A sturdy regional currency: The continuous use of Maḥmūdīs in Gujarat under the Mughals

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Najaf Haider
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
Silver Coin ◽  
Continuous Use

The Mughal Empire established a single trimetallic currency with the silver rupee as its basic coin. Yet, strangely, its most commercialised penance Gujarat continued to use alongside the imperial rupee a local silver coin called ma°mødð. The paper examines how this came about and how Gujarat in effect got divided into two zones, in one of which the rupee was the main circulating medium, in the other, the ma°mødð.

MUNDANE MIRACLES IN AWADH. ENCOUNTERS WITH THE REVEALED AND THE HIDDEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maxim B. Demchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Other World ◽  
Better Than

The sphere of the unknown, supernatural and miraculous is one of the most popular subjects for everyday discussions in Ayodhya – the last of the provinces of the Mughal Empire, which entered the British Raj in 1859, and in the distant past – the space of many legendary and mythological events. Mostly they concern encounters with inhabitants of the “other world” – spirits, ghosts, jinns as well as miraculous healings following magic rituals or meetings with the so-called saints of different religions (Hindu sadhus, Sufi dervishes),with incomprehensible and frightening natural phenomena. According to the author’s observations ideas of the unknown in Avadh are codified and structured in Avadh better than in other parts of India. Local people can clearly define if they witness a bhut or a jinn and whether the disease is caused by some witchcraft or other reasons. Perhaps that is due to the presence in the holy town of a persistent tradition of katha, the public presentation of plots from the Ramayana epic in both the narrative and poetic as well as performative forms. But are the events and phenomena in question a miracle for the Avadhvasis, residents of Ayodhya and its environs, or are they so commonplace that they do not surprise or fascinate? That exactly is the subject of the essay, written on the basis of materials collected by the author in Ayodhya during the period of 2010 – 2019. The author would like to express his appreciation to Mr. Alok Sharma (Faizabad) for his advice and cooperation.

scholarly journals XXVII. Description of a Roman Altar found in the neighbourhood of Aldston Moor, in Cumberland: in a Letter to the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T. President of the Society of Antiquaries, &c. &c. by the Rev. Stephen Weston, B.D. F.R.S. and S.A.

Archaeologia ◽  
1814 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 229-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Weston
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Silver Coin ◽  
The One

I beg leave to offer to your Lordship and the Society a Description of a Roman Altar lately dug up in the neighbourhood of Aldston Moor, in Cumberland, near a military road, and not far from a great Roman station. The altar is three feet high, sixteen inches wide, and eight thick. It is divided into three compartments, the capital, the square or plane, and the base. On the top is an oval cavity one inch and a half deep, and about nine over by six, in which the wine, the frankincense, and the fire were placed, and was called Thuribulum, the censer, or the focus; but this hole is not on all the Roman altars found in Great Britain. On the sides however of the one I am describing are two bass-reliefs, representing on one part the infant Hercules strangling two serpents (as he is seen on a silver coin of Croton in Italy), and on the other the god in all his strength about to combat the serpent in the garden of the Hesperides (as he appears on a coin of Geta struck at Pergamus).

Nationalist representations of the Mughal state: The views of Tilak and Gandhi

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Farhat Hasan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
National Hero ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

The Mughal Empire as the major polity in India preceding the colonial regime was seen by British historians as a Muslim regime, imposed over a Hindu majority, and this fitted into their picture of two irreconcilable religious camps, existing within India, whose mutual conflict was kept at bay only because of the intervention of the colonial power. Tilak accepted this picture and saw Shivaji as the leader of Hindu resistance against foreign, Muslim domination. His early views were, however, modified in later years when he realised that overtures should be made to Muslims in order to strengthen the national struggle. The tag of ‘foreign’ was removed from the Mughals. It was argued that because Akbar’s successors no longer followed his enlightened policy, Shivaji rose against the Mughals and so must be treated as a national hero. On the other hand, Gandhi from his South Africa days was not prepared to denounce Muslim rulers, including the Mughals, as foreigners or as evil. While not prepared to concede to any religion’s superiority over another, he was critical of what he thought to be Akbar’s attempt to unite all religions into one. On the other hand, he praised Mughal rulers for their tolerance and even defended Aurangzeb though on the basis only of what Mohammad Ali, for long his political associate, told him! Unlike Jawaharlal Nehru, Gandhi did not explicitly extol composite culture possibly because while he wished that all religions tolerate each other, he did not want them to get mixed up.

Resistance of Common Groundsel to Simazine and Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Triazine Herbicides ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Common Groundsel

Failure to control common groundsel(Senecio vulgarisL.) was observed in 1968 in a nursery where 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) or 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) had been used once or twice annually since 1958. Seedlings from seed collected at that location were not controlled by pre-emergence applications of simazine or atrazine at rates up to 17.92 kg/ha. Seedlings from a seed source where triazine herbicides had not been in continuous use were completely controlled by 1.12 or 2.24 kg/ha of either chemical, and partially controlled by 0.28 to 0.56 kg/ha. Postemergence applications of atrazine at 1.12, 2.24, or 4.48 kg/ha did not affect common groundsel from the nursery source, but killed small seedlings from the other source. Preemergence applications of four other herbicides were equally effective against seedlings from both sources.

Opioid Analgesics Adverse Effects: The Other Side of the Coin

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (30) ◽  
pp. 3197-3202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Mercadante
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Continuous Use

Background: Opioids are the cornerstone of the management of cancer pain. However, the development of adverse effects may compromise the opioid response. They include nausea and vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction, myoclonus, pruritus, dysuria, dependence and the development of aberrant behaviors, respiratory depression, and some endocrine responses. Methods: The goal of this paper is to identify the most common opioid-related adverse effects, their pathophysiology, and proposing the possible treatments. This narrative review will describe how these adverse effects may develop and how to prevent or to treat. Conclusion: Intensity of adverse effects tend to decrease with continuous use. However, they may be persistent and may require symptomatic treatment or more complex treatment including alternative strategies for pain management.

The re-use of earlier Tombs in the LH IIIC period

1978 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cavanagh ◽  
C. Mee
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Great Range ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Continuous Use

Mycenaean underground family sepulchres are found in small groups scattered throughout the Greek countryside. It is not unusual for these tombs to hold fewer than a dozen burials, interred over a period of up to six generations, and tombs with only a single burial are not unknown. On the other hand a few tombs in almost every cemetery see continuous use over a period of up to ten generations, and these naturally contain more skeletons. There is a great range in the size of the tombs and the largest seem to have been the tombs of families of high social standing. The more normal tombs average some 7 m.2 in area, and could hold a large number of skeletons thanks to the custom of moving the bones of earlier burials to one side.

scholarly journals Notes on a Folio from the Gulshan Album in the Collection of the Náprstek Museum, Prague

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Adriana Stříbrná
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
National Library ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
Form Part ◽  
New Finding ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

In 2015 the Naprstek Museum, in cooperation with the National Library of the Czech Republic, carried out a conservation survey of two rare folios from the Gulshan Album of the Mughal emperor Jahāngīr which form part of the Naprstek Museum’s Indian collection. During the survey an unknown signature by the painter Āqā Rezā was discovered in the border of one of them. The new finding was the impetus for this study, looking at the folio in more detail. In addition to the introductory part, which looks at the form and function of illustrated albums in the Mughal Empire, the study describes in detail both a miniature on one side of the folio and the calligraphy and border with human figures on the other side, and explains the relationship between them.

The Slow Conquest: Administrative Integration of Malwa into the Maratha Empire, 1720–1760

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart N. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
The Other ◽  
British India ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
Regional Language

The eighteenth century in India has generally been described as a period of great turbulence, characterized by march and counter-march, rising and falling fortunes, and bewildering political intrigue. Many historians, focusing on this aspect, have dismissed the century as merely an unsavory hiatus between the collapse of the Mughal Empire and the rise of British domination. Yet there was more to the century than the march and counter-march of armies. The other aspect of the period was the emergence of strong successor states in Gujerat, Bengal, Oudhe, Malwa, Hyderabad, Mysore, and the Punjab. Recently, historians have begun exploring these successor states, looking both back towards the Mughal administrative and ideological heritage and forward towards their role as princely states in British India. There are also important issues within the century itself, such as the role of successor states in developing regional language and consciousness, and successor states as channels of economic and social mobility.

The Pursuit of Persian: Language in Mughal Politics

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUZAFFAR ALAM
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
First Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Literary Output

The Mughal literary culture has been noted for its notable achievements in poetry and a wide range of prose writings in Persian. In terms of profusion and variety of themes this literary output was also perhaps incomparable. The court's patronage has rightly been suggested as an important reason for this. This patronage, however, was not consistent throughout; much of the detail of its detour thus requires a closer scrutiny. The phenomenal rise of the language defies explanation in the first instance. The Mughals were Chaghtā'i Turks and we know that, unlike them, the other Turkic rulers outside of Iran, such as the Ottomans in Turkey and the Uzbeks in Central Asia, were not so enthusiastic about Persian. Indeed, in India also, Persian did not appear to hold such dominance at the courts of the early Mughals. In his memoir, Bābur (d. 1530), the founder of the Mughal empire in India, recounted the story of his exploits in Turkish. The Prince was a noted poet and writer of Turkish of his time, second only to ‘Alī Sheēr Nawā’ī (d. 1526). Turkish was the first language of his son and successor, Humāyūn (d. 1556), as well.

Mughals, Mongols, and Mongrels: The Challenge of Aristocracy and the Rise of the Mughal State in the Tarikh-i Rashidi

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Anooshahr
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
Literary Source ◽  
Military Elite ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Asian History

The present article seeks to re-evaluate the problem of the Central Asian military elite that emigrated to Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent in the sixteenth century during the foundation of the Mughal Empire. By reading the Tarikh-i Rashidi, the historical composition of Mirza Haydar Dughlat (d. 1551) and the main literary source for the period, modern scholars have developed two distinct historiographical strands of scholarship. Those mainly focused on Mughal India have used the text to argue for the absence of a meaningful political culture among the Central Asian elite. Others, mostly focused on Inner Asian history, have used the text for the opposite purpose of describing a fairly static “tribal” structure of Mirza Haydar’s world. I, on the other hand, will abandon the imprecise and essentially meaningless concept of “tribe” and will rather argue that Mirza Haydar instead chronicles the perspective of “aristocratic lineages” whose world was collapsing in the sixteenth century and who had to adjust themselves to changing conditions that saw the alliance of monarchs and servants through “meritocracy” both in their homeland as well as the new regions to which they moved.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document