scholarly journals Are Saudi adults supportive of Saudi Food & Drug Authority’s food policies? Assessment of public support & awareness for Saudi Food & Drug Authority’s food policies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan Tami ◽  
Mohammed Al-Mahish
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Food Products ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Food Policies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Numerous countries, including Saudi Arabia, are considering nutrition and food policies to help control the obesity epidemic and other non-communicable diseases. The present study examined public support and awareness, among Saudi adults, for the Saudi Food and Drugs Authority’s (SFDA) food policies, specifically whether public support and awareness for SFDA policies and regulations have a significant impact on their average Body Mass Index (BMI), and how socio-economic variables impact the public support and awareness for SFDA policies and regulations. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 584 Saudi adults completed an electronic questionnaire, collected data on whether the public were aware and supportive of SFDA’s different food polices and regulations. To examine whether participants’ awareness and support of SFDA’s food policies had a significant impact on their average BMI, two sample t-test was used, and a logistic regression model was used to examine the impact of demographics variables on participants’ support and awareness for SFDA policies and regulations. Results Saudi adults followed SFDA’s latest news and regulations and were supportive of SFDA’s food policies. Particularly, high support was for food policies of requiring restaurants and coffee shops to report calorie amounts in foods and beverages, reducing the salt amount in bread, eliminate hydrogenated oil from food products, and preventing misleading written nutrition information on food products, and preventing food advertisements without permission. The results of the two-sample t-test showed that there was a significant difference in the mean BMI between the participants who followed and those who did not follow SFDA news and regulations. The mean BMI between the participants who cooperated and those who did not cooperate with SFDA by reporting food safety violations was significantly different. The results of the binary logit model indicated that several socio-demographic characteristics were significantly associated with food policy awareness and support. Conclusion The findings of this study may assist nutrition educators to plan programs to improve health-related behaviors, and may allow stakeholders and policy makers to consider public perception and social desirability in the policy-making and implementation process.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Educational Program Based on the BASNEF Model on Knowledge and Self-Care Behaviors of Patients with Hypertension

Health Scope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Abedini ◽  
Farzaneh Pourjalil ◽  
Shokrallah Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
Educational Program ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
T Test ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background: Hypertension is an important health problem that can be controlled by self-care. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the impact of an educational program based (BASNEF) model on knowledge and self-care behaviors for hypertensive patients in Bastak, Iran. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 180 patients with hypertension who were admitted to health centers of the Bastak city. The participants were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 90) and control (n = 90) groups. Data were collected using a questionnaire that had three sections of demographic information, knowledge, and BASNEF constructs. The questionnaires were completed before the intervention and two months after providing the intervention. After the pre-test, an appropriate educational intervention was designed and implemented only among the intervention group. To analyze the data, paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square tests were run by SPSS version 19. Results: The mean age of the participants was 50.62 ± 7.549 years. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of attitudes, subjective norms, enabling factors, and self-care behaviors in the intervention group pre- and post-intervention (P = 0.001). Besides, it was found that enabling factors (0.311) play a significant role in predicting self-care behaviors. Conclusions: The results of this study support the effectiveness of educational interventions in raising awareness and improving self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension using the BASNEF model. Therefore, with an emphasis on enabling factors, the BASNEF model can be used as a framework to develop educational interventions for self-care.

scholarly journals Attitude, Familiarity and Religious Beliefs about Vaccination among Health Science and Non-Health Science Students in a Malaysian Public University

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1462-1473
Author(s):  
Ramdan M. Elkalmi ◽  
Eman Dyab ◽  
Azyyati Mohd Suhaimi ◽  
Ali Qais Blebil ◽  
Mohamed Hassan Elnaem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Vaccine hesitancy has surfaced globally within the last few decades, and the fears and misconceptions of people about vaccine safety and effectiveness have been identified as key factors for their under-utilization. The familiarity, attitudes, and religious beliefs of the public and of future healthcare practitioners regarding vaccination are extensive areas needing exploration. The present exploratory cross-sectional study was designed, planned and carried out on students enrolled in health science and non-health science courses in one of the public universities of Malaysia. A research instrument that had been formulated, validated and subjected to reliability testing was used to collect the data, which were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A response rate of 80.8% (n = 202) was obtained: the majority were female (n = 161, 79.7%), and had been vaccinated before (n = 190, 97.5%), while a mere 2% did not support vaccination for reasons pertaining to safety issues. The vaccine familiarity score was 10.79 ± 1.4, which significantly differed among the study disciplines (p < 0.001). The mean of the total attitude score was 14.95 ± 1.5, with no significant difference among demographics being noted. The mean of the total religious beliefs score was 24.29 ± 2.8 and significantly differed based on gender (p = 0.040) and study disciplines (p < 0.001). The current findings showed that the participants were familiar with vaccines and had generally positive attitudes and positive religious beliefs toward vaccination; thus, one can expect that their inclusion in immunization campaigns will generate positive outcomes of the immunization program. Although the current research reported few knowledge gaps, these may be handled with the introduction of a specialized immunization course at an undergraduate level.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Impact of Large Dams on Seismicity Patterns around Their Locations

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Mina Parvizishad ◽  
Simin Naseri ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh ◽  
Abdollah Sohrabi Bidar ◽  
Amir Hossein Mahvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Seismicity Patterns ◽  
Regional Seismicity ◽  
Large Dams ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Dam construction is one of the most popular solutions for managing water resources. In recent years, changes in patterns of regional seismicity associated with large impoundment dams have raised concerns among environmentalists. In this study, five large dams located in Iran were studied from this perspective. The Gutenberg-Richter, linear regression and T-test were used to examine the seismic changes in the radius of 100 km of each of the dams during a twenty-five-year period before and after the construction of the dams. The results revealed that the seismicity level and relative density of large and small earthquakes in three of these dams have increased after dam construction. A significant difference between the magnitude of earthquakes, as well as the number of earthquakes before and after the construction of dams in the region, was recognized. However, the results of the T-test statistical analysis indicated that the mean depth of the earthquakes and their distance from the dams before and after construction have not changed significantly. Overall, these results indicated that the construction of large impoundment dams has been associated with some changes in patterns of regional seismicity. The findings would guide researchers to further investigate the type of impacts that dam construction may have on seismicity patterns.

scholarly journals THE COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO METHODS FOR THE RELIEF OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PAIN USING OXFORD KNEE SCORE (IMPROVEMENT CHANGES AFTER 4 WEEK FOLLOW UP INJECTION) : INTRAARTICULAR AND GENICULAR NERVE BLOCK IN BLAMBANGAN GENERAL DISTRICT HOSPITAL BANYUWANGI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0006
Author(s):  
A Karnanda ◽  
Habibi A Naufal
Keyword(s):  
Oxford Knee Score ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Osteoarthritis Pain ◽  
Score Improvement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Outcome Of Surgery

Pain is the hallmark symptom of OA. IACI can be considered as an adjunct to core treatment for the relief of moderate to severe pain in people with knee OA. Recent study reported successful pain relief by ablation of the three branches of the Genicular nerve [superior lateral (SL), superior medial (SM), and inferior medial (IM). In the ultrasound-guided GNB technique, these three nerves were selected for the same reasons. Previous studies have identified OKS thresholds to aid the clinician in presenting the expected outcome of surgery in a meaningful way to the patient (OKS provides a means of comparing preoperative and post-operative health status).This cross-sectional, respondents were filled OKS questionaire, and they were self-reported a diagnosis of OA at least one knee by a physician, reported more than 3 months of persistent OA pain. These data were collected at the first post-injection (IACI &GNB) and at 4 week followup visit. The analysis was performed by Independent T-test in SPSS version 22. In IACI group the mean of initial OKS was 37,81±6,87 compare to 34,94±6.14 in GNB group. After 4 weeks, it increased to 42±7.14 and 42,84±7,67 respectively. A total of 82 patients were randomized, with patients receiving an injection, 32 receiving IAIC injection and 50 receiving GNB injection. From Independent Samples T Test, GNB injection demonstrated significantly greater pain reductions and greater percent OKS score improvement than IACI up to 4 weeks postinjection. Comparing two methods, there were significant difference between two groups based on OKS: p=0.000

scholarly journals Comparison of the Infertility-Related Stress Among Couples and its Relationship With Infertility Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razhan Chehreh ◽  
Giti Ozgoli ◽  
Khadijeh Abolmaali ◽  
Malihe Nasiri ◽  
Elahe Mazaheri
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inducing Factors ◽  
Related Stress

Objectives: Inability to have a child is stressful and affects all aspects of couples’ lives. Infertility diagnosis, duration and reason of infertility, treatment failure, and frequent pregnancy tests are among the stress-inducing factors in couples. The current study aimed to compare infertility-related stress among couples and evaluate its relationships with infertility factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 infertile couples (300 individuals) visiting infertility centers of Tehran. The data were collected using the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI) and fertility and demographic characteristics form. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling method. The data were analyzed through inferential statistics, including paired samples t-test, independent samples t test, ANOVA, and linear regression. Results: According to the results, the mean stress score of women was significantly higher than that of the men (P=0.007). There was a significant difference between males and females regarding the mean scores of social concern and need for parenthood (P=0.005). The mean score of infertility-related stress was also significantly higher in women with treatment failure than in men (P=0.01). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, infertile women experienced greater stress than males. Furthermore, infertility-related stress increased in women due to treatment failure. Therefore, it is recommended that women who have experienced treatment failure be subjected to precise psychological evaluations before undergoing the treatment process.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude on Pain Management among Final Year Nursing and Midwifery Students of Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuenzang . ◽  
Hari Prasad Pokhrel ◽  
Passang Lhamo Sherpa
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
T Test ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

Pain management is the most important component of nursing care process and it is crucial for nurses to have a good level of knowledge on pain management. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 44 final year General Nursing and Midwifery students at the Faculty of Nursing and Public Health, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan in May 2016. Independent samples T- test was used to assess the association. The mean (SD) age of the respondents was 22.66 years (1.26). Over two-thirds (81.8%) of the participants had a poor level of knowledge and a majority (90.9%) of them had never been posted to a pain clinic. Over a half of them (56.8%) had negative attitude towards pain management. Independent samples t-test detected a significant difference in the mean knowledge scores between students who regularly used pain assessment scales and those who did not use the scales respectively. The study recommends to include pain management as a standalone module to better equip the nurses with knowledge on pain management. Mandatory posting of the students in pain clinic will provide the students with an opportunity to practice the skills.

scholarly journals Application of ethical leadership and workers’ performance: A perspectives from public and private owned enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthonia Awele OLANNYE
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The main objective of the study was to determine the rationale of ethical leadership in public and privately-owned enterprises. It involved two public sectors and two private sector enterprises, which comprised 221 respondents from the staff and management of the enterprises as the sample size for the study. The survey research method was used in gathering information from respondents. A stratified sampling technique was adopted for the study. A validated structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The statistical techniques adopted for processing the data and testing the hypotheses for this study compared mean using independent t-test via the use of statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 2 1. Descriptive statistics and frequency analysis were used. The mean response was tested using a t-test. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant difference in ethical leadership between the public and private enterprises given that the variables revealed thus (Sig. = .728, P> 0.05) and  (Sig. .238, P> 0.05). The study concluded that the leadership of the public and private enterprise should have the ethical values, interpersonal qualities and capabilities to carry out the different tasks as needed by the organizations.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KADAR ZINC PADA PERSALINAN PRETERM DAN KEHAMILAN NORMAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Visti Delvina ◽  
Arni Amir ◽  
Ermawati Ermawati
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zinc Levels

<p><strong><em>The Comparative   Zinc Levels in Preterm Labor and Normal Pregnancy</em></strong></p><h1 align="center"><em>ABSTRACT</em><em></em></h1><p><em> </em></p><p><em>               </em><em>Preterm labor occurs between 20 weeks and before 37 weeks of pregnancy. It is indicated by regular contractions of the uterus and it may cause the thinning and flattening of the cervix. Preterm labor also causes the high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Deficiency zinc during pregnancy can stimulate the preterm labor. The design of this reseacrh was a comparative cross sectional study. It was conducted in Rasidin District Hospital, Siti Rahmah Hospital and Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang on Februari 2017 to June 2018. There were 50 samples in this reseach. It was selected by consecutive sampling. The samples were divided into two groups: preterm labor and normal pregnancy. Zinc levels are examined by the ELISA method. Then, the data were analyzed by using the t test. The results of this reseach showed that the mean zinc level in the preterm labor group was 12.22 ± 0.41 μmol / L and 13.96 ± 0.64 μmol / L of the mean zinc level in the normal pregnancy group with P= 0.000. Moreover, statistical test inffered that there was significant difference between zinc levels in preterm labor and normal pregnancy. In short, it can be concluded that zinc levels group in the preterm labor were lower than the normal pregnancy group.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Zinc, Preterm Labor</em><em></em></p><p align="center"><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Perbandingan Kadar Zinc Pada Persalinan Preterm dan Kehamilan Normal</em></strong></p><h1 align="center"><em>ABSTRAK</em><em></em></h1><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Persalinan</em><em> </em><em>preterm adalah persalinan yang terjadi antara 20 minggu dan sebelum 37 minggu kehamilan yang ditandai</em><em> </em><em>adanya kontraksi teratur dari </em><em>uterus</em><em> </em><em>yang dapat</em><em> </em><em>menyebabkan</em><em> </em><em>penipisan dan pendataran</em><em> </em><em>serviks. Persalinan preterm menyebabkan tingginya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas perinatal. Defiseiensi zinc selama kehamilan dapat menstimulasi terjadinya persalinan preterm. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional komparatif, penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Rasidin, RSI Siti Rahmah dan Laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas Padang pada bulan Februari 2017 – Juni 2018. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling, yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu persalinan preterm dan kehamilan normal. Kadar zinc diperiksa dengan metode ELISA. Data dianalisa menggunakan uji t test. </em><em>Hasil penelitian rerata kadar zinc pada kelompok persalinan preterm 12,22 ± 0,41 µmol/L dan rerata kadar zinc pada kelompok kehamilan normal adalah 13,96 ± 0,64 µmol/L dengan nilai p 0,000. Secara statistik terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar zinc  pada persalinan preterm dan kehamilan normal. Kesimpulan, kadar zinc pada kelompok persalinan preterm lebih rendah daripada kelompok kehamilan normal.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><em> : Zinc, Persalinan Preterm</em></p>

scholarly journals Impact of Education on the Perception of Muslim People about Instant Triple Talaq Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Raja Rajhans ◽  
Sanjaya Sahu ◽  
Mahendra Prasad Behera
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muslim People ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Causal Comparative ◽  
The Impact

The present study designed to investigate the Impact of Education in the Perception of Muslim People about Instant Triple Talaq Law. The main objectives of the study were to compare mean scores of perceptions of educated and uneducated Muslim people about Instant Triple Talaq Law, to compare mean scores of perceptions of educated male and educated female Muslim people about Instant Triple Talaq Law, and to compare mean scores of perceptions of uneducated male and uneducated female Muslim people about Instant Triples Talaq Law. For this study, 100 Muslim people were selected from Bargarh district, Odisha through stratified random sampling. A Causal comparative method was employed by the researcher. The investigator prepared a Perception Scale for collecting data. The ‘t’ test revealed that a significant difference was found in the mean scores of perceptions between educated and uneducated Muslim people towards instant triple talaq law. The findings also reveal that no significant mean difference was found between educated male and educated female and uneducated male and uneducated female Muslim people in perceiving the impact of education about Instant Triple Talaq Law.

scholarly journals Association Between Anthropometric Factors and Balance Among Elderly Fallers and Non-Fallers: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pothiraj Pitchai ◽  
Reshma Gurav ◽  
Srishti Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Falls are an emerging public health problem causing a cascade of medical, functional, and socio-economic consequences. Apart from other widely explored risk factors affecting balance, anthropometric factors are also known to have an impact on balance. However, this relationship hasn’t been studied extensively in older adults. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the anthropometric factors such as Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat Mass (BFM), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), Lower Limb Length (LLL), Foot Length (FL) and balance in the elderly among fallers and non-fallers. Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 fallers and 100 non-fallers, aged 60 years and above. These participants were recruited by a stratified random sampling technique from Navi Mumbai region. All the above anthropometric factors were measured and recorded. Each participant’s balance was assessed using the Mini-BESTest scale. Obtained scores were analysed in SPSS software; descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient, and Z scores were applied. Results: A sample size of 100 non-fallers, 50% male and 50% females, participated in this study. Among those participants classified as “fallers,” 56% were males and 44% were females. The mean age of the non-fallers was 66±5.01 and the mean age of the fallers was 67.72±6.73. In fallers, WHR showed good negative correlation (r= -.807), BFM as moderate (r= -.577) and BMI as fair (r= -.426) whereas in non-fallers, BMI showed moderate (r= -.546) and fair negative correlation for both WHR (r= -.303) and BFM (r= -.441). However, LLL and FL in both groups show little or no correlation. The Association of all anthropometric factors with the balance between fallers and non-fallers showed no-significant difference. It may be inter-group variance for age, gender and BMI, as participants were not matched for these variables during the recruiting phase. Additionally, the reason for the fall was not explored, thus adding to the limitations of our study. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the impact of increased WHR, BFM and BMI on balance in the elderly fallers and non-fallers. Thus, it is important to screen these factors while assessing biological risk factors for predicting falls. This study further recommends exploring the normative value for anthropometric factors in a healthy elderly population.

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