One Hundred Years of Learning: The Russian Revolution of 1917

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Wilson do Nascimento Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Organizational Power ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
The World ◽  
The Masses

This year, 2017, the world celebrates the centenary of the two Russian Revolutions that marked the twentieth century and changed the course of history. This article traces the worldwide impact of the Russian Revolution and its contribution to the awakening of the masses in Europe and the peripheries, in the course of the twentieth century. It also throws light on the imperialist counteroffensive and argues for the ongoing relevance of Leninist doctrine in the struggle against imperialism and bourgeois domination. The article elaborates the teachings of Leninism and its unique organizational power in the interest of long-term struggle.

Post-absolutist Transformations in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Raj Kollmorgen
Keyword(s):  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Social Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Societal Context ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Key Dimensions

Post-absolutist transformations are disruptive, accelerated, radical, and politically controlled modernization projects in Asian and Eastern European societies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with reference to successful social models in the context of global hegemonies. After delineating the world-societal context, this chapter deals with the so-called Meiji Ishin, i.e., the social restoration and renewal under Emperor Mutsuhito in Japan (1868–1912), that represents the earliest and in a way paradigmatic case of this historical wave and subtype of imitative societal transformations. Then four further post-absolutist transformation ventures are briefly described and discussed: the Iranian case (1907–41), the Russian Revolution (1905–7), the Turkish transformation (1908–38/46), and the short Chinese upheaval (1911–12). The chapter concludes with a comparative and typological summary discussing key dimensions and factors in shaping post-absolutist transformations and their long-term outcomes.

Homer: A relational mnemohistory

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Erll
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The West ◽  
Memory Culture ◽  
European Heritage ◽  
The World ◽  
Century Literature

This article proposes to extend the prevalent short-term and presentist frameworks of research on transcultural memory and to consider its dynamics across long-term relational mnemohistories. After more than two and a half millennia, “Homer” and the Homeric epics still resonate in memory cultures across the world. But they are often erroneously cast as “European heritage” or “foundations of the West.” This is the result of what I call a tenacious “Homeric genea-logic.” Highlighting three moments in the relational mnemohistory of Homer, this article shows, first, that already during their emergence in the archaic age, the Homeric epics were relational objects; second, how during the Middle Ages Homer could arrive in Petrarch’s Italy only as a product of relational remembering between the Roman and the Byzantine empires; and third, how twentieth-century literature (Joyce, Walcott) developed conscious modes of mnemonic relationality connecting diverse cultural memories. Relationality thus emerges as a key term for a reflexive memory culture today, a tool to overcome exclusive memory logics (“Homer as the heritage of Europe”) while enabling the articulation of meaningful long-term transcultural memories (“Homer as relational heritage in Europe”).

Royal Society expeditions in the second half of the twentieth century

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Hemmen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

During the second half of the twentieth century, the Royal Society mounted a number of scientific expeditions to different parts of the world. These expeditions varied considerably in their objectives, size, complexity and duration. Brief outlines of the main Royal Society expeditions of this period and their origins are given, together with mention of resulting Royal Society Discussion Meetings. Reference is also made to some long-term investigations involving the Society in collaboration with other countries' scientific institutions.

Preparing for the Confucian Millennium

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-86
Author(s):  
Uri Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Model ◽  
Society Today

Despite its small size and unconventional doctrines, the Korean new religious movement, “Rectified Confucian Way” (Kaengjŏngyudo), exerts considerable influence on Korean society today. Members of the group operate dozens of children’s camps and other educational programs aimed to promote traditional moral behaviors among the population, in line with their millennial vision of an evolving Confucian era. This article offers the first English-language introductory investigation of this fascinating movement. It reviews the early twentieth-century mystical genesis of the religion, its development of scriptures and rituals, and its members’ active, optimistic attempts to lead the world into the Confucian millennium. Based on this data, the paper suggests that this group offers a unique model of a long-term, gradualist—rather than imminent—millennial expectation.

‘I have only One Country, it is the World’: Madame Cama, Anticolonialism, and Indian-Russian Revolutionary Networks in Paris, 1907–17

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Birk Laursen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Freedom Struggle ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Russian Author ◽  
Revolutionary Movements ◽  
Maxim Gorky

Abstract In September 1912, the Russian author Maxim Gorky wrote to the Paris-based Indian revolutionary Madame Cama and asked her to write an article on Indian women and their role in the Indian freedom struggle. Their correspondence highlights several issues: Cama’s central role among Indian and anticolonial nationalists from across the world in early twentieth-century Paris; the inspiration from the 1905 Russian Revolution and alliances between exiled Indian and Russian revolutionaries; the role of women in revolutionary movements. Focusing on Indian-Russian networks in early twentieth century Paris, this article examines Cama’s thoughts on feminism and socialism, and the inspiration from Russian revolutionaries in Cama’s anticolonial activities.

scholarly journals The Long Twentieth Century and Barriers to China's Hegemonic Accession

2011 ◽  
pp. 4-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gulick
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Global System ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Us Hegemony

Giovanni Arrighi's The Long Twentieth Century is an almost unfathomably ambitious andcomplex work. Its monumentality derives from Arrighi 's conviction that the best way to handicapthe possible futures of the world capitalist geo-economy is to analyze the structural evolution ofthis global system, an evolution spanning more than five centuries; the genius of the work rests inthe distinctive approach that Arrighi takes. At the core of his approach is the identification ofthose long-term trends and accreted characteristics - one might call them "systemiccontradictions" - that promise to send the world capitalist geo-economy in a radically differentdevelopmental direction as US hegemony wanes. Arrighi 's assessment of these contradictionscompel him to make a provocative suggestion: in all likelihood, no singular concentration of stateand economic power possesses the territorial scale or the organizational capacities required tolead the global system through another round of restructuring and expansion. Properly framed,this illuminating insight could serve as the starting point for a theoretical exploration of thesocio-ecological constraints to global capitalist reproduction, but such is a journey (mostly) nottaken by Arrighi in The Long Twentieth Century. In fact, to the degree that he subsequentlycontemplates the prospect of a China-centered reconstitution of the world geo-economy, Arrighimarginalizes the question of global systemic contradictions altogether.

Orientalist Knowledge and Social Theories: China and the European Conceptions of East-West Differences from 1600 to 1900

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Fung Hung
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
World System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
East West

This paper examines the long-term development of Orientalism as an intellectual field, with the European learning of China between ca.1600 and ca.1900 as an exemplary case. My analysis will be aided by a theoretical framework based on a synthesis of the world-system and network perspectives on long-run intellectual change. Analyzing recurrent debates on China within European intellectual circles, I demonstrate that the Western conception of the East has been oscillating between universalism and particularism, and between naive idealization and racist bias. This oscillation is a function as much of the changing political economy of the capitalist world-system as of the endogenous politics of the intellectual field. Despite their contrasting views, both admirers and despisers of the East viewed non-Western civilizations as uniform wholes that had never changed. I argue that the fundamental fallacy of Orientalism lay, not in its presumptions about the ontological differences between East and West and the former's inferiority, as previous critics of Orientalism have supposed, but in its reductionism. Understanding non-Western civilizations in their full dynamism and heterogeneity is a critical step toward the renewal of the twentieth-century social theories that were built upon and impaired by the Orientalist knowledge accumulated in the previous centuries.

Development of the Jewish religious movement "Khabad" in Ukraine in the 20's of the twentieth century

2001 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
O. V. Kozerod
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Important Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Problems

The development of the Jewish religious movement "Khabad" and its organizations in the first quarter of the twentieth century - one of the important research problems, which is still practically not considered in the domestic Judaica. At the same time, this problem is relevant in connection with the fact that the religious movement "Khabad" during the twentieth century became the most widespread and influential area of Judaism in Ukraine and throughout the world.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

Coda: The Rosetta Stone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Digital Code ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Imagination ◽  
Origin Point

Hieroglyphs have persisted for so long in the Western imagination because of the malleability of their metaphorical meanings. Emblems of readability and unreadability, universality and difference, writing and film, writing and digital media, hieroglyphs serve to encompass many of the central tensions in understandings of race, nation, language and media in the twentieth century. For Pound and Lindsay, they served as inspirations for a more direct and universal form of writing; for Woolf, as a way of treating the new medium of film and our perceptions of the world as a kind of language. For Conrad and Welles, they embodied the hybridity of writing or the images of film; for al-Hakim and Mahfouz, the persistence of links between ancient Pharaonic civilisation and a newly independent Egypt. For Joyce, hieroglyphs symbolised the origin point for the world’s cultures and nations; for Pynchon, the connection between digital code and the novel. In their modernist interpretations and applications, hieroglyphs bring together writing and new media technologies, language and the material world, and all the nations and languages of the globe....

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document