients with the fulfillment of the spiritual needs of prayer (p value 0.006 <0.05), the role of nurses in the application of Islamic values through caring with the fulfillment of the spiritual needs of prayer (p value 0.001 <0.05). There is a relationship between the ability of patients and the role of nurses in the application of Islamic values through caring with the fulfillment of the spiritual needs of inpatient prayer.

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