scholarly journals Characterizing The Biological Constituents Of Platelet-poor Plasma--do The Platelets Matter? A Prospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Mannava ◽  
Kaitlyn E. Whitney ◽  
Jillian King ◽  
Mitchell Kennedy ◽  
Grant Dornan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Significant Positive Association

Objectives: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is comprised of several biologically active factors that can stimulate musculoskeletal healing processes. The supernatant of PRP, known as PPP, is biologically active and may also stimulate tissue regeneration. In some instances, such as muscle injury, PPP may be preferred to PRP in order to stimulate muscle regrowth in a basic science study that was previously performed. Platelet poor plasma (PPP) is has several biologically active molecular factors that may be utilized to stimulate tissue healing. While platelet rich plasma has been previously studied and characterized, few studies have sought to quantify the biological constituents of PPP. The purpose of this study was to quantitate and assess growth factors, other chemokines, and cytokines in PPP derived from human peripheral blood that has been centrifuged. Study Design: Non-randomized, prospective cohort study; Level of evidence: 2. Methods: Peripheral blood was drawn to create PPP at three time points from sixteen healthy volunteers. Hematology analysis was conducted on the PPP to quantify the platelet fold-difference from baseline measurements. The PPP samples were immediately assayed and analyzed on the MagPix® following processing completion. Specific immunoassay kits used were human cytokine/chemokine magnetic bead panel, TGF-β magnetic bead panel, MMP magnetic bead panel 1, and MMP magnetic bead panel 2. Results: Among the biological factors tested, there was a significant positive association, defined by two factors being associated in that when one factor increases the other also increases, between BMI and the biological composition of PPP with PDGF AA, PDGF AB, MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-12 (p<0.05). Similarly, there was a significant positive association (p<0.05), between age and biological composition of PPP for MMP-9 and MMP-7. Conclusion: PPP has several biological factors, both anabolic and catabolic, that can potentially be utilized in musculoskeletal medicine to treat various conditions, such as muscle injury. PPP is biologically active and this study characterizes its anabolic and catabolic profile. These factors are influenced by certain demographic factors such as age and body mass index (BMI). Higher BMI significantly correlated to higher levels of PDGF AA, PDGF AB, MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-12 in PPP. This supernatant of the better-studied PRP is biological active and warrants further investigation for its therapeutic potential. Platelets could change the biological composition of plasma utilized for regenerative medicine applications, but this study demonstrates that the plasma alone has biological properties that may provide benefit in treating certain musculoskeletal conditions. This study will help clinicians better understand the biological nature of PPP and may aide in the more targeted use of PPP therapeutically.

Genetic polymorphisms associated with the risk of concussion in 1056 college athletes: a multicentre prospective cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Roland Terrell ◽  
Ruth Abramson ◽  
Jeffery T Barth ◽  
Ellen Bennett ◽  
Robert C Cantu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
American Football ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Background/aimTo evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms APOE, APOE G-219T promoter, microtubule associated protein(MAPT)/tau exon 6 Ser53Pro, MAPT/tau Hist47Tyr, IL-6572 G/C and IL-6RAsp358Ala with the risk of concussion in college athletes.MethodsA 23-centre prospective cohort study of 1056 college athletes with genotyping was completed between August 2003 and December 2012. All athletes completed baseline medical and concussion questionnaires, and post-concussion data were collected for athletes with a documented concussion.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 1056 athletes of mean±SD age 19.7±1.5 years, 89.3% male, 59.4% Caucasian, 35.0% African-American, 5.6% other race. The athletes participated in American football, soccer, basketball, softball, men’s wrestling and club rugby. A total of 133 (12.1% prevalence) concussions occurred during an average surveillance of 3 years per athlete. We observed a significant positive association between IL-6R CC (p=0.001) and a negative association between APOE4 (p=0.03) and the risk of concussion. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between IL-6R CC and concussion (OR 3.48; 95% CI 1.58 to 7.65; p=0.002) and between the APOE4 allele and concussion (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.96; p=0.04), which persisted after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsIL-6R CC was associated with a three times greater concussion risk and APOE4 with a 40% lower risk.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Glucose Monitoring Practices of Nurses in Stroke Care: A Descriptive Cohort Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ann Laird ◽  
Vivien E. Coates ◽  
Assumpta A. Ryan ◽  
Mark O. McCarron ◽  
Diane Lyttle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
History Of

Glucose derangement is commonly observed among adults admitted to hospital with acute stroke. This paper presents the findings from a descriptive cohort study that investigated the glucose monitoring practices of nurses caring for adults admitted to hospital with stroke or transient ischaemic attack. We found that a history of diabetes mellitus was strongly associated with initiation of glucose monitoring and higher frequency of that monitoring. Glucose monitoring was continued for a significantly longer duration of days for adults with a history of diabetes mellitus, when compared to the remainder of the cohort. As glucose monitoring was not routine practice for adults with no history of diabetes mellitus, the detection and treatment of hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia events could be delayed. There was a significant positive association between the admission hospital that is most likely to offer stroke unit care and the opportunity for glucose monitoring. We concluded that adults with acute stroke, irrespective of their diabetes mellitus status prior to admission to hospital, are vulnerable to both hyperglycaemic and hypoglycaemic events. This study suggests that the full potential of nurses in the monitoring of glucose among hospitalised adults with stroke has yet to be realised.

Peripheral blood culture contamination in adults and venepuncture technique: prospective cohort study

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Qamruddin ◽  
N Khanna ◽  
D Orr
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Peripheral Blood Culture ◽  
Protocol Compliance ◽  
Hospital Protocol

Aims:To test the hypothesis that compliance with a hospital protocol on peripheral blood culture (PBC) collection in adults is associated with a reduction in PBC contamination, and to investigate likely contributing factors for contamination.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted, utilising data collection by participant questionnaire completion, and utilising bacteriology laboratory results on PBCs. Participants were all healthcare workers involved in obtaining PBCs from adults.Results:1460 PBCs with questionnaires were received. Contamination among the 1460 PBCs as a whole was 8.8%. 766 of the questionnaires were sufficiently complete to allow analysis of blood culture contamination in relation to protocol compliance. Among these, protocol compliance was 30% and contamination was 8.0%. When the protocol was complied with, 2.6% of PBCs were contaminated, but when the protocol was not followed, contamination was significantly higher at 10.3% (OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.84 to 12.54). Univariate analysis on all 1460 PBCs suggested that the site for blood collection, and disinfection of the venepuncture site were important factors in PBC contamination: when no venepuncture site disinfection was performed, contamination was significantly higher than when alcohol was used (5.1% versus 15.8%, OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.01 to 5.97); when a PBC collection site other than a fresh peripheral vein was used, contamination was significantly higher (7.3% versus 12.0%, OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.96).Conclusions:Compliance with a hospital protocol on PBC collection technique in adults significantly reduces blood culture contamination.

scholarly journals Birth order is associated with caries development in young children: a register-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Julihn ◽  
F. C. Soares ◽  
U. Hammarfjord ◽  
A. Hjern ◽  
G. Dahllöf
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Born Child ◽  
Caries Increment

Abstract Background Birth order has been shown to affect the health of the child; less is known, however, about how birth order affects caries development in children. Thus, the present study investigated the association between birth order and dental caries development in young children. Methods This retrospective registry-based cohort study included all children born in 2000–2003 who were residing in Stockholm County, Sweden, at age 3 years (n = 83,147). The study followed the cohort until subjects reached 7 years of age. Children with registry data on dental examinations and sociodemographic characteristics at ages 3- and 7 years constituted the final study cohort (n = 65,259). The outcome variable was “caries increment from age 3- to 7 years” (Δdeft > 0) and the key exposure, “birth order”, was divided into five groups. A forward stepwise logistic binary regression was done for the multivariate analysis with adjustments for sociodemographic factors. Results At age 3 years, 94% had no fillings or manifest caries lesions. During the study period, 22.5% (n = 14,711) developed dental caries. The final logistic regression analysis found a statistically significant positive association between birth order and caries increment. Further, excess risk increased with higher birth order; with the mother’s first-born child as reference, risk for the second-born child was OR 1.17, 95% CI = 1.12–1.23; for the third-born child, OR 1.47, 95% CI = 1.38–1.56; for the fourth-born child, OR 1.69, 95% CI = 1.52–1.88; and for the fifth-born or higher birth-order child, OR 1.84, 95% CI = 1.58–2.14. Conclusions These findings show that birth order influences caries development in siblings, suggesting that birth order can be regarded as a predictor for caries development in young children. This factor may be helpful in assessing caries risk in preschool children and should be considered in caries prevention work in young children with older siblings.

scholarly journals Why PRP works only on certain patients with tennis elbow? Is PDGFB gene a key for PRP therapy effectiveness? A prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Niemiec ◽  
Karol Szyluk ◽  
Anna Balcerzyk ◽  
Marcin Kalita ◽  
Alicja Jarosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Tennis Elbow ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Polymorphic Variants

Abstract Background There is variability in individual response to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in tennis elbow treatment. Genetic variation, especially within genes encoding growth factors may influence the observed inter-individual differences. The purpose of this study was to identify polymorphic variants of the platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide gene (PDGFB) that determine an improved individual response to PRP therapy in tennis elbow patients. Methods This prospective cohort study was designed in accordance with STROBE and MIBO guidelines. A cohort of 107 patients (132 elbows, 25 bilateral) was studied, including 65 females (77 elbows) and 42 males (55 elbows), aged 24–64 years (median 46.00 ± 5.50), with lateral elbow tendinopathy treated with autologous PRP injection. The effectiveness of PRP therapy was recorded in all subjects at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 52 weeks after PRP injection using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), quick version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (QDASH) and Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE). In order to determine the PDGFB variants with the best response to PRP therapy, patient reported outcome measures were compared between individual genotypes within studied polymorphic variants (rs2285099, rs2285097, rs2247128, rs5757572, rs1800817 and rs7289325). The influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms on blood and PRP parameters, including the concentration of PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB proteins was also analyzed. Results Our analysis identified genetic variants of the PDGFB gene that lead to a better response to PRP therapy. The TT (rs2285099) and CC (rs2285097) homozygotes had higher concentration of platelets in whole blood than carriers of other genotypes (p = 0.018) and showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower values of VAS (weeks 2–12), QDASH and PRTEE (weeks 2–24). The rs2285099 and rs2285097 variants formed strong haplotype block (r2 = 98, D’=100). The AA homozygotes (rs2247128) had significantly lower values of VAS (weeks 4–52), QDASH and PRTEE (weeks 8, 12). Conclusions PDGFB gene’s polymorphisms increase the effectiveness of PRP therapy in tennis elbow treatment. Genotyping two polymorphisms of the PDGFB gene, namely rs2285099 (or rs2285097) and rs2247128 may be a helpful diagnostic tool while assessing patients for PRP therapy and modifying the therapy to improve its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Detection of mammaglobin mRNA in peripheral blood is associated with high grade breast cancer: Interim results of a prospective cohort study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaidi Mikhitarian ◽  
Renee Hebert Martin ◽  
Megan Baker Ruppel ◽  
William E Gillanders ◽  
Rana Hoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
High Grade

scholarly journals Birth order is associated with caries development in young children: a register-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Julihn ◽  
Fernanda Cunha Soares ◽  
Ulrika Hammarfjord ◽  
Anders Hjern ◽  
Göran Dahllöf
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Born Child ◽  
Caries Increment

Abstract Background: Birth order has been shown to affect the health of the child; less is known, however, about how birth order affects caries development in children. Thus, the present study investigated the association between birth order and dental caries development in young children. Methods: This retrospective registry-based cohort study included all children born in 2000–2003 who were residing in Stockholm County, Sweden, at age 3 years (n = 83,147). The study followed the cohort until subjects reached 7 years of age. Children with registry data on dental examinations and sociodemographic characteristics at ages 3- and 7 years constituted the final study cohort (n = 65,259). The outcome variable was “caries increment from age 3- to 7 years” (Δdeft > 0) and the key exposure, “birth order”, was divided into five groups. A forward stepwise logistic binary regression was done for the multivariate analysis with adjustments for sociodemographic factors. Results: At age 3 years, 94% had no fillings or manifest caries lesions. During the study period, 22.5% (n = 14,711) developed dental caries. The final logistic regression analysis found a statistically significant positive association between birth order and caries increment. Further, excess risk increased with higher birth order; with the mother’s first-born child as reference, risk for the second-born child was OR 1.17, 95% CI=1.12–1.23; for the third-born child, OR 1.47, 95% CI=1.38–1.56; for the fourth-born child, OR 1.69, 95% CI=1.52–1.88; and for the fifth-born or higher birth-order child, OR 1.84, 95% CI=1.58–2.14. Conclusions: These findings show that birth order influences caries development in siblings, suggesting that birth order can be regarded as a predictor for caries development in young children. This factor may be helpful in assessing caries risk in preschool children and should be considered in caries prevention work in young children with older siblings.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cell numbers are associated with protection from COVID-19: A prospective cohort study in keyworkers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wyllie ◽  
Ranya Mulchandani ◽  
Hayley E Jones ◽  
Sian Taylor-Phillips ◽  
Tim Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Immune Correlates

AbstractBackgroundImmune correlates of protection from COVID-19 are important, but incompletely understood.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in 2,826 participants working in hospitals and Fire and Police services in England, UK during the pandemic(ISRCTN5660922). Of these, 2,672 were unselected volunteers recruited irrespective of previous SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results, and 154 others were recruited separately specifically because they previously tested positive. At recruitment in June 2020, we measured numbers of interferon-γ secreting, SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cells using T-SPOT®Discovery SARS-CoV-2 kits (Oxford Immunotec Ltd), and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 proteins using commercial immunoassays. We then described time to microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, stratified by immunological parameters.ResultsT cells responsive to the spike (S), nuclear (N) and membrane proteins (M) dominated the responses measured. Using the sum of the spots (responsive cells within each well of 250,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells) for S, N and M antigens minus the control, the 2,672 unselected participants were divided into those with higher responses (n=669, 25.4%; median 30 spots (IQR 18,54)) and those with low responses (n=2016, 76.7%, median 3 (IQR 1,6)), the cutoff we derived being 12 spots. Of the participants with higher T cell responses, 367 (53%) had detectable antibodies against the N or S proteins. During a median of 118 days follow-up, 20 participants with lower T cell responses developed COVID-19, compared with none in the population with high T cell responses (log-rank test, p=6×10−3).ConclusionsPeripheral blood SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cell numbers are associated with risk of developing COVID-19.

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