THE COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO METHODS FOR THE RELIEF OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PAIN USING OXFORD KNEE SCORE (IMPROVEMENT CHANGES AFTER 4 WEEK FOLLOW UP INJECTION) : INTRAARTICULAR AND GENICULAR NERVE BLOCK IN BLAMBANGAN GENERAL DISTRICT HOSPITAL BANYUWANGI

Pain is the hallmark symptom of OA. IACI can be considered as an adjunct to core treatment for the relief of moderate to severe pain in people with knee OA. Recent study reported successful pain relief by ablation of the three branches of the Genicular nerve [superior lateral (SL), superior medial (SM), and inferior medial (IM). In the ultrasound-guided GNB technique, these three nerves were selected for the same reasons. Previous studies have identified OKS thresholds to aid the clinician in presenting the expected outcome of surgery in a meaningful way to the patient (OKS provides a means of comparing preoperative and post-operative health status).This cross-sectional, respondents were filled OKS questionaire, and they were self-reported a diagnosis of OA at least one knee by a physician, reported more than 3 months of persistent OA pain. These data were collected at the first post-injection (IACI &GNB) and at 4 week followup visit. The analysis was performed by Independent T-test in SPSS version 22. In IACI group the mean of initial OKS was 37,81±6,87 compare to 34,94±6.14 in GNB group. After 4 weeks, it increased to 42±7.14 and 42,84±7,67 respectively. A total of 82 patients were randomized, with patients receiving an injection, 32 receiving IAIC injection and 50 receiving GNB injection. From Independent Samples T Test, GNB injection demonstrated significantly greater pain reductions and greater percent OKS score improvement than IACI up to 4 weeks postinjection. Comparing two methods, there were significant difference between two groups based on OKS: p=0.000

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Evaluation of Reduction Accuracy of Suture-Button and Screw Fixation Techniques for Syndesmotic Injuries

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/1071100716661221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 1317-1325 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Onur Kocadal ◽

Mehmet Yucel ◽

Murad Pepe ◽

Ertugrul Aksahin ◽

Cem Nuri Aktekin

Keyword(s):

Screw Fixation ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Functional Evaluation ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suture Button ◽

Fixation Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Among the most important predictors of functional results of treatment of syndesmotic injuries is the accurate restoration of the syndesmotic space. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reduction performance of screw fixation and suture-button techniques using images obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods: Patients at or below 65 years who were treated with screw or suture-button fixation for syndesmotic injuries accompanying ankle fractures between January 2012 and March 2015 were retrospectively reviewed in our regional trauma unit. A total of 52 patients were included in the present study. Fixation was performed with syndesmotic screws in 26 patients and suture-button fixation in 26 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the fixation methods. Postoperative CT scans were used for radiologic evaluation. Four parameters (anteroposterior reduction, rotational reduction, the cross-sectional syndesmotic area, and the distal tibiofibular volumes) were taken into consideration for the radiologic assessment. Functional evaluation of patients was done using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale at the final follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 16.7 ± 11.0 months, and the mean age was 44.1 ± 13.2. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the degree of fibular rotation ( P = .03) and an increase in the upper syndesmotic area ( P = .006) compared with the contralateral limb in the screw fixation group. In the suture-button fixation group, there was a statistically significant increase in the lower syndesmotic area ( P = .02) and distal tibiofibular volumes ( P = .04) compared with the contralateral limbs. The mean AOFAS scores were 88.4 ± 9.2 and 86.1 ± 14.0 in the suture-button fixation and screw fixation group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the functional ankle joint scores between the groups. Conclusion: Although the functional outcomes were similar, the restoration of the fibular rotation in the treatment of syndesmotic injuries by screw fixation was troublesome and the volume of the distal tibiofibular space increased with the suture-button fixation technique. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.

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Comparison of the Infertility-Related Stress Among Couples and its Relationship With Infertility Factors

International Journal of Women s Health and Reproduction Sciences ◽

10.15296/ijwhr.2019.52 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 313-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Razhan Chehreh ◽

Giti Ozgoli ◽

Khadijeh Abolmaali ◽

Malihe Nasiri ◽

Elahe Mazaheri

Keyword(s):

Treatment Failure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

T Test ◽

Social Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Inducing Factors ◽

Related Stress

Objectives: Inability to have a child is stressful and affects all aspects of couples’ lives. Infertility diagnosis, duration and reason of infertility, treatment failure, and frequent pregnancy tests are among the stress-inducing factors in couples. The current study aimed to compare infertility-related stress among couples and evaluate its relationships with infertility factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 infertile couples (300 individuals) visiting infertility centers of Tehran. The data were collected using the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI) and fertility and demographic characteristics form. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling method. The data were analyzed through inferential statistics, including paired samples t-test, independent samples t test, ANOVA, and linear regression. Results: According to the results, the mean stress score of women was significantly higher than that of the men (P=0.007). There was a significant difference between males and females regarding the mean scores of social concern and need for parenthood (P=0.005). The mean score of infertility-related stress was also significantly higher in women with treatment failure than in men (P=0.01). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, infertile women experienced greater stress than males. Furthermore, infertility-related stress increased in women due to treatment failure. Therefore, it is recommended that women who have experienced treatment failure be subjected to precise psychological evaluations before undergoing the treatment process.

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Knowledge and Attitude on Pain Management among Final Year Nursing and Midwifery Students of Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol03-i12/493 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Kuenzang . ◽

Hari Prasad Pokhrel ◽

Passang Lhamo Sherpa

Keyword(s):

Pain Management ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

T Test ◽

Pain Clinic ◽

Care Process ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

The Mean

Pain management is the most important component of nursing care process and it is crucial for nurses to have a good level of knowledge on pain management. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 44 final year General Nursing and Midwifery students at the Faculty of Nursing and Public Health, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan in May 2016. Independent samples T- test was used to assess the association. The mean (SD) age of the respondents was 22.66 years (1.26). Over two-thirds (81.8%) of the participants had a poor level of knowledge and a majority (90.9%) of them had never been posted to a pain clinic. Over a half of them (56.8%) had negative attitude towards pain management. Independent samples t-test detected a significant difference in the mean knowledge scores between students who regularly used pain assessment scales and those who did not use the scales respectively. The study recommends to include pain management as a standalone module to better equip the nurses with knowledge on pain management. Mandatory posting of the students in pain clinic will provide the students with an opportunity to practice the skills.

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PERBANDINGAN KADAR ZINC PADA PERSALINAN PRETERM DAN KEHAMILAN NORMAL

Jurnal IPTEKS Terapan ◽

10.22216/jit.2018.v12i3.3827 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 212

Author(s):

Visti Delvina ◽

Arni Amir ◽

Ermawati Ermawati

Keyword(s):

Preterm Labor ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Zinc Level ◽

T Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Zinc Levels

The Comparative Zinc Levels in Preterm Labor and Normal Pregnancy<h1 align="center">ABSTRACT</h1> Preterm labor occurs between 20 weeks and before 37 weeks of pregnancy. It is indicated by regular contractions of the uterus and it may cause the thinning and flattening of the cervix. Preterm labor also causes the high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Deficiency zinc during pregnancy can stimulate the preterm labor. The design of this reseacrh was a comparative cross sectional study. It was conducted in Rasidin District Hospital, Siti Rahmah Hospital and Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang on Februari 2017 to June 2018. There were 50 samples in this reseach. It was selected by consecutive sampling. The samples were divided into two groups: preterm labor and normal pregnancy. Zinc levels are examined by the ELISA method. Then, the data were analyzed by using the t test. The results of this reseach showed that the mean zinc level in the preterm labor group was 12.22 ± 0.41 μmol / L and 13.96 ± 0.64 μmol / L of the mean zinc level in the normal pregnancy group with P= 0.000. Moreover, statistical test inffered that there was significant difference between zinc levels in preterm labor and normal pregnancy. In short, it can be concluded that zinc levels group in the preterm labor were lower than the normal pregnancy group. Keywords: Zinc, Preterm Labor Perbandingan Kadar Zinc Pada Persalinan Preterm dan Kehamilan Normal<h1 align="center">ABSTRAK</h1> Persalinan preterm adalah persalinan yang terjadi antara 20 minggu dan sebelum 37 minggu kehamilan yang ditandai adanya kontraksi teratur dari uterus yang dapat menyebabkan penipisan dan pendataran serviks. Persalinan preterm menyebabkan tingginya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas perinatal. Defiseiensi zinc selama kehamilan dapat menstimulasi terjadinya persalinan preterm. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional komparatif, penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Rasidin, RSI Siti Rahmah dan Laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas Padang pada bulan Februari 2017 – Juni 2018. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling, yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu persalinan preterm dan kehamilan normal. Kadar zinc diperiksa dengan metode ELISA. Data dianalisa menggunakan uji t test. Hasil penelitian rerata kadar zinc pada kelompok persalinan preterm 12,22 ± 0,41 µmol/L dan rerata kadar zinc pada kelompok kehamilan normal adalah 13,96 ± 0,64 µmol/L dengan nilai p 0,000. Secara statistik terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar zinc pada persalinan preterm dan kehamilan normal. Kesimpulan, kadar zinc pada kelompok persalinan preterm lebih rendah daripada kelompok kehamilan normal. Kata Kunci : Zinc, Persalinan Preterm

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Posterior dynamic stabilization in the treatment of degenerative lumbar stenosis: validity of its rationale

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2012.9.spine12392 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 24-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kee-Yong Ha ◽

Jun-Yeong Seo ◽

Soon-Eok Kwon ◽

Il-Nam Son ◽

Ki-Won Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ct Images ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Disc Height ◽

Lumbar Stenosis ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Posterior Dynamic Stabilization ◽

The Mean

Object The authors undertook this study to investigate the validity of the rationale for posterior dynamic stabilization using the Device for Intervertebral Assisted Motion (DIAM) in the treatment of degenerative lumbar stenosis. Methods A cohort of 31 patients who underwent single-level decompression and DIAM placement for degenerative lumbar stenosis were followed up for at least 2 years and data pertaining to their cases were analyzed prospectively. Of these patients, 7 had retrolisthesis. Preoperative and postoperative plain lumbar radiographs obtained in all patients and CT images obtained in 14 patients were analyzed. Posterior disc heights; range of motion (ROM) of proximal, distal, and implant segments; lordotic angles of implant segments; percentage of retrolisthesis; and cross-sectional area and heights of intervertebral foramina on CT sagittal images were analyzed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using visual analog scale scores and Oswestry Disability Index scores. Results The mean values for posterior disc height before surgery, at 1 week after surgery, and at the final follow-up visits were 6.4 ± 2.0 mm, 9.7 ± 2.8 mm, and 6.8 ± 2.5 mm, respectively. The mean lordotic angles at the implant levels before surgery, at 1 week after surgery, and at the final follow-up visits were 7.1° ± 3.3°, 4.1° ± 2.7°, and 7.0° ± 3.7°, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the preoperative values and values from final follow-up visits for posterior disc height and lordotic angles at implant levels (p = 0.17 and p = 0.10, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative and final follow-up visit values for intervertebral foramen cross-sectional area and heights on CT images. The ROMs of proximal and distal segments also showed no significant decrease (p = 0.98 and p = 0.92, respectively). However, the ROMs of implant segments decreased significantly (p = 0.02). The average 31.4-month improvement for all clinical outcome measures was significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions Based on radiological findings, the DIAM failed to show validity in terms of the rationale of indirect decompression, but it did restrict motion at the instrumented level without significant change in adjacent-segment ROM. The clinical condition of the patients, however, was improved, and improvement was maintained despite progressive loss of posterior disc height after surgery.

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Computerised tomographic profile of ethmoid roof on basis of keros classification among ethnic Kashmiri’s

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20151134 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Imran Nazir Salroo ◽

Nisar Hussain Dar ◽

Aamir Yousuf ◽

Kousar Sideeq Lone

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Preoperative Assessment ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

T Test ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ethmoid roof on computerized tomography of nose and paranasal sinuses of Kashmiri people and distribute them on basis of KEROS classification.Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study, the randomly selected paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) scans coronal cuts .Total of One hundred PNS CT scans done at the SMHS Hospital from April 2015 to September 2015 were reviewed, and selected for study. The bilateral heights of the lateral lamellae of the cribriform plate were obtained, independently coded, and classified according to keros.Results: The mean height of the lateral lamella among Kashmir’s was seen to be 5.08mm and 29% of patient’s CT PNS were classified as Keros I, 61% were classified as Keros II and 10% were classified as Keros III. There was significant difference in the distribution of Keros classification between the right and left lateral lamella. There was no significant difference in the height of the lateral lamella (t-test: p=0.98 on right side & p =0.89 on left side) and the distribution of Keros classification (Fisher’s Exact test: p = 0.823) among younger (1-14 year) and older (>14 year) Kashmiri age groups. There is significant difference in the height (t-test: p=0.03 on right side and p=0.03 on left side) and the distribution of Keros classification is statistically insignificant (Fishers Exact Test: p=0.11) between Kashmiri females and males.Conclusions: Preoperative assessment of ethmoid roof anatomy and keros level is mandatory for alerting the surgeon of the potential iatrogenic injury during endoscopic sinus surgeries to minimize the grave complications during ESS.

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Perbedaan Rerata Kadar Profil Lipid pada Preeklampsia dengan Kehamilan Normal pada Etnik Minangkabau

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v5i1.438 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Helen Evelina Siringoringo ◽

Yusrawati Yusrawati ◽

Eva Chundrayetti

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Cross Sectional Design

AbstrakPreeklampsia-eklampsia sampai saat ini masih merupakan disease of theory. Kelainan yang terjadi pada penyakit ini adalah disfungsi endotel yang dapat disebabkan oleh perubahan kadar profil lipid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan rerata kadar profil lipid pada preeklampsia dengan kehamilan normal pada etnik Minangkabau. Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional ini dilakukan di RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang, RS Reksodiwiryo Padang dan UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Sumatera Barat. Subjek terdiri dari 2 kelompok yang diambil secara consecutive sampling dengan jumlah masing-masing 27 orang. Pemeriksaan profil lipid dilakukan dengan metode kalorimetri. Analisis data dilakukan secara uji statistik independent t-test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rerata kadar total kolesterol pada kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal adalah 270,19+68,955 mg/dL dan 247,56+44,415 mg/dL dengan nilai p=0,158, rerata kadar trigliserida pada kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal adalah 296,07±157,993 mg/dL dan 272,89±84,608 mg/dL dengan nilai p=0,504, rerata kadar HDL pada kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal adalah 51,93±19,882 mg/dL dan 63,33±11,222 mg/dL dengan nilai p=0,012, rerata kadar LDL pada kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal adalah 159±52,038 mg/dL dan 129,67±38,692 mg/dL dengan nilai p=0,023, rasio perbandingan LDL/HDL pada kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal adalah 3,86 dan 2,04. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan pada kedua kelompok tidak ada perbedaan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida, tetapi ada perbedaan kadar HDL dan LDL , rasio perbandingan LDL/HDL lebih tinggi pada preeklampsia daripada kehamilan normal.Kata kunci: preeklampsia, total kolesterol, trigliserida, HDL, LDL, etnik Minangkabau AbstractPreeclampsia-eklampsia still being a disease of theory. One of abnormality accured in preeclampsia is endothelial disfunction that is caused by changes in lipid profile. The objective of this study was to find out the difference of lipid profile mean level in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy at Minangkabau Ethnic. This was an observational study with cross-sectional design at dr. M.djamil Padang Hospital, dr Reksodiwiryo Hospital and UPTD regional health laboratory of West Sumatera. The subjects consist of two groups, choosen by consecutiteve sampling. Each group consist of 27 subjects. Lipid profile was examined by using independent calorimetric methode. The data analyzed statistically by independent t-test. The result of this study showed mean level of total cholesterol in preeclamsia and normal pregnancy were 270.19±68.955 mg/dL and 247.56±44.415 mg/dL with p-value 0.158. The mean levels of triglyceride in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy were 296.07±157.993 and 272.89±44.415 mg/dL with p-value 0.504. The mean level of HDL in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy were 51.93±19.882 mg/dL and 63.33 mg/dL p-value 0.012. The mean level of LDL in two groups were 159±52.038 mg/dL and 129.67±38.692 mg/dL with p-value 0.023 and the mean levels of LDL/HDL ratio were 3.86±3,09 mg/dLin preeclampsia and 2,08±0,64 in normal pregnancy. It can be concluded that there is no significant difference in total cholesterol and triglyseride between preeclampsia and normal in HDL and LDL and there is significant difference in LDL/HDL ratio between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy at Minangkabau Ethnic.Keywords: preeclampsia, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, Minangkabau Ethnic

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Patients with stage II of the knee osteoarthritis most likely benefit from the intra-articular injections of autologous adipose tissue—from 2 years of follow-up studies

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00402-021-03979-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paweł Bąkowski ◽

Jakub Kaszyński ◽

Cezary Baka ◽

Tomasz Kaczmarek ◽

Kinga Ciemniewska-Gorzela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Large Reservoir ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, chronic, progressive and degenerative disease which affects patients’ quality of life and may cause disability and social isolation. OA is a huge economic burden for the patient and a large strain for the whole healthcare system. Articular cartilage has a small potential to repair, with progressively more clinicians emphasizing cellular therapy. Subcutaneous fat tissue in human body is a large reservoir of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and is been harvested in minimally invasive, simple procedure. The purpose of this study was to define a specific group of patients with knee osteoarthritis, who are the most likely to benefit from the treatment with intra-articular injection of an autologous adipose tissue (AAT). Methods From 2016 to 2018, 59 symptomatic bilateral and unilateral knee OA patients were treated with a single intra-articular (IA) injection of an autologous adipose tissue (AAT). Before the treatment and at the follow-up, the participant was asked to fulfill the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 (IKDC 2000), The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Health Questionnaire EQ-5D-5L and to quantify the pain in the affected joint with a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Moreover, the patients were asked to: (i) assess their satisfaction with the effects of the conducted treatment: from 0 (unsatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied), (ii) describe the rehabilitation, if it was performed (supervised or individual and duration in weeks) and (iii) indicate any additional treatment applied, like IA injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP), knee arthroscopy, partial or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at the follow-up. Results The mean age of 37 participants (16 males and 21 females) included into statistical analysis was 57.78 ± 7.39 years, the mean BMI was 31.30 ± 7.51. The questionnaires were fulfilled after the average follow-up time of 27 ± 6.5 months. A significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with the baseline, was observed in pain [NRS], WOMAC, KOOS index, pain, symptoms, ADL, Sport and Rec, QoL, EQ-5D-5L index. The satisfaction in the whole group was 6.16 ± 3.07. There was no significant difference between satisfied and unsatisfied patients in BMI and pain [NRS] at the baseline. 6 out of 7 patients with stage IV in K-L were unsatisfied with the effects of the treatment with AAT. Discussion The main conclusion of this study is that the patients with stage II of the knee OA with normal BMI are were most likely to benefit from IA injection of AAT, in contrast to the patients with stage IV, who will not beware not satisfied with the effectiveness of this kind of treatment. There were no adverse events reported at the donor site as well as in the treated knee joints.

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Association Between Plasma Beta-endorphin and WOMAC Score in Female Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ◽

10.18585/inabj.v4i2.169 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Hori Hariyanto ◽

John Butar Butar ◽

Gatot Susilo Lawrence ◽

FX Budhianto Suhadi ◽

Andi Husni Tanra

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Womac Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Scoring Method ◽

Keywords Knee ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

BACKGROUND: β-endorphin plays a role in the descending pain control in the central nervous system. Central sensitization may be involved in the generating and maintenance of osteoarthritis (OA) pain. However, the correlation between β-endorphin and pain severity in OA has shown conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between plasma β-endorphin and the severity of the disease. METHODS: This study was an observational cross-sectional study carried out on 60 female subjects with knee OA who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Plasma β-endorphin was measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Osteoarthritis knees were classified by the Kellegren-Lawrence (KL) grading (1-4) criteria. The Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) scoring method was used to assess self-reported physical function, pain and stiffness. RESULTS: The mean of the participants' ages was 58 years old, ranging from 42 to 83 years. Overall, more than 70% of the participants were overweight with a mean of body mass index (BMI) of 27.59. More than 54% of the participants were diagnosed of having KL grading 3 or 4. Plasma β-endorphin was correlated inversely with the WOMAC subscale of stiffness (r=-0.286, p=0.0311), but no correlation was noted with the WOMAC subscale of pain and physical activity. There was no significant difference of the mean of plasma β-endorphin among the KL gradings. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma β-endorphin is associated with better WOMAC total score and stiffness subscale, but not associated with KL grading of OA. KEYWORDS: knee osteoarthritis, female, β-endorphin, WOMAC, Kellgren-Lawrence

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Are Saudi adults supportive of Saudi Food & Drug Authority’s food policies? Assessment of public support & awareness for Saudi Food & Drug Authority’s food policies

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34372/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Suzan Tami ◽

Mohammed Al-Mahish

Keyword(s):

Public Perception ◽

Public Support ◽

Food Products ◽

T Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Food Policies ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Numerous countries, including Saudi Arabia, are considering nutrition and food policies to help control the obesity epidemic and other non-communicable diseases. The present study examined public support and awareness, among Saudi adults, for the Saudi Food and Drugs Authority’s (SFDA) food policies, specifically whether public support and awareness for SFDA policies and regulations have a significant impact on their average Body Mass Index (BMI), and how socio-economic variables impact the public support and awareness for SFDA policies and regulations. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 584 Saudi adults completed an electronic questionnaire, collected data on whether the public were aware and supportive of SFDA’s different food polices and regulations. To examine whether participants’ awareness and support of SFDA’s food policies had a significant impact on their average BMI, two sample t-test was used, and a logistic regression model was used to examine the impact of demographics variables on participants’ support and awareness for SFDA policies and regulations. Results Saudi adults followed SFDA’s latest news and regulations and were supportive of SFDA’s food policies. Particularly, high support was for food policies of requiring restaurants and coffee shops to report calorie amounts in foods and beverages, reducing the salt amount in bread, eliminate hydrogenated oil from food products, and preventing misleading written nutrition information on food products, and preventing food advertisements without permission. The results of the two-sample t-test showed that there was a significant difference in the mean BMI between the participants who followed and those who did not follow SFDA news and regulations. The mean BMI between the participants who cooperated and those who did not cooperate with SFDA by reporting food safety violations was significantly different. The results of the binary logit model indicated that several socio-demographic characteristics were significantly associated with food policy awareness and support. Conclusion The findings of this study may assist nutrition educators to plan programs to improve health-related behaviors, and may allow stakeholders and policy makers to consider public perception and social desirability in the policy-making and implementation process.

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