scholarly journals Mobility but Not Balance Limitations Are Associated With Cognitive Decline among Older Hispanics

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142094795
Author(s):  
Paul A. Wadsworth ◽  
Nai-Wei Chen ◽  
Mukaila Raji ◽  
Kyriakos S. Markides ◽  
Brian Downer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Body Function

Aging is associated with changes in lower-body functioning. The extent to which lower-body function is associated with cognitive changes over time is unclear, especially among older Hispanics, a high-risk population for declines in physical and cognitive functioning. We sought to determine if the association between lower-body functioning and cognitive decline over 9-years differentially varied with respect to balance, gait speed, lower-body strength (chair stands), or a summary score of the three measures. This retrospective cohort study used clinical performance data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE). Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental Status Exam. Linear mixed modeling was used to investigate the association between lower-body function and cognitive decline, controlling for patients’ demographic and health characteristics. We found that gait speed and timed chair stands but not balance were associated with accelerated cognitive decline in Mexican-Americans age 75 years and older. These parameters of lower-body function can be feasibly measured in any clinic. As limitations in lower-body functioning may be an early marker of cognitive decline, this suggests an opportunity for the development of interventions to slow cognitive and physical disablement and promote successful aging among persons older than 75 years.

A Longitudinal Study of Cognitive and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Disablement Among the Oldest Mexican Americans

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110375
Author(s):  
Jiwon Kim ◽  
Jacqueline L. Angel ◽  
Sunshine M. Rote
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Instrumental Activities

Objectives Mexican Americans live longer on average than other ethnic groups, but often with protracted cognitive and physical disability. Little is known, however, about the role of cognitive decline for transitions in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability and tertiary outcomes of the IADL disablement for the oldest old (after 80 years old). Methods We employ the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (2010–2011, 2012–2013, and 2016, N = 1,078) to investigate the longitudinal patterns of IADL decline using latent transition analysis. Results Three IADL groups were identified: independent (developing mobility limitations), emerging dependence (limited mobility and community activities), and dependent (limited mobility and household and community activities). Declines in cognitive function were a consistent predictor of greater IADL disablement, and loneliness was a particularly salient distal outcome for emerging dependence. Discussion These results highlight the social consequences of cognitive decline and dependency as well as underscore important areas of intervention at each stage of the disablement process.

scholarly journals Documentation of Dementia as a Cause of Death Among Mexican-American Decedents Diagnosed with Dementia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Brian Downer ◽  
Lin-Na Chou ◽  
Soham Al Snih ◽  
Cheyanne Barba ◽  
Yong-Fang Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Lower Odds

Background: Hispanic older adults are a high-risk population for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) but are less likely than non-Hispanic White older adults to have ADRD documented as a cause of death on a death certificate. Objective: To investigate characteristics associated with ADRD as a cause of death among Mexican-American decedents diagnosed with ADRD. Methods: Data came from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly, Medicare claims, and National Death Index. Results: The final sample included 853 decedents diagnosed with ADRD of which 242 had ADRD documented as a cause of death. More health comorbidities (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.28–0.58), older age at death (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03–1.36), and longer ADRD duration (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.03–1.14) were associated with ADRD as a cause of death. In the last year of life, any ER admission without a hospitalization (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.22–0.92), more physician visits (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.98), and seeing a medical specialist (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.29–0.75) were associated with lower odds for ADRD as a cause of death. In the last 30 days of life, any hospitalization with an ICU stay (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.36–0.82) and ER admission with a hospitalization (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48–0.94) were associated with lower odds for ADRD as a cause of death. Receiving hospice care in the last 30 days of life was associated with 1.98 (95% CI = 1.37–2.87) higher odds for ADRD as a cause of death. Conclusion: Under-documentation of ADRD as a cause of death may reflect an underestimation of resource needs for Mexican-Americans with ADRD.

scholarly journals Living Beyond 80: A Longitudinal Study of Cognitive and IADL Disablement Among the Oldest Mexican Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 479-479
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Angel ◽  
Sunshine Rote ◽  
Jiwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Community Activities

Abstract Mexican Americans live longer on average than other ethnic groups, but often with protracted cognitive and physical disability. Little is known, however, about the role of cognitive decline for transitions in IADL disability and tertiary outcomes of the IADL disablement for the oldest old. We employ the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (2010-2011, 2012-2013, 2016, N=1,078) to investigate the longitudinal patterns of IADL decline using Latent Transition Analysis. Three IADL groups were identified: independent (developing mobility limitations), emerging dependence (limited mobility and community activities), and dependent (limited mobility and household and community activities). Declines in cognitive function were a consistent predictor of greater IADL disablement, and loneliness was a particularly salient distal outcome for emerging dependence. These results highlight the social consequences of cognitive decline and dependency as well as underscore important areas of intervention at each stage of the disablement process.

scholarly journals Spousal Loss and Cognitive Functioning: Do Pre-Loss Marital Quality and Gender Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 366-366
Author(s):  
Joohong Min ◽  
Jieun Song
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Spousal Loss ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Prior research has found that the risk of cognitive decline increases after the death of a spouse. In general, the impact of life transitions is contingent on contextual factors such as socio-demographic characteristics or relationship quality. However, there is limited research on how marital quality before spousal loss and gender influence the association between spousal loss and cognitive change. The current study examines the effects of spousal loss on change in cognitive functioning as well as the moderating effects of pre-loss marital quality and gender. Data from two waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study were analyzed (MIDUS2: 2004-05, MIDUS3: 2013-14). The analytic sample consists of two groups: (1) 179 bereaved adults who were age 54 or older at MIDUS2 (M = 65.2, SD = 9.5) and whose spouses died between MIDUS2 and MIDUS3, and (2) 179 non-bereaved adults, matched with the bereaved group on age and gender, who did not experience spousal loss between the two waves. Cognitive function was assessed via BTACT (Brief Telephone Adult Cognition Test) at both waves. Regression results show that both pre-loss marital quality and gender significantly moderate the association between spousal loss and change in cognitive functioning. Specifically, relative to their counterparts, men and those who reported better marital relationships prior to spousal death had a greater risk of cognitive decline after a spouse’s death. The findings suggest the significance of pre-loss marital quality and gender for cognitive changes in widowhood and have implications for the development of efficient interventions

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profile in Different Age Groups and Its Association with Cognitive Function in Healthy Malay Adults in Malaysia

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Nur Fathiah Abdul Abdul Sani ◽  
Ahmad Imran Zaydi Amir Amir Hamzah ◽  
Zulzikry Hafiz Abu Abu Bakar ◽  
Yasmin Anum Mohd Mohd Yusof ◽  
Suzana Makpol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Genetic Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

The mechanism of cognitive aging at the molecular level is complex and not well understood. Growing evidence suggests that cognitive differences might also be caused by ethnicity. Thus, this study aims to determine the gene expression changes associated with age-related cognitive decline among Malay adults in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 healthy Malay subjects, aged between 28 and 79, and recruited around Selangor and Klang Valley, Malaysia. Gene expression analysis was performed using a HumanHT-12v4.0 Expression BeadChip microarray kit. The top 20 differentially expressed genes at p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) = 1.2 showed that PAFAH1B3, HIST1H1E, KCNA3, TM7SF2, RGS1, and TGFBRAP1 were regulated with increased age. The gene set analysis suggests that the Malay adult’s susceptibility to developing age-related cognitive decline might be due to the changes in gene expression patterns associated with inflammation, signal transduction, and metabolic pathway in the genetic network. It may, perhaps, have important implications for finding a biomarker for cognitive decline and offer molecular targets to achieve successful aging, mainly in the Malay population in Malaysia.

scholarly journals How Well Does Subjective Cognitive Decline Correspond to Objectively Measured Cognitive Decline? Assessment of 10–12 Year Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Gustavson ◽  
Amy J. Jak ◽  
Jeremy A. Elman ◽  
Matthew S. Panizzon ◽  
Carol E. Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Objective Prior

Background: Although not strongly correlated with current objective cognitive ability, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Most studies focus on SCD in relation to future decline rather than objective prior decline that it purportedly measures. Objective: We evaluated whether self-report of cognitive decline—as a continuous measure—corresponds to objectively-assessed episodic memory and executive function decline across the same period. Methods: 1,170 men completed the Everyday Cognition Questionnaire (ECog) at mean age 68 assessing subjective changes in cognitive ability relative to 10 years prior. A subset had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but MCI was diagnosed without regard to subjective decline. Participants completed up to 3 objective assessments of memory and executive function (M = 56, 62, and 68 years). Informant-reported ECogs were completed for 1,045 individuals. Analyses controlled for depression and anxiety symptoms assessed at mean age 68. Results: Participant-reported ECog scores were modestly associated with objective decline for memory (β= –0.23, 95%CI [–0.37, –0.10]) and executive function (β= –0.19, 95%CI [–0.33, –0.05]) over the same time period. However, these associations were nonsignificant after excluding MCI cases. Results were similar for informant ratings. Participant-rated ECog scores were more strongly associated with concurrent depression and anxiety symptoms, (β= 0.44, 95%CI [0.36, 0.53]). Conclusion: Continuous SCD scores are correlated with prior objective cognitive changes in non-demented individuals, though this association appears driven by individuals with current MCI. However, participants’ current depression and anxiety ratings tend to be strongly associated with their SCD ratings. Thus, what primarily drives SCD ratings remains unclear.

scholarly journals Weight Change and Lower Body Disability in Older Mexican Americans

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1730-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soham Al Snih ◽  
Mukaila A. Raji ◽  
Kyriakos S. Markides ◽  
Kenneth J. Ottenbacher ◽  
James S. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Lower Body

scholarly journals How stress mediators can cumulatively contribute to Alzheimer’s disease An allostatic load approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Martins Matos ◽  
Juliana Nery De Souza-Talarico
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Stress Mediators ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT. Allostatic load is defined as the frequent activation of the neuroendocrine, immunological, metabolic and cardiovascular systems, which makes individuals more susceptible to stress-related health problems. According to this model, physiological dysregulations start to emerge decades before diseases manifest. Consequently, stress research has shifted its attention to anticipating the degree of this dysregulation to better understand the impact of stress hormones and other biomarkers on disease progression. In view of the growing number of studies that demonstrate the influence of modifiable risk factors on cognitive decline, in addition to the effects of chronic stress mediators, the objective of the present review was to present an overview of the development of cognitive changes based on studies on stress and its mediators.

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