The Effect of Affect: Friendship, Education and Prejudice in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-169
Author(s):  
Asha Venugopalan
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Prejudicial Attitude ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Outlook

Intergroup relations are fundamentally based on the idea of ‘us’ and ‘them’, and this categorization has driven political loyalties and social ties in India, particularly the relations between Hindus and Muslims. Contemporary nationalist politics have often combined patriotic love for the country along with suspicion of minorities, particularly the Muslims. Given the history of tense relations between the Hindus and Muslims, the role of positive intergroup relations becomes paramount in sustaining peace among the groups. Based on Allport’s intergroup contact hypothesis, this article tests whether having a Muslim friend reduces prejudicial attitude among Hindus. Additionally, the article also tests the notion of education being a harbinger of liberal values and its role in reducing prejudice. The results indicate that having a Muslim friend is significantly correlated with a more positive outlook towards the Muslim community, but education does not reduce prejudice.

Reducing Prejudice Through Narratives

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Moyer-Gusé ◽  
Katherine R. Dale ◽  
Michelle Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Muslim Americans ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Intergroup Interactions

Abstract. Recent extensions to the contact hypothesis reveal that different forms of contact, such as mediated intergroup contact, can reduce intergroup anxiety and improve attitudes toward the outgroup. This study draws on existing research to further consider the role of identification with an ingroup character within a narrative depicting intergroup contact between Muslim and non-Muslim Americans. Results reveal that identification with the non-Muslim (ingroup) model facilitated liking the Muslim (outgroup) model, which reduced prejudice toward Muslims more generally. Identification with the ingroup model also increased conversational self-efficacy and reduced anxiety about future intergroup interactions – both important aspects of improving intergroup relations.

Perfection Makes Practice

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Muhamad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Psychological Dimension ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Complex Dimensions ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of

Studies of Islam in Southeast Asia have sought to better understand its multifacetedand complex dimensions, although one may make a generalizedcategorization of Muslim beliefs and practices based on a fundamental differencein ideologies and strategies, such as cultural and political Islam.Anna M. Gade’s Perfection Makes Practice stresses the cultural aspect ofIndonesian Muslim practices by analyzing the practices of reciting andmemorizing the Qur’an, as well as the annual competition.Muslim engagement with the Qur’an has tended to emphasize the cognitiveover the psychological dimension. Perfection Makes Practice analyzesthe role of emotion in these undertakings through a combination ofapproaches, particularly the history of religions, ethnography, psychology,and anthropology. By investigating Qur’anic practitioners in Makassar,South Sulawesi, during the 1990s, Gade argues that the perfection of theQur’an as a perceived, learned, and performed text has made and remade thepractitioners, as well as other members of the Muslim community, to renewor increase their engagement with the holy text. In this process, she suggests,moods and motivation are crucial to preserving the recited Qur’an and revitalizingthe Muslim community.In chapter 1, Gade begins with a theoretical consideration for her casestudy. Drawing from concepts that emphasize the importance of feeling andemotion in ritual and religious experience, she develops a conceptualizationof this engagement. In chapter 2, Gade explains memorization within thecontext of the self and social relations. She argues that Qur’anic memorizershave a special relationship with its style and structure, as well as with thesocial milieu. Although Qur’anic memorization is a normal practice for mostMuslims, its practitioners have learned how to memorize and recite beautifullysome or all of the Qur’an’s verses, a process that requires emotion ...

Reputation and Social Ties: J. P. Morgan & Co. and Private Investment Banking

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susie J. Pak
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Investment Banking ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Focusing on the private investment bank of J. P. Morgan & Co., this article examines the unique perspective that the history of private investment banking offers the study of reputation with regard to the role of social ties. Drawing from a larger study that looks at intersecting social and economic networks of New York private bankers before the Second World War, the article studies the ways in which the Morgan partners' social networks worked to maintain their reputation by creating an institutional structure for firm cohesion, establishing access to information and resources outside the firm, and fostering a culture of exclusivity that signaled the firm's standing and its ties relative to their competitors or other elite bankers.

scholarly journals INCREASING EFFECTIVENESS WAQF ROLE IN EDUCATION IN INDUSTRI REVOLUTION 4.0 ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Cecep Soleh Kurniawan ◽  
Mas Nooraini Mohiddin
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Style

The vital role of waqf institution and its contribution in many sectors becomes the core of the strongest economy in the Muslim community in the past at present. Waqf is the main sponsorship for the Muslim community when its function is to eliminate ignorance through education. Education is the most important thing in this era which can change an individual style of life. The success of education can become a medium in developing the country through the success of producing a quality, potential, creative and innovative product. This research tends to explore the history of waqf and education in order to identify the way of improving the waqf role in this era. A descriptive research methodology will be used. Analyzing information from secondary data such as journals, paper works, and relevant articles will be done. Waqf Management and administration should be done in order to prepare for the Industry Revolution 4.0 which robotic has replaced human resources. The effectiveness of waqf in education will enable to produce quality human resources and provide a better education for the community.

Poetry of Belonging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khan Mahmudabad
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals

This book examines facets of North Indian Muslim identity, c. 1850–1950. It focuses specifically on the role of literature and poetry as the medium through which certain Muslim ‘voices’ articulated, negotiated, configured, and expressed their understandings of what it meant to be Muslim and Indian, given the sociopolitical exigencies of the time. Specifically, a history of the public space of poetry will be presented and half of the book will chart a history of the mushā‘irah (poetic symposium) over this period. In doing so it will analyse the multiple ways in which this space adapted to the changing economic, social, political and technological contexts of the time. The second half of the book will present a history of the ideas that were often articulated in the space of the mushā‘irah and changing notions of the watan (homeland) amongst various Muslim individuals will be analysed. In particular, the book will seek to locate changing ideas of hubb-e watanī (patriotism) in order to offer new perspectives on how Muslim intellectuals, poets, political leaders, and journalists conceived of and expressed their relationship to India and to the trans-national Muslim community. Thus the book will seek to locate the different registers and rhetorics of belonging in order to illustrate the diverse and disparate ways in which Muslims expressed ideas of qaum (community), millat, and ummah (religious fraternity) and their effect on Indian Muslim political identity.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Jyoti Gulati Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Textual Production ◽  
History Of

The Introduction establishes the historical and historiographical context for the production of Persian narrative texts in Gujarat in the fifteenth century. It emphasizes the role of Sufi texts as sites where an expanding Muslim community’s past in Gujarat was narrated and negotiated. At the same time, it places this development within a longer history of Muslim settlements and Sufi textual production in the subcontinent. The Introduction further discusses the importance of spatial contexts for the dissemination of texts, primarily Sufi residences and tomb-shrines, and in creating a regional identity and a history of the Muslim community that was unique to Gujarat.

scholarly journals Intergroup contact and its effects on discriminatory attitudes Evidence from India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Shed Light

The contact hypothesis posits that having diverse neighbours may reduce one’s intergroup prejudice. This hypothesis is difficult to test as individuals self-select into neighbourhoods. Using a slum relocation programme in India that randomly assigned neighbours, I examine the effects of exposure to other-caste neighbours on trust and attitudes towards members of other castes. Combining administrative data on housing assignment with original survey data on attitudes, I find evidence corroborating the contact hypothesis. Exposure to more neighbours of other castes increases inter-caste trust, support for inter-caste marriage, and the belief that caste injustice is growing. I explore the role of friendships in facilitating these favourable attitudes. The findings shed light on the positive effects of exposure to diverse social groups through close proximity in neighbourhoods.

A Concept of Philosophy in the Qur'anic Context

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-182
Author(s):  
Alparslan Acikgenc
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
History Of

One of the most debated subjects in philosophy is the nature andsubject matter of philosophy itself. It is pethaps the only discipline thatcritically discusses its own natum. This is one msan that has led philosophers,particularly after the nineteenth century, to distinguish philosophyfrom such other experimental sciences as physics, biology, or astronomy.When we add to this the nature of subjects discussed in philosophy, asopposed to the issues discussed in those sciences, the sharp distinctionbetween the two becomes decisively clear.It is our aim to investigate critically the nature of philosophical subjects,which constitub basically the method of philosophy, in order toarrive at a concept of philosophy that is acceptable to the Qur'anic perspective,which can be taken, as we shall see, as a contribution towardthe effort of Islamization. Our discussion requim the development of aclear conception of the term "philosophy." If we am to develop an Islamicconcept of philosophy, then we are required in the first instance toclarify what we mean by philosophy. We feel compelled to do this, becausein the history of human thought thew am more than a score ofconceptions about the nature, purpose, and subject matter of philosophy.However, settling this problem alone does not fulfill the task of our paper.We must, moreover, show what the role of philosophy may be in thissociety (in general) so that we can delineate mow effectively its significancein a Muslim community (in particular). Finally, we must try tojustify our arguments from the Qur'anic perspective in order to defendthe conception of philosophy that is to be developed hew as an adequateone.The discussion, then, will be divided into three main sections. Thefirst section will be devoted to "what philosophy is." In the second, weshall elucidate what we shall tern the "Qur'anic conception of or attitude ...

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