scholarly journals Students Engaging in Multiple-Source Inquiry Tasks: Capturing Dimensions of Collaborative Online Inquiry and Social Deliberation

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Coiro ◽  
Jesse R. Sparks ◽  
Carita Kiili ◽  
Jill Castek ◽  
Changhee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Multiple Source ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Collaborative Processes ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
High Level ◽  
Integrated Performance

Multiple-source inquiry that involves collaboration and deliberation is a complex construct; accordingly, valid measurement of these related competencies should require students to demonstrate their collaborative inquiry and social deliberation skills as part of an integrated performance. In this article, we report findings from the first phase of an assessment project designed to develop and evaluate the use of a virtual world platform that simultaneously captures collaboration, online inquiry, and social deliberation in the context of a single scenario-based task. Mixed methods were employed to evaluate preliminary evidence of students’ (ages 14–16) competencies in both face-to-face ( n = 5 dyads) and remote ( n = 6 dyads) contexts. Results indicated the scenario-based virtual assessment platform successfully captured varying levels of cognitive and social performance (using both product and process data) on several dimensions of collaborative online inquiry and social deliberation. Illustrative examples of dyads demonstrating stronger or weaker collaborative processes and high-level themes that emerged are presented. Implications for classroom settings and large-scale assessment environments are discussed.

DynTriPy: A Python Package for Detecting Dynamic Earthquake Triggering Signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 543-554
Author(s):  
Naidan Yun ◽  
Hongfeng Yang ◽  
Shiyong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Parallel Architecture ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Earthquake Triggering ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Dynamic Triggering ◽  
Earthquake Interaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Python Package

Abstract Long-term and large-scale observations of dynamic earthquake triggering are urgently needed to understand the mechanism of earthquake interaction and assess seismic hazards. We developed a robust Python package termed DynTriPy to automatically detect dynamic triggering signals by distinguishing anomalous seismicity after the arrival of remote earthquakes. This package is an efficient implementation of the high-frequency power integral ratio algorithm, which is suitable for processing big data independent of earthquake catalogs or subjective judgments and can suppress the influence of noise and variations in the background seismicity. Finally, a confidence level of dynamic triggering (0–1) is statistically yielded. DynTriPy is designed to process data from multiple stations in parallel, taking advantage of rapidly expanding seismic arrays to monitor triggering on a global scale. Various data formats are supported, such as Seismic Analysis Code, mini Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (miniSEED), and SEED. To tune parameters more conveniently, we build a function to generate a database that stores power integrals in different time and frequency segments. All calculation functions possess a high-level parallel architecture, thoroughly capitalizing on available computational resources. We output and store the results of each function for continuous operation in the event of an unexpected interruption. The deployment of DynTriPy to data centers for real-time monitoring and investigating the sudden activation of any signal within a certain frequency scope has broad application prospects.

scholarly journals Synoptic Control of Mesoscale Precipitating Systems in the Pacific Northwest

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
pp. 3465-3476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Roebber ◽  
Kyle L. Swanson ◽  
Jugal K. Ghorai
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Synoptic Type ◽  
High Level

Abstract This research examines whether an adequate representation of flow features on the synoptic scale allows for the skillful inference of mesoscale precipitating systems. The focus is on the specific problem of landfalling systems on the west coast of the United States for a variety of synoptic types that lead to significant rainfall. The methodology emphasizes rigorous hypothesis testing within a controlled hindcast setting to quantify the significance of the results. The role of lateral boundary conditions is explicitly accounted for by the study. The hypotheses that (a) uncertainty in the large-scale analysis and (b) upstream buffer size have no impact on the skill of precipitation simulations are each rejected at a high level of confidence, with the results showing that mean precipitation skill is higher where low analysis uncertainty exists and for small nested grids. This indicates that an important connection exists between the quality of the synoptic information and predictability at the mesoscale in this environment, despite the absence of such information in the initialization or boundary conditions. Further, the flow-through of synoptic information strongly constrains the evolution of the mesoscale such that a small upstream buffer produces superior results consistent with the higher quality of the information crossing the boundary. Some preliminary evidence that synoptic type has an influence on precipitation skill is also found. The implications of these results for data assimilation, forecasting, and climate modeling are discussed.

Political Responsiveness in a Patronage Democracy

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-70
Author(s):  
Jennifer Bussell
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Local Politicians ◽  
Village Council ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Citizen Interactions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

This chapter draws on accounts from sustained, in-depth shadowing of Indian politicians, as well as large-scale politician surveys, to characterize the nature of politicians’ engagement with their constituents. It highlights the importance these politicians place on making time for citizen interactions and responding to requests—to the extent that high-level politicians spend, on average, a quarter of their time interacting with individual citizens. Critically, the primary focus of these contacts is requests for assistance with the same types of goods and services that are typically also requested of local politicians such as village council presidents, providing preliminary evidence that demands may at least partially originate from individuals’ failure to acquire these benefits at the local level—a topic to which the book later turns. Chapter 2 also shows that the individual benefits directly provided to citizens by high-level politicians are substantial.

scholarly journals Large-scale assessment of lepidopteran soybean pests and efficacy of Cry1Ac soybean in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato J. Horikoshi ◽  
Patrick M. Dourado ◽  
Geraldo U. Berger ◽  
Davi de S. Fernandes ◽  
Celso Omoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest ◽  
Insecticide Sprays ◽  
Chrysodeixis Includens

AbstractThe soybean technology MON 87701 × MON 89788, expressing Cry1Ac and conferring tolerance to glyphosate, has been widely adopted in Brazil since 2013. However, pest shifts or resistance evolution could reduce the benefits of this technology. To assess Cry1Ac soybean performance and understand the composition of lepidopteran pest species attacking soybeans, we implemented large-scale sampling of larvae on commercial soybean fields during the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons to compare with data collected prior to the introduction of Cry1Ac soybeans. Chrysodeixis includens was the main lepidopteran pest in non-Bt fields. More than 98% of larvae found in Cry1Ac soybean were Spodoptera spp., although the numbers of Spodoptera were similar between Cry1Ac soybean and non-Bt fields. Cry1Ac soybean provided a high level of protection against Anticarsia gemmatalis, C. includens, Chloridea virescens and Helicoverpa spp. Significant reductions in insecticide sprays for lepidopteran control in soybean were observed from 2012 to 2019. Our study showed that C. includens and A. gemmatalis continue to be primary lepidopteran pests of soybean in Brazil and that Cry1Ac soybean continues to effectively manage the target lepidopteran pests. However, there was an increase in the relative abundance of non-target Spodoptera spp. larvae in both non-Bt and Cry1Ac soybeans.

scholarly journals VET workers’ problem-solving skills in technology-rich environments: European approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raija Hämäläinen ◽  
Sebastiano Cincinnato ◽  
Antero Malin ◽  
Bram De Wever
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Level ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

The European workplace is challenging VET adults’ problem-solving skills in technology-rich environments (TREs). So far, no international large-scale assessment data has been available for VET. The PIAAC data comprise the most comprehensive source of information on adults’ skills to date. The present study (N=50 369) focuses on gaining insight into the problem-solving skills in TREs of adults with a VET background. When examining the similarities and differences in VET adults’ problem-solving skills in TREs across 11 European countries, two main trends can be observed. First, our results show that only a minority of VET adults perform at a high level. Second, there seems to be substantial variation between countries with respect to the proportion of VET adults that can be identified as “at-risk” or “weak” performers. For the future, our findings indicate the variations that can be used as a starting point to identify beneficial VET approaches. 

scholarly journals Quantifying Solid Findings in Mathematics Education: Loss of Meaning for Algebraic Symbols

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Bolondi ◽  
Federica Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Assessment Results

We report an example of a research approach aimed at gathering quantitative pieces of evidence of solid findings in mathematics education. The main goal of this project is to provide an additional perspective on solid findings in education, to be used by teachers and by researchers in their work. As a case study, we present a situation of “loss of meaning” in algebra, exploring it with data coming from a large-scale assessment interpreted by means of theoretical lenses. We are able to give information about the extent of the phenomenon and to highlight how the phenomenon is relevant also for high-level students. This approach can provide a link between large-scale assessment results, educational research, and teachers’ practices, and suggests further research issues.

Using Web-based Testing for Large-Scale Assessment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Hamilton ◽  
Stephen P. Klein ◽  
William Lorie
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment

Multiple-source Record Linkage in a Rural Industrial Community, 1680–1820

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve King
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Multiple Source ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Broad Outline

Re-creating the social, economic and demographic life-cycles of ordinary people is one way in which historians might engage with the complex continuities and changes which underlay the development of early modern communities. Little, however, has been written on the ways in which historians might deploy computers, rather than card indexes, to the task of identifying such life cycles from the jumble of the sources generated by local and national administration. This article suggests that multiple-source linkage is central to historical and demographic analysis, and reviews, in broad outline, some of the procedures adopted in a study which aims at large scale life cycle reconstruction.

Social inequality in the evolution of human societies

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-120
Author(s):  
Georgi Derluguian
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Transition To Agriculture ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Political Economic

The author develops ideas about the origin of social inequality during the evolution of human societies and reflects on the possibilities of its overcoming. What makes human beings different from other primates is a high level of egalitarianism and altruism, which contributed to more successful adaptability of human collectives at early stages of the development of society. The transition to agriculture, coupled with substantially increasing population density, was marked by the emergence and institutionalisation of social inequality based on the inequality of tangible assets and symbolic wealth. Then, new institutions of warfare came into existence, and they were aimed at conquering and enslaving the neighbours engaged in productive labour. While exercising control over nature, people also established and strengthened their power over other people. Chiefdom as a new type of polity came into being. Elementary forms of power (political, economic and ideological) served as a basis for the formation of early states. The societies in those states were characterised by social inequality and cruelties, including slavery, mass violence and numerous victims. Nowadays, the old elementary forms of power that are inherent in personalistic chiefdom are still functioning along with modern institutions of public and private bureaucracy. This constitutes the key contradiction of our time, which is the juxtaposition of individual despotic power and public infrastructural one. However, society is evolving towards an ever more efficient combination of social initiatives with the sustainability and viability of large-scale organisations.

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