Roads to China and infrastructural relations in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-847
Author(s):  
Galen Murton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Development ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
National Road ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
Infrastructure Studies

Across the Himalaya region, infrastructure development constitutes an array of material practices that produce space for both Nepali and Chinese state making efforts in historically roadless places. In northern Nepal, the production of large-scale transportation infrastructure has reached unprecedented levels, and Chinese interventions under the Belt and Road Initiative continue to fuel Kathmandu’s development imaginary. Examining the anticipation, articulation and implementation of road networks between northern Nepal and Chinese Tibet, I analyse the incorporation of a small development project into larger international transportation systems to argue that infrastructure is a symbolic project of national development imaginaries, a process and practice of state making, and a vector for the spatial operations of geopolitical power. Putting infrastructure studies into closer conversation with political geography, I propose infrastructural relationality as a heuristic that illuminates how trans-national road construction advances regional development objectives, visible specifically through inter-related projects, practices and processes between China and Nepal.

Cambodia’s Economic Development Strategy Policy’s Problem: -Case of Road Network-

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Anh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
National Development ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Rural Road ◽  
National Road

The upcoming Cambodia national election on July, 2018; the Sixth Legislature of the National Assembly will be officially born and also the next national development plan. At the present time, the five years development plan called National Strategic Development Plan 2014-2018 (NSDP 2014-2018) is being implementing. NSDP is one of the most important strategy, a five year economic plan, was established since 1996. NSDP roles as road map of government to implementing its policy, and identify the upcoming challenge and issue. The Road infrastructure rehabilitation is a priority agenda in NSDP. In NSDP 2014-18, Cambodia’s road network measured approximately 50,000 km, and 11,618 km was paved. However, Cambodia still lack of physical infrastructure, and the existing infrastructure is in poor state [1] For instate, the National road and Provincial road are paved with mostly DBST and concrete, but rural road mostly paved with literal and earth. Some national road can stand with bother raining and dry season, but rural road can be use only dry season. Most of National Road networks have been rehabilitated and are now in good condition. In contrast, rural road network of approximately 33,005 km is still paved by earth. Rural road connecting economic activities from rural area to urban through connecting with provincial road and national road. The bad health of rural road will reduce chance for rural people from gaining benefit from economic growth.   [1] Sum, M. (2008), ‘Infrastructure Development in Cambodia’, in Kumar, N. (ed.), International Infrastructure Development in East Asia – Towards Balanced Regional Development and Integration, ERIA Research Project Report 2007-2, Chiba: IDE-JETRO, pp.32-84.    

Incidental impacts from major road construction on one of Asia’s most important wetlands: the Inner Gulf of Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naruemon Tantipisanuh ◽  
George A. Gale ◽  
Philip D. Round
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Salt Pans

Large-scale infrastructure development projects can have devastating impacts upon biodiversity. We investigated the impacts of roads on land-use change in a coastal area of South-east Asia, an area of high biodiversity subject to intense human pressure. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine impacts of major roads on rates of land-use change and habitat conversion in and around the Inner Gulf of Thailand, a large wetland of international importance; and (2) to evaluate the conversion rate of salt-pans (a critical habitat for several species of threatened shorebirds) between 1990 and 2011. Nine land-use types were categorised into two groups: seminatural and human-dominated. Proportions of each land-use type at different distances from major roads were determined using GIS data. More than 40% of the area was used for aquaculture during the entire study period. The amount of seminatural habitats was positively correlated with distance from major roads. Agriculture and urban areas showed the greatest changes in area (decreasing and increasing, respectively). Habitats that changed from seminatural to human-dominated were negatively correlated with distance from major roads. Most of the converted salt-pans were lost to aquaculture. To protect important wetlands from further biodiversity loss: (1) new major road construction should be avoided or minimised; and (2) land-use strategies that both satisfy short-term human needs and maintain ecosystem capacity to provide services in the long term should be adopted.

scholarly journals Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European states within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative and the ‘17+1’ mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Sergey Yun ◽  
◽  
Vitaly Pakulin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road initiative (BRI) is a large-scale geo-economic project which is an integral part of China’s contemporary foreign policy. The foundation of this project is the vast network of trade and transport communications by land and sea that encompasses countries of the Eurasian continent as well as Africa. The European destination is a key link of the project: most of the transit ways of the BRI lead to the EU and European countries. The Central and Eastern Europe region (CEE) occupies a special place in China’s strategy of the implementation of the Belt and Road initiative: the countries of this region are located on the main trade routes from China to the most developed European countries. Moreover, the CEE countries are in dire need of investment and infrastructure development. In 2012 China launched a multilateral cooperation mechanism with 16 CEE countries (in 2019 the number of participants increased to 17 due to the accession of Greece). This article aims at analyzing the structure and functioning of the mechanism, key areas of activity within the framework of the Belt and Road initiative, and the problems and prospects of cooperation between China and the CEE countries. The main hypothesis of the work is that China uses the ‘17 + 1’ mechanism as a tool for establishing bilateral cooperation with selected countries of the region. Such an approach evokes criticism from the CEE states, as well as EU institutions. The current situation shows that China needs to make adjustments to its strategy for the implementation of the BRI initiative in the region. The authors used legislation and materials from official websites of EU institutions, China and the CEE countries’ government agencies, statistical data and analytical papers by international organizations, as well as material from news agencies.

China’s Belt and Road Projects in Central Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 231971452110424
Author(s):  
Manish ◽  
Alok Behera
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade Promotion

This article aims to understand the evolving nature of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Central Asia. It examines how the BRI gives China an access to the abundant energy resources in Central Asia, alongside the trade connectivity, industry, infrastructure development, and expanding regional markets and facilitating regional cooperation, etc. While doing so, the article examines 261 small-and large-scale Chinese infrastructure projects in five Central Asian republics. As we understand, China’s BRI investments focus on rail and road connectivity projects, energy connectivity projects, trade promotion and industrial development, and people-to-people projects. This gives greater influence to China in the Central Asian region, thereby leading to a competition among the major powers such as Russia, the USA and India.

scholarly journals China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Global Politics and Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mahmudul Hoque ◽  
Riffat Ara Zannat Tama
Keyword(s):  
Development Project ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
International Issues ◽  
The Rise Of China

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a global infrastructure development project that ambitiously aims to connect Asia with European and African continents through land and sea corridors. China adopted this gigantic game-changing master plan in 2013 and spurred much speculation among scholars and policymakers worldwide. This article investigates the development of the project through the lens of global political geography and economy. From an international relations perspective, the author consults relevant pieces of literature and focuses on the international issues and events concerning the development of the project using concepts of ideas, interests, and institutions within the scope of geopolitics and political economy. The analysis is performed by reviewing critical events and arguments related to the ideas, interests and institutions evolving around the implementation of BRI. Drawing from the analysis, the author argues that the rise of China as a dominant global superpower largely depends on the success of the BRI, and this initiative will continue to generate politics among the international actors, multinational entities, and institutions. Despite widespread speculations, the project poses a substantive threat to the USA’s global dominance and is likely to create more global development cooperation under Chinese leadership and vision.

scholarly journals Analisis Ketergantungan China-Sri Lanka dalam Proyek Pembangunan Pelabuhan Hambantota Tahun 2007-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Vivi Ariesta Nurjayanti
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Third World ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Port Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Belt And Road

The purpose of this research is that the reader can find out the problem of Sri Lanka's dependence on China in the Hambantota Port development project which ultimately ended up as a debt trap. In this research authors used qualitative research methods. And from the results of research that has been done, it is found that basically the cooperation carried out by China and Sri Lanka is a collaboration between hegemon countries and third world countries. Debt trap diplomacy itself has close links with other Chinese policies, namely the Belt and Road Initiative, this policy focuses on infrastructure development which includes the construction of railroad networks, the construction of roads to ports located in the territories of other countries and has a strategic position and will good impact for the achievement of Chinese interests in realizing the "new Silk Road". Sri Lanka proposed cooperation to build the port of Hambantota with the aim of helping to improve Sri Lanka's economy. Cooperation that is expected to have a positive impact on Sri Lanka actually brings disaster, because it leads to a debt trap that makes Sri Lanka must hand over the port of Hambantota to the China’s government.

scholarly journals Analisis Penurunan Timbunan Tanah Silt Pada Proyek Jalan Ruas Giriwoyo-Duwet Wonogiri

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Agung Prakoso ◽  
Muhammad Mukhlisin ◽  
Junaidi Junaidi ◽  
Pentardi Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Road Development ◽  
National Road

The foundation layers of road construction in general have many problems of land subsidence. Land subsidence does not occur only on the ground or the original soil. Decrease of soil may also occur on pile or soil. Less than optimal density of the soil or the choice of unsuitable heap material may be the cause of the land subsidence in the embankment. Land subsidence also occurred in the National Road Development Project Segment Giriwoyo-Duwet, Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia, causing a decrease in road elevation from planned elevations. Decreasing this elevation can cause the standards of the cleverness and comfort of the road not being met. This study explains the results of the analysis of the large decrease in soil that occurred. The analysis is done by two methods. The method is done by theoretical calculation and by analysis using plaxis software. The results of the analysis show that the characteristics of soil used as soil pile material is silt soil with high and soft plasticity characteristics. The analysis also illustrates the factors of land degradation due to poor soil characteristics, carrying capacity and soil density less than standard and weather factors. The magnitude of the decline that occurred showed a decrease of 3-7 cm from the observation on the location, 1,1 cm from the results of plaxis software analysis and 1,7 cm from theoretical calculations.

KUALITAS PELAYANAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI KECAMATAN CIAWI, KABUPATEN BOGOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Muhamad Alfian ◽  
Nandang Saefudin Zenju ◽  
Irma Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
National Development ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
National Unity ◽  
The People ◽  
Driving Wheel ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
The City ◽  
Quality Infrastructure

Infrastructure development is an integral part of national development and the driving wheel of economic growth. Infrastructure also has an important role in strengthening national unity and unity (Bappenas: 2009). The banjarwaru, banjarwangi, and telukpinang highways are the access roads traversed by 8 villages including alternative routes for the cicurug-sukabumi area. This road is always passed by the people who headed to the city. Therefore, the benefits of this road is very important because it is often passed from the cicurug-sukabumi area due to the diversion of traffic flow so that the intensity of high road users.In this study the author uses the theory of Ridwan and Sudrajat. Quality of service is the level of incompatibility between expectations with customer desires and also the perceptions of these customers. Quality of service here can be assessed by looking at the dimensions. These dimensions include the quality of service, the ability of officials, and service convenience. During the observation to the community through the survey to direct approach with the community, most people complained that the development service to build the kecamatan should be further improved and the results of this study showed that the Quality Assessment of Service in Road Infrastructure Development in Ciawi Sub-district Bogor Regency is categorized Fair Good this is because the assessment of the quality of development services by the Subdistrict Apparatus itself and from the community assess the ability of District Officers still have to be improved in conducting the service and its implementation.Keywords: Service Quality, Infrastructure Development.

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