Dependence Level of Rural Landless Households on Allocated Communal Land: Evidences from Kilte Awlaelo and Atsbi Wenberta Districts, Tigrai Region Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teklay Negash ◽  
Shunji Oniki ◽  
Melaku Berhe
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
Dependence Level

The problem of landlessness has become one of the major challenges facing rural farmers in Tigrai region since the early 1990s. To address the problem, the regional government of Tigrai started to redistribute degraded communal land to landless farmers by ensuring their participation in soil and water conservation activities and willingness to engage in the programme. Thus, the specific objectives of this study are to examine the livelihood options and analyse their economic dependence level of the rural landless households on the apportioned degraded communal land. Data were collected from randomly selected landless households and analysed using descriptive and econometric techniques. Accordingly, the study identified plantation of timber trees, grass collection, engaging in animal fattening, fruit or vegetable production, beekeeping and poultry production were the major livelihood activities practised in the allocated degraded communal land. The study also indicated that the major factors influencing the dependence level of rural landless households on allocated communal land include gender of household head, marital status of household head, distance to farmers’ training centre, livestock holding, land ownership, experience in the programme, communal land ownership type, financial support and per capita expenditure of the households. Therefore, the study concluded that even if the regional government tried to solve the problem of landlessness through hillside distribution programme, it could not sufficiently support the livelihood of the landless rural households in the study districts.

scholarly journals Determinants of Mangoes and Red Peppers Market Supply in Ahferom and Kola-Tembien Districts of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
K. Girmalem Nirea ◽  
S. Negussie ◽  
G. Degye
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Market Information ◽  
Red Peppers ◽  
Land Size

The major aim of this paper was to examine the factors that determine market supply of mangoes and red peppers by smallholder growers in Ahferom and Kola-Tembien Districts of Tigray National Regional State, Northern Ethiopia. Data were collected from a sample of 192 mango growers and 191 red pepper growers. Both descriptive statistics and econometric analysis applied for analyzing the collected data. The multiple linear regression model was applied to identify the factors determining mango and red pepper market supply. The result of the descriptive analysis showed that level of mangoes and red peppers production has been raised owing to high intervention and follow up of the regional government on the sector through increasing level of accountability and building competitive sprite among agricultural extension workers. 53.6% of the sample mango growers and 27.6% of the sample red pepper growers sold their produces to retailers. The result of the estimated parameter also indicated that level of mango production, sex of the household head, household family size, access to credit and total land size were the factors that determine marketable supply of mangoes by smallholder growers. Similarly, distance to nearest market, access to market information, total land size, cooperative membership and selling price were found to be determinants of the market supply of red peppers. Finally, the study recommended intervention in appropriate distribution of inputs, improvement in rural infrastructure, promoting and expanding mango and red pepper production for export and ensuring fair trade. The current market oriented agricultural system has to be supported by mechanisms of gathering and distributing market information, appropriate crop pricing and market linkages, which enhance market supply and improve the economic and social bargaining power of growers. Keywords: determinant, market supply, production, smallholder growers.

scholarly journals Smallholder Farmers’ Decision to Participate in Vegetable Marketing and the Volume of Sales in West Shewa Zone of Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Aman Rikitu ◽  
Bezabih Emana ◽  
Jema Haji ◽  
Ketema Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Civic Organization ◽  
Education Participation

This study examines vegetable producers’ market participation and sales volume using cross-sectional data obtained from 385 randomly and proportionately sampled households from West Shewa zone, Oromia region of Ethiopia. Heckman two-step procedure was used to analyse the determinants of participation in vegetables markets and volume of sales during the study period. Probit model shows that education level, distance to nearest market, access to irrigation, use of pesticide and participation in any civic organization significantly affect market participation decision. Further, results from ordinary least squares regression show that sex of household head, land size, distance to farmer training centre, access to irrigation, use of pesticide and participation in civic organization significantly affect the level of market participation of the farm households in vegetable markets. The findings imply that support for female households, improving adult based education, participation in civic organization, infrastructure, access to irrigation and improved inputs are a means to increase vegetable production market participation and sales volume in West Shewa, Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Analysis of Improved Indigenous Chicken Adoption Among Smallholder Farmers: Case of Makueni and Kakamega Counties, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Kamau ◽  
Lucy W. Kabuage ◽  
Eric K. Bett
Keyword(s):  
Food Policy ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Adoption Decision

Indigenous chicken (IC) production is a source of food security and income among smallholder farmers within high potential areas and semi-arid lands (ASAL). The demand for IC eggs and meat is anticipated to increase threefold by the year 2020 by health conscious consumers. However, potential of IC to contribute to household incomes and poverty alleviation in ASAL is constrained by slow maturity of IC and low productivity. Hence, to address these constraints improved indigenous chicken (IIC) technologies have been developed and introduced to smallholders in high potential area and ASAL. However, only a few smallholder farmers have adopted the IIC technologies. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the effect of farmer socioeconomic characteristics on adoption and intensity of adoption the IIC technology in Makueni and Kakamega counties. A total of 384 households were sampled using multi-stage sampling to collect data through interviews. The collected data was analyzed using a double hurdle model. The results suggest that sex of the household head, farm size, group membership, which had not been previously identified in IIC studies as a significant variable, distance to training centre, off-farm activities and IIC awareness significantly affected adoption decision of improved IC. On the other hand education of the household head, household size, farm size, source of information on IIC and awareness on IIC had significant effects on the level of adoption. The recommendations from this study have an implication on extension policy, land use policy, food policy, collective action and pricing policy in the context of technology adoption in Kenya.

scholarly journals Non-Chemical Weed Management in Vegetables by Using Cover Crops: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husrev Mennan ◽  
Khawar Jabran ◽  
Bernard H. Zandstra ◽  
Firat Pala
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Negative Effects

Vegetables are a substantial part of our lives and possess great commercial and nutritional value. Weeds not only decrease vegetable yield but also reduce their quality. Non-chemical weed control is important both for the organic production of vegetables and achieving ecologically sustainable weed management. Estimates have shown that the yield of vegetables may be decreased by 45%–95% in the case of weed–vegetable competition. Non-chemical weed control in vegetables is desired for several reasons. For example, there are greater chances of contamination of vegetables by herbicide residue compared to cereals or pulse crops. Non-chemical weed control in vegetables is also needed due to environmental pollution, the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds and a strong desire for organic vegetable cultivation. Although there are several ways to control weeds without the use of herbicides, cover crops are an attractive choice because these have a number of additional benefits (such as soil and water conservation) along with the provision of satisfactory and sustainable weed control. Several cover crops are available that may provide excellent weed control in vegetable production systems. Cover crops such as rye, vetch, or Brassicaceae plants can suppress weeds in rotations, including vegetables crops such as tomato, cabbage, or pumpkin. Growers should also consider the negative effects of using cover crops for weed control, such as the negative allelopathic effects of some cover crop residues on the main vegetable crop.

scholarly journals Effects of land use, slope gradient, and soil and water conservation structures on runoff and soil loss in semi-arid Northern Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebeyehu Taye ◽  
Jean Poesen ◽  
Bas Van Wesemael ◽  
Matthias Vanmaercke ◽  
Daniel Teka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Soil And Water

scholarly journals Vegetable Business and Smallholders’ Food Security: Empirical Findings from Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebede Gebru ◽  
Maggi Leung ◽  
Crelis Rammelt ◽  
Annelies Zoomers ◽  
Guus van Westen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Market Distance

In Ethiopia, there have been increased efforts to promote market-oriented vegetable production. Given that food security is a crucial issue in Ethiopia, the question is whether market-oriented vegetable production will actually help farmers to become more food secure. Using a mixed methods approach, the present research gathered empirical evidence on the determinants of participation in the vegetable business and its food security impacts in the Raya Azebo district. The Heckman two-stage selection model was used to identify factors affecting participation in the vegetable business and its effects on several food security outcomes. A thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. The results show that a farmer’s participation in the vegetable business increased significantly with adequate household productive resources (e.g., land size and access to irrigation), cooperative memberships and access to extension services. On the other hand, the age of the head of household, the market distance and risk perceptions significantly decreased participation. Additionally, the results indicate participation in the vegetable business results not only in higher food availability and access but also in lower food variety and diet diversity scores. Participation has less of an impact on per capita kilocalorie consumption and child anthropometric measures of food security. The policy implication is that, while Ethiopia is going ahead with inclusive market-driven approaches to food security, alternative mechanisms must be put in place to address the negative impacts and to empower those living in the most vulnerable conditions.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit analysis of soil and water conservation measure: The case of exclosures in northern Ethiopia

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedru Babulo Balana ◽  
Bart Muys ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Katrien Descheemaeker ◽  
Jozef Deckers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Conservation Measure ◽  
Soil And Water

scholarly journals Criminal Law in The Land Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Daimon Daimon
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
False Information ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
The Status

One of the natural wealth or natural resources created by God Almighty that is needed for human life is land. Humans live on land and obtain food by utilizing land. Human life cannot be separated from the land. The emergence of a legal dispute is originated from the objection of the guideline of a land right both to the status of the land, its priorities and ownership in the hope of obtaining administrative settlement in accordance with applicable regulations. This study uses normative juridical research methods so that the sources used are sourced from literature and legal literature. the conclusion in this study is The modus operandi in the occurrence of land disputes usually involves a systematic network between financiers, land speculators, land certificate brokers, thugs, regional government officials, the police and of course BPN elements. Commonly used modus operandi: Use of falsified land rights; Counterfeiting Warkah; Provision of false information; Letter forgery; Fictitious buying and selling; Fraud or embezzlement; Lease; Suing land ownership; Mastering thug-style land.

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